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The practical implementation of aqueous zinc‐iodine batteries (ZIBs) is hindered by the rampant Zn dendrites growth, parasite corrosion, and polyiodide shuttling. In this work, ionic liquid EMIM[OAc] is employed as an all‐round solution to mitigate challenges on both the Zn anode and the iodine cathode side. First, the EMIM+ embedded lean‐water inner Helmholtz plane (IHP) and inert solvation sheath modulated by OAc− effectively repels H2O molecules away from the Zn anode surface. The preferential adsorption of EMIM+ on Zn metal facilitates uniform Zn nucleation via a steric hindrance effect. Second, EMIM+ can reduce the polyiodide shuttling by hindering the iodine dissolution and forming an EMIM+‐I3− dominated phase. These effects holistically enhance the cycle life, which is manifested by both Zn || Zn symmetric cells and Zn‐I2 full cells. ZIBs with EAc deliver a capacity decay rate of merely 0.01 ‰ per cycle after over 18,000 cycles at 4 A g−1, and lower self‐discharge and better calendar life than the ZIBs without ionic liquid EAc additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical implementation of aqueous zinc‐iodine batteries (ZIBs) is hindered by the rampant Zn dendrites growth, parasite corrosion, and polyiodide shuttling. In this work, ionic liquid EMIM[OAc] is employed as an all‐round solution to mitigate challenges on both the Zn anode and the iodine cathode side. First, the EMIM+ embedded lean‐water inner Helmholtz plane (IHP) and inert solvation sheath modulated by OAc− effectively repels H2O molecules away from the Zn anode surface. The preferential adsorption of EMIM+ on Zn metal facilitates uniform Zn nucleation via a steric hindrance effect. Second, EMIM+ can reduce the polyiodide shuttling by hindering the iodine dissolution and forming an EMIM+‐I3− dominated phase. These effects holistically enhance the cycle life, which is manifested by both Zn || Zn symmetric cells and Zn‐I2 full cells. ZIBs with EAc deliver a capacity decay rate of merely 0.01 ‰ per cycle after over 18,000 cycles at 4 A g−1, and lower self‐discharge and better calendar life than the ZIBs without ionic liquid EAc additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc‐iodine battery (AZIB) has the advantage of low cost and high specific capacity but suffer from the soluble polyiodides shuttling and sluggish redox kinetics. Herein, these two limitations are addressed by employing a cathode additive (zirconium hydrogen phosphate, denoted as EI‐ZrP) which provides dual functions: an agent for polyiodide confinement, and abundant channels for zinc ion transport. An enlarged crystalline interlayer (from typical 7.5 to 18.3 Å) of the EI‐ZrP significantly enhances the ionic conductivity and simultaneously immobilizes polyiodides, leading to an accelerated conversion process. AZIB with EI‐ZrP in the iodine cathode exhibits a high capacity retention over 10,000 cycles (with a 0.02‰ decay rate per cycle). Quasi‐solid‐state Zn‐I2 pouch cell has been constructed using hydrogel‐paper as separator and EI‐ZrP additive, which delivers a high areal capacity under repeated bending. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the paper battery is integrated to power a wireless flexible pressure sensor system (WFPSS). This strategy may shed light on the rational design of conversion‐type cathode materials for both energy storage and flexible portable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their high energy density and cost‐effectiveness, lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered highly promising for the next generation of energy storage technologies. However, the soluble lithium‐polysulfides (LiPSs) notorious for causing the shuttle effect and the sluggish redox kinetics have hindered their practical commercialization. To tackle these challenges, a heterostructural catalyst featuring NiS‐NiCo2O4 interfaces is developed, which serves as an interlayer for LSBs. These interfacial sites leverage the advantages of polar NiCo2O4 and conductive NiS, enabling smooth Li+ diffusion, rapid electron transport, and effective immobilization of LiPSs. This synergistic approach promotes the conversion of sulfur species, resulting in a high discharge capacity of 526 mAh g−1 at 3 C for cells with the NiS‐NiCo2O4 interlayer. Additionally, remarkable cycling stability is achievable with an areal sulfur loading of ≈5.0 mg cm−2. It is believed that this research paves the way for practical applications of LSBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Appendiceal bleeding is a rare cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, could be overlooked and diagnosed as obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Due to limited real-world cases, the optimized management of appendiceal bleeding is unclear. We here shared our experiences in the past 20 years. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at West China Hospital of Sichuan University. We reviewed data of 28,175 colonoscopies from 43,095 gastrointestinal bleeding patients between June 2003 and June 2023. Six patients diagnosed as appendiceal bleeding were included. Data including symptoms, laboratory tests, imaging results, endoscopic findings, treatment and prognosis were collected and analyzed. Results: Appendiceal bleeding accounts for 0.014% in gastrointestinal bleeding patients. Of the six patients, five were male, with a mean age of 48.5 years. Hematochezia was the most common symptom. The etiology included appendiceal angiodysplasia, appendicitis and appendectomy associated bleeding. Hemostasis was achieved by appendectomy, endoscopic therapy or medication according to different cases. One patient did not receive any treatment because of self-limiting bleeding. Conclusions: The diagnosis of appendiceal bleeding is challenging, repeated flushing during endoscopy is helpful. Appendectomy is the priority option for treatment as well as the etiology clarification, therapeutic endoscopy and medication could be considered case by case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The progress of aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) is limited by the poor cycling life due to Zn anode instability, including dendrite growth, surface corrosion, and passivation. Inspired by the anti‐corrosion strategy of steel industry, a compounding corrosion inhibitor (CCI) is employed as the electrolyte additive for Zn metal anode protection. It is shown that CCI can spontaneously generate a uniform and ≈30 nm thick solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on Zn anode with a strong adhesion via ZnO bonding. This SEI layer efficiently prohibits water corrosion and guides homogeneous Zn deposition without obvious dendrite formation. This enables reversible Zn deposition and dissolution for over 1100 h under the condition of 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2 in symmetric cells. The Zn‐MnO2 full cells with CCI‐modified electrolyte deliver an ultralow capacity decay rate (0.013% per cycle) at 0.5 A g−1 over 1000 cycles. Such an innovative strategy paves a low‐cost way to achieve AZBs with long lifespan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) with extremely‐high theoretical energy density (2600 Wh kg−1) are deemed to be the most likely energy storage system to be commercialized. However, the polysulfides shuttling and lithium (Li) metal anode failure in LSBs limit its further commercialization. Herein, a versatile asymmetric separator and a Li‐rich lithium–magnesium (Li–Mg) alloy anode are applied in LSBs. The asymmetric separator is consisted of lithiated‐sulfonated porous organic polymer (SPOP‐Li) and Li6.75La3Zr1.75Nb0.25O12 (LLZNO) layers toward the cathode and anode, respectively. SPOP‐Li serves as a polysulfides barrier and Li‐ion conductor, while the LLZNO functions as an "ion redistributor". Combining with a stable Li–Mg alloy anode, the symmetric cell achieves 5300 h of Li stripping/plating and the modified LSBs exhibit a long lifespan with an ultralow fading rate of 0.03% per cycle for over 1000 cycles at 5 C. Impressively, even under a high‐sulfur‐loading (6.1 mg cm−2), an area capacity of 4.34 mAh cm−2 after 100 cycles can still be maintained, demonstrating high potential for practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium (Li) metal with high specific capacity and low redox potential is widely considered as a potential anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density. However, the catastrophic dendrites growth, "dead Li" formation, and surface passivation hinder its practical application. Herein, a selective artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer (Li2Sx,x = 1, 2) protection strategy is adopted, where the tip sites passivation and the uniform Li nucleation in grooves are well combined, which enables reversible Li stripping/plating with high storage capacity and robust electrode framework. The grooves derived patterned array Li with selective Li2Sx artificial SEI (LS@A‐Li) exhibit over 1800 h cycling life at 1.0 mA cm–2/1.0 mAh cm–2 and over 600 h even under 5.0 mA cm–2/10.0 mAh cm–2. The application feasibility of such LS@A‐Li is also confirmed by coupling with commercial LiFePO4 and LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) in the full batteries. This work paves way for the large‐scale application of Li metal anode in lithium‐metal batteries with a facile and efficient fabrication process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogels hold great promise as electrolytes for emerging aqueous batteries, for which establishing a robust electrode‐hydrogel interface is crucial for mitigating side reactions. Conventional hydrogel electrolytes fabricated by ex situ polymerization through either thermal stimulation or photo exposure cannot ensure complete interfacial contact with electrodes. Herein, we introduce an in situ electropolymerization approach for constructing hydrogel electrolytes. The hydrogel is spontaneously generated during the initial cycling of the battery, eliminating the need of additional initiators for polymerization. The involvement of electrodes during the hydrogel synthesis yields well‐bonded and deep infiltrated electrode‐electrolyte interfaces. As a case study, we attest that, the in situ‐formed polyanionic hydrogel in Zn‐MnO2 battery substantially improves the stability and kinetics of both Zn anode and porous MnO2 cathode owing to the robust interfaces. This research provides insight to the function of hydrogel electrolyte interfaces and constitutes a critical advancement in designing highly durable aqueous batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogels hold great promise as electrolytes for emerging aqueous batteries, for which establishing a robust electrode‐hydrogel interface is crucial for mitigating side reactions. Conventional hydrogel electrolytes fabricated by ex situ polymerization through either thermal stimulation or photo exposure cannot ensure complete interfacial contact with electrodes. Herein, we introduce an in situ electropolymerization approach for constructing hydrogel electrolytes. The hydrogel is spontaneously generated during the initial cycling of the battery, eliminating the need of additional initiators for polymerization. The involvement of electrodes during the hydrogel synthesis yields well‐bonded and deep infiltrated electrode‐electrolyte interfaces. As a case study, we attest that, the in situ‐formed polyanionic hydrogel in Zn‐MnO2 battery substantially improves the stability and kinetics of both Zn anode and porous MnO2 cathode owing to the robust interfaces. This research provides insight to the function of hydrogel electrolyte interfaces and constitutes a critical advancement in designing highly durable aqueous batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) is immensely impeded by notorious shuttle effect, sluggish redox kinetics, and irregular Li2S deposition, which result in large polarization and rapid capacity decay. To obtain the LSBs with high energy density and fast reaction kinetics, herein, a heterostructure composed by nitrogen‐deficient graphitic carbon nitride (ND‐g‐C3N4) and MgNCN is fabricated via a magnesiothermic denitriding technology. Lithophilic C3N4 with abundant nitrogen‐deficient acts as a conductive framework, together with the sulfiphilic MgNCN, lithium‐polysulfides (LiPSs) can be effectively captured followed by a regulated Li2S nucleation. Furthermore, the oxidation conversion kinetics can be accelerated as well. As expected, the LSBs with catalytic MgNCN/ND‐g‐C3N4 as the interlayer exhibit remarkable electrochemical performance with a discharge capacity of 650 mAh g−1 at 4 C. Meanwhile, a low capacity decay of 0.008% per cycle can be reached at 1 C after 400 cycles. Even with a high areal sulfur loading of 5.1 mg cm−2, outstanding capacity retention can be achieved at 0.5 C (64.18%) and 1 C (90.46%). The presented strategy unlocks a new way for the LSBs design with highly efficient catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel Anti-Corrosion Strategy Enables Long-Cycle Zn Anode (Adv. Aqueous Zn-ion batteries, Zn metal anodes, dendrites suppression, compounding corrosion inhibitors, organic solid-electrolyte interphase Spontaneous adsorption of the CCI on the Zn surface via Zn-O bonding constructs a uniform organic layer that allows Zn ion conduction but prevents H SB 2 sb O diffusion. [Extracted from the article]

Aquaculture is an important protein source in many countries, including China. Integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) is widely used to reduce the environmental pressure of aquaculture and to increase profits. However, effects of IMTA on host immune and metabolic responses, the dynamics of bacterial communities, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are relatively understudied. In this study, the IMTA mariculture systems with different combinations of the hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂), the whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), and the alga (Gracilaria bailinae) were constructed to evaluate the effects of different culture systems on the aquatic environment and cultured species during the initial stage of aquaculture. Results showed that G. bailinae could effectively remove inorganic nutrients accumulated in water, which in turn significantly promoted growth and enhanced non-specific immunity and glycolipid metabolism in the hybrid grouper. Although ARGs were present throughout the culture process, the relative abundance of ARGs in three of the four culture systems decreased with culture time. This was especially the case in the monoculture and the fish-algal IMTA systems, indicating that these aquaculture systems had a scavenging effect on ARGs in the environment. Correlation and network analyses indicated that ARGs were not significantly correlated with environmental factors but were closely related to bacterial communities. Approximately 25 bacterial groups of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were significantly correlated with ARGs, including aminoglycoside, beta-lactamase, chloramphenicol, and multidrug resistance genes. Moreover, tnpA-07 , a transposase gene, indirectly affected ARGs through its interaction with Acteroidetes and Proteobacteria. This study provides insights into further optimizing culture methods and controlling the spread and ecological risk of ARGs in IMTA systems. • Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) of two or more species is effective in minimizing the impacts of aquaculture. • Macroalga Gracilaria bailinae significantly reduces inorganic nutrients in the medium. • Monoculture and mixed culture with G. bailinae can reduce the relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). • ARGs are closely related to Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stratification analysis of local recurrence between the groups for small lesions (similar to the stratification of resection rates) may further support the selection of non-ESD resection methods as suggested by the authors. Second, the authors found that endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) had a lower local recurrence rate compared with non-ESD resection methods, especially for large duodenal tumors (>= 30 mm). [Extracted from the article]

Background and Aims: The impact of submucosal injection during cold snare polypectomy (CSP) remains uncertain. We conducted an evidence-based comparison of conventional CSP (C-CSP) and CSP with submucosal injection (SI-CSP) for colorectal polyp resection. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing C-CSP with SI-CSP. Major outcomes included the rates of complete resection, en bloc resection, polyp retrieval, and adverse events, as well as the duration of polypectomy. Data were analyzed by using a random-effects model. Results: A total of seven RCTs were included. Complete resection rates for all polyps (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.93–1.03), polyps ≤ 10 mm (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.96–1.02) and polyps > 10 mm (RR 0.92; 95% CI 0.69–1.12) were not substantially different between C-CSP and SI-CSP groups. En bloc resection rate (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.79–1.09) and polyp retrieval rate (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99–1.01) were also not significantly different between the two groups. The SI-CSP group required a prolonged polypectomy time than the C-CSP group (SMD − 0.89; 95% CI -1.29 to -0.49). Adverse events were rare in both groups. Conclusions: SI-CSP is not an optimal substitute for CSP in the resection of colorectal polyps, particularly diminutive and small polyps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zn metal is a promising anode material in aqueous batteries, but the direct use of Zn foil encounters severe issues of dendrite formation and side reactions, causing short cycle life. Conventional thick and rigid insulating protection layers may impede Zn ion diffusion and detach during mechanical deformation of the battery. Herein, a dendrite‐free zinc anode is demonstrated by grafting a thin (≈10 nm) Ti3C2Tx MXene functional membrane which is formed via Marangoni‐driven self‐assembly. The thin MXene membrane initiates uniform nucleation and promotes deposition of (002)‐oriented Zn in a lateral growth mode. Meanwhile, the membrane functions as a soft, stress‐adaptive, and protective layer to the underneath active zinc. This functional membrane renders Zn anode with improved cycling stability without notable dendrite formation or side‐reaction products. Flexible Zn─I2 pouch cells fabricated from the MXene‐covered Zn foil (20 µm thick) anode and a modified ZnI2 cathode demonstrate stable capacity up to 1500 cycles and unchanged voltage upon various mechanical deformations. This work affords new insights into designing functional soft membranes for constructing flexible Zn‐based energy devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Ponziani et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15996 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16052 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large‐scale deployment of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries is hindered by Zn anode instability including surface corrosion, hydrogen gas evolution, and irregular Zn deposition. To tackle these challenges, a polyhydroxylated organic molecular additive, trehalose, is incorporated to refine the solvation structure and promote planar Zn deposition. Within solvation structure regions involving trehalose, the hydroxy groups participate in the reconstruction of hydrogen bond networks, which increases the overpotential for water decomposition reaction. Moreover, at the Zn metal–molecule interface, the chemisorption of trehalose onto the surface of the zinc anode enhances corrosion resistance and facilitates the deposition of zinc in a planar manner. The optimized electrolyte significantly improves Zn striping/plating reversibility and maintains stable potentials over 1600 h at 5 mA cm−2 with a cutoff capacity of 1 mA h cm−2 in symmetric cells. When combined with the MnO2 cathode, the assembled coin cell retains ≈89% of its capacity after 1000 cycles. This organic molecule additive, emphasizing the role of polyhydroxylated organic molecules in fine‐tuning solvation structures and anode/electrolyte interfaces, holds promise for enhancing various aqueous metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Pure bending theory and variable-stiffness pure bending model were used. • The additional stress at the die corner and the contact stress during bending were obtained. • The force equilibrium equations for cylindrical cup near the die corner were established. To obtain the stress states of the sheet metal and understand the potential forming mechanism under the influences of fluid pressure and temperature during the warm hydroforming of 5A06-O aluminum alloy sheets, mechanics analysis was conducted for the warm hydromechanical deep drawing of a cylindrical cup, taking into account through-thickness normal stress induced by fluid pressure. By considering the additional stress during bending using a variable-stiffness pure bending model as equal to that determined using a bending moment model, the additional stress at the die corner during bending was solved. The force equilibrium equations for the cup near the die corner, which were classified by whether the blank contacted the die, were also established and the results were in good agreement with those obtained via the finite element method. Furthermore, mechanics analysis was also performed for the straight-wall region, and the results revealed that the error was slightly greater when the liquid pressure was used to approximately equal to through-thickness normal stress because the ratio of thickness to radius was not sufficiently large. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter critiques a study on the efficacy and safety of cold snare endoscopic mucosal resection for colon polyps. The authors raise concerns about the methodology used in the study, including the evaluation of different types of research and the need for data transformation. They also question the reporting of complications in the results section. The letter concludes that the study's reliability may be impacted by these methodological concerns. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Miss rate of colorectal neoplasia is associated with lesion histology, size, morphology, or location. Objectives: We aim to compare the efficacy of Linked color imaging (LCI) versus white light imaging (WLI) for adenoma detection rate (ADR), the detection of sessile serrated lesions (SSLs), serrated lesions (SLs), advanced adenomas (AAs), diminutive lesions (DLs), and flat lesions (FLs) by using per-patient and per-lesion analysis based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources and methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched through May 1st, 2023. We calculated risk ratio for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference for continuous outcomes, and performed sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses. Results: Overall, 17 RCTs (10,624 patients) were included. In per-patient analysis, ADR was higher in the LCI group versus the WLI group (p < 0.00001). This effect was consistent for SSL (p = 0.005), SLs (p = 0.01), AAs (p = 0.04), DLs (p < 0.00001), and FLs (p < 0.0001). In per-lesion analysis, LCI showed a significant superiority over WLI with regard to the mean number of adenomas per patient (p < 0.00001). This effect was in accordance with mean SSL (p = 0.001), mean SLs (p < 0.00001), and mean DLs (p < 0.0001) per patient. A subgroup analysis showed that the beneficial effect of the LCI group on the detection of AAs, SSL, and FLs was maintained only for studies when experts and trainees were included but not for experts only. Conclusions: Meta-analyses of RCTs data support the use of LCI in clinical practice, especially for trainees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid metabolic reprogramming is an emerging hallmark of cancer. In order to sustain uncontrolled proliferation and survive in unfavorable environments that lack oxygen and nutrients, tumor cells undergo metabolic transformations to exploit various ways of acquiring lipid and increasing lipid oxidation. In addition, stromal cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment also undergo lipid metabolic reprogramming, which further affects tumor functional phenotypes and immune responses. Given that lipid metabolism plays a critical role in supporting cancer progression and remodeling the tumor microenvironment, targeting the lipid metabolism pathway could provide a novel approach to cancer treatment. This review seeks to: (1) clarify the overall landscape and mechanisms of lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer, (2) summarize the lipid metabolic landscapes within stromal cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, and clarify their roles in tumor progression, and (3) summarize potential therapeutic targets for lipid metabolism, and highlight the potential for combining such approaches with other anti-tumor therapies to provide new therapeutic opportunities for cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "shuttle effect" of long-chain polysulfides and the low conductivity of elemental sulfur lead to the inferior cycling stability of lithium–sulfur batteries and imped their practical applications. Herein, Co3O4 nanoflakes with uniform macro pores distribution were synthesized via facile oil bath and calcination methods. Coupled with super P and coated on common polypropylene separators, they were expected to hinder the migration of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and accelerate the redox kinetics of polysulfides. Coin cells assembled with the Co3O4–super P interlayer exhibited a capacity of 760 mA h g−1 at 1 C, maintained 598 mA h g−1 after 350 cycles, and the decay rate of discharge capacity was only about 0.062% per cycle. Such high performance can be attributed to the synergistic effects between polar Co3O4 and conductive super P. The facile fabrication method and high performance make the Co3O4-super P interlayer a feasible material to apply in lithium-sulfur batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firstly, the authors point out that our analysis included a combination of outcomes for both endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) among cirrhosis patients. Dear Editor, We read with great interest the study by Chandan et al. [[1]] about the efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection techniques in patients with liver cirrhosis. We reported relative risk ratios as studies comparing outcomes in cirrhosis and non-cirrhosis patients were a combination of cohort and case-control studies. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Currently, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is widely used as therapeutic methods for superficial esophageal neoplasms (SENs). However, patients are likely to develop esophageal strictures after ESD. Our study aims to explore the possible risk factors for esophageal strictures after ESD and develop and validate a risk model for predicting the progression of postoperative esophageal strictures. Methods: Clinical data of patients who underwent ESD in our hospital for suspected early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were collected from January 2014 to March 2020. The possible risk factors for postoperative esophageal strictures were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Eventually, a risk-scoring model was built, in which 70% of patients were used to develop the model and the remaining 30% were used for validation. Results: A total of 553 patients who received ESD were involved, and the incidence of esophageal strictures after ESD was 16.6% (92/553). In our study, the operating time, circumferential range, lesion location, depth of infiltration, and R0 resection were independent risk factors for esophageal strictures after ESD. According to the risk of postoperative esophageal stenosis, a risk-scoring model for esophageal strictures prediction was developed. The risk score ranged from 0 to 11 points, and the risk scores were divided into low risk (0–3 points), intermediate risk (4–7 points), and high risk (8–11 points). The proportions of esophageal stenosis progression in the corresponding risk categories were 6.33%, 29.14%, and 100%. Conclusions: We developed a risk-scoring model based on factors including circumferential range, lesion location, depth of infiltration, and R0 resection. It stratified patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups for postoperative esophageal strictures development. This scoring model may have the potential to guide the management of patients after ESD in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colonoscopy is one of the most frequent and most expensive tests used during the evaluation of IBS symptoms, imposing a significant burden on the patient. Based on a long-term prospective cohort with 0.5 million adults, the author confirmed that inflammatory bowel disease (IBS) was associated with a lower risk of incident colorectal cancer (CRC) and cancer-specific mortality. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The effect of retroflexed view (RV) for the reexamination of the right colon after forward view (FV) examination has not been fully understood. Methods: We searched multiple databases including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for prospective studies exploring the role of RV for reexamination of the right colon. A meta‐analysis was performed on outcomes including lesion detection rates, lesion miss rates, and withdrawal time. Results: Four randomized controlled trials aimed to compare the impact of the second withdrawal from the right colon in RV vs. FV following a standard colonoscopy. Both the additional adenoma detection rate (AADR) and additional polyp detection rate (APDR) of the right colon were lower in the RV group compared with the FV group (risk ratio [RR] 0.73 for AADR; RR 0.76 for APDR); similar results were noted in comparisons of the adenoma miss rate and polyp miss rate. Six prospective cohort studies aimed to describe the effect of the RV examination of the right colon after one or two rounds of FV examination. Both the adenoma detection rate (ADR) and polyp detection rate (PDR) of the right colon were slightly higher in combined examinations with RV examination than single FV examination (RR 1.11 for ADR; RR 1.16 for PDR) or two FV examinations (RR 1.21 for ADR; RR 1.22 for PDR). Conclusions: FV may detect more adenomas and polyps than RV during the second withdrawal from the right colon. RV may detect additional adenomas and polyps in the right colon after two FV examinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection (ESTD) is a new treatment for superficial upper gastrointestinal precancerous lesions and tumors. However, its safety and efficacy for treating these lesions is still uncertain. This meta‐analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of ESTD with those of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in treating early superficial upper gastrointestinal precancerous lesions and tumors. Methods: Electronic databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library and the Web of Science, were systematically searched for articles published up to 1 April 2020. The primary outcomes were complete and en bloc resection rates of the lesions. The secondary outcomes included operation time, speed of dissection, complication and recurrence rates. The Newcastle‐Ottawa quality assessment scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. Results: Seven studies were included in the final meta‐analysis. The complete and en bloc resection rates of early superficial esophageal lesions as well as the en bloc resection rate of early superficial gastric lesions were similar between the ESTD and ESD groups. Compared with the ESD group, the ESTD group had a higher en bloc resection rate for early superficial gastric lesions. A faster dissection speed was observed in both superficial esophageal and gastric lesions. In gastric lesions, the operation time of the ESTD group was shorter than that of the ESD group, while it did not differ for esophageal lesions. There were no obvious differences in bleeding and perforation rates between the groups. Conclusion: As an endoscopic technique for treating early superficial upper gastrointestinal lesions, ESTD is as safe as and more effective than ESD, especially for gastric lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the effect of albumin infusion on cirrhotic patients admitted for acute gastrointestinal bleeding.Methods: Medical records of cirrhotic patients who admitted due to acute gastrointestinal bleeding through January 2009 to December 2018 were reviewed. Clinical data and the total amount of albumin and red blood cell used during hospitalization were recorded. For patients with rebleeding, the amount of albumin and red blood cell used before rebleeding was also documented. The primary outcome was the occurrence of rebleeding, and the second outcome was in-hospital mortality. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with rebleeding and in-hospital mortality.Results: A total of 1503 cirrhotic patients were included in the analysis. There were 146 episodes of in-patient rebleeding occurred, while 81 patients died. Overall, more red blood cells and albumin were prescribed to patients who suffered rebleeding. In terms of the amount before rebleeding, the red blood cell was higher in patients with rebleeding, but the albumin infusion was similar. In the multivariate model, the albumin infusion before rebleeding was an independent risk factor associated with rebleeding (adjusted OR for ≤40 g vs 0 g, 0.469 [0.269-0.793], p = 0.006; adjusted OR for > 40 g vs 0 g, 0.272 [0.115-0.576], p = 0.001). In Child-Pugh C class patients, the use of albumin more than 40 g during hospitalization associated with a lower risk of in-patient mortality (adjusted OR for > 40 g vs 0 g, 0.136 [0.019-0.741], p = 0.031).Conclusions: Albumin infusion was associated with a lower risk of rebleeding and in-hospital deaths in cirrhosis admitted for acute gastrointestinal bleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the outcomes of endoscopic submucosal single-tunnel dissection or endoscopic submucosal multi-tunnel dissection for the treatment of esophageal neoplastic lesions of at least three-quarters of the esophageal circumference, including circumferential superficial esophageal neoplastic lesions. From July 2014 to February 2018, a total of 124 lesions underwent endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection at our hospital. One to four submucosal tunnels were created in the oral to anal direction. Of the 124 lesions, there were 83 noncomplete circumferential lesions and 41 circumferential lesions. Endoscopic submucosal single-tunnel dissection was performed in 54 patients, two-tunnel dissection in 43 patients, three-tunnel dissection in 19 patients, and four-tunnel dissection in 8 patients. The mean dissection speed was 22.8±12.7 mm2/min. En bloc dissection was achieved in all lesions, and the R0 resection rate was 70.2 percent. No matter how large the lesion area was, there were no significant differences in the dissection speed and the R0 resection rate when lesions were at least three-quarters of the esophageal circumference. Esophageal stricture was observed in 54 patients and was relieved by placement of a retrievable metal stent or by endoscopic water balloon dilation. No recurrence was noted after 19.1±12.4 months of follow-up. Our large sample size study showed that endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection showed effectiveness and safety for the treatment of large superficial esophageal neoplastic lesions at least three-quarters of the esophageal circumference, including circumferential superficial esophageal neoplastic lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the existing calculation reports, sulfur doping is an effective approach to alleviate the structure collapse of Li2MnSiO4 during cycling. Herein, we investigate the feasibility and limitations of S doping in Li2MnSiO4 by experiment. In our work, the solid solubility of S is confirmed and exceeding the threshold results in MnS impurity. The existence state and site of the S element in a Li2MnSiO4 crystal structure is also confirmed. It is found that S doping significantly improves the structural reversibility and cycling stability. Compared with a pristine sample, a 1mol% S doped sample exhibits a much higher initial coulombic efficiency (88.3%), excellent capacity retention (98% at 10th cycles for instance) and enhanced rate performance. Moreover, the 1mol% S doped sample can retain a discharge capacity of 137 mA h g−1 after 30 cycles while the pristine sample only has 61.6 mA h g−1. This study confirms the effectivity of S doping in suppressing the structural distortion in Li2MnSiO4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal polyps are commonly seen in colonoscopy and the management of neoplastic polyps and non-neoplastic polyps are different. It is necessary to distinguish neoplastic polyps from non-neoplastic polyps in real-time. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) in diagnosing neoplastic colorectal polyps from non-neoplastic colorectal polyps. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for trials that used magnifying endoscopy with ME-NBI for diagnosing neoplastic colorectal polyps. Sixteen articles and 20 fourfold tables were obtained. Sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), positive likelihood ratios (+ LRs), negative likelihood ratios (- LRs) and diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) were calculated. A summary receiver-operating characteristic (SROC) curve was constructed, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated. We performed subgroup analyses based on polyp size and assessment criteria: (1) According to data extracted from 20 fourfold tables, the pooled Sen and Spe of ME-NBI for diagnosing neoplastic colorectal polyps < 10 mm were 0.94 (95% CI 0.92-0.95) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.72-0.80),respectively. The pooled Sen and Spe of ME-NBI for diagnosing all neoplastic polyps were 0.98 (95% CI 0.98-0.99) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.85-0.90), respectively. (2) Data pertaining to the following three assessment methods were analysed from 15 fourfold tables: surface pattern (SP), vessel pattern (VP) and the combination of SP and VP. The AUCs for these assessment criteria were 0.9533, 0.9518 and 0.9954, respectively. Conclusions were made that ME-NBI has high diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing neoplastic colorectal polyps based on the combination of SP with VP and is helpful in making real-time diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, based on an adaptive nonbackstepping design algorithm, we proposed a novel variable universe of discourse fuzzy control (VUDFC) approach for a class of single-input-single-output strict-feedback nonlinear systems with unknown dead-zone inputs. Firstly, we convert the form of system into a normal form on the basis of some new state variables and coordinate transformation; at the same time, state-feedback control is changed to output-feedback control. Secondly, we design observers to estimate the new unmeasurable states. Then, different from considering the traditional backstepping-based fuzzy control scheme, we introduce a direct VUDFC scheme, which is mainly based on changing of contraction-expansion factors to modify the universe of discourse online, and fuzzy rules can automatically reproduce to develop the control performance; thus, the size of initial rule base is greatly reduced. This new algorithm can alleviate tracking error, improve the accuracy of the system, and strengthen robustness. Lastly, according to Lyapunov theorem analysis, we prove that all the signals in the closed-loop system can be guaranteed to be stable, and the output can track the reference signal very well. Simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed VUDFC approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we set out to identify dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2)-specific HLA-A*2402-restricted epitopes and determine the characteristics of T cells generated to these epitopes. We screened the full-length amino-acid sequence of DENV-2 to find potential epitopes using the SYFPEITHI algorithm. Twelve putative HLA-A*2402-binding peptides conserved in hundreds of DENV-2 strains were synthesized, and the HLA restriction of peptides was tested in HLA-A*2402 transgenic mice. Nine peptides (NS4b 228–237 , NS2a 73–81 , E 298–306 , M 141–149 , NS4a 96–105 , NS4b 159–168 , NS5 475–484 , NS1 162–171 , and NS5 611–620 ) induced high levels of peptide-specific IFN-γ-secreting cells in HLA-A*2402 transgenic mice. Apart from IFN-γ, NS4b 228–237 -, NS2a 73–81 - and E 298–306 -specific CD8 + cells produced TNF-α and IL-6 simultaneously, whereas M 141–149 - and NS5 475–484 - CD8 + cells produced only IL-6. Moreover, splenic mononuclear cells (SMCs) efficiently recognized and killed peptide-pulsed splenocytes. Furthermore, each of nine peptides could be recognized by splenocytes from DENV-2-infected HLA-A*2402 transgenic mice. The SMCs from HLA-A*2402 transgenic mice immunized with nine immunogenic peptides efficiently killed DENV-2-infected splenic monocytes. The present identified epitopes have the potential to be new diagnostic tools for characterization of T-cell immunity in DENV infection and may serve as part of a universal epitope-based vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]