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Abstract To provide a basis for further optimization of the polio sequential immunization schedule, this study evaluated the effectiveness of booster immunization with one dose of bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) at 48 months of age after different primary polio immunization schedules. At 48 months of age, one dose of bOPV was administered, and their poliovirus types 1–3 (PV1, PV2, and PV3, respectively)-specific neutralizing antibody levels were determined. Participants found to be negative for any type of PV-specific neutralizing antibody at 24, 36, or 48 months of age were re-vaccinated with inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). The 439 subjects who received a bOPV booster immunization at the age of 48 months had lower PV2-specific antibody levels compared with those who received IPV. One dose of IPV during basic polio immunization induced the lowest PV2-specific antibody levels. On the basis of our findings, to ensure that no less than 70% of the vaccinated have protection efficiency, we recommend the following: if basic immunization was conducted with 1IPV + 2bOPV (especially Sabin strain-based IPV), a booster immunization with IPV is recommended at 36 months of age, whereas if basic immunization was conducted with 2IPV + 1bOPV, a booster immunization with IPV is recommended at 48 months of age. A sequential immunization schedule of 2IPV + 1bOPV + 1IPV can not only maintain high levels of antibody against PV1 and PV3 but also increases immunity to PV2 and induces early intestinal mucosal immunity, with relatively good safety. Thus, this may be the best sequential immunization schedule for polio in countries or regions at high risk for polio.

Some effective antithyroid drugs (ATDs) have been widely used for patients with Graves' disease (GD) but are associated with ATD-induced agranulocytosis. We selected 29 ATD-induced agranulocytosis patients, 44 ATD-induced neutropenia patients, and 140 GD controls among the Chinese Han population who were recruited at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University. We assessed their response to ATDs treatment by performing genotyping for a candidate gene association study of samples from patients receiving treatment. Human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), which is the major hepatic enzyme involved in the production of N-oxide of trimethylamine, catalyzes the oxygenation of a variety of drug compounds. Six single SNP, genotype, haplotype (HAP), and association analyses of the >italic/italic< gene with ATD-induced agranulocytosis/neutropenia under different models (i.e., additive, dominant, and recessive models) were performed. Rs1736557, which caused an amino acid variation V257M, showed a strong association between ATD-induced agranulocytosis and GD controls after Bonferroni correction (>italic/italic< = 0.011, OR 2.301, 95% CI 1.201–4.409). The presence of HAP 3 (HAP3) in the >italic/italic< gene HAP was statistically associated with ATD-induced agranulocytosis (>italic/italic< = 0.038, permutation >italic/italic< value). Our findings indicate that genetic variations in the >italic/italic< gene are associated with the response to ATDs maintenance treatment in ATD-induced agranulocytosis patients of -Chinese Han population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have shown the 5-HT 6 receptors are expressed in regions which are important in pain processing such as the cortex, amygdala, thalamus, PAG, spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG), suggesting a putative role of 5-HT 6 receptors in pain modulation. The ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) is part of an endogenous analgesic system, consisting of the spinal cord - thalamic nucleus submedius (Sm) - VLO - periaqueductal gray (PAG) - spinal cord loop. The present study assessed the possible role of 5-HT 6 receptors in the VLO in formalin-induced inflammatory pain model. Firstly we found that microinjection of selective 5-HT 6 receptor agonists EMD-386088 (5 μg in 0.5 μl) and WAY-208466 (8 μg in 0.5 μl) both augmented 5% formalin-induced nociceptive behavior. Microinjection of selective 5-HT 6 receptor antagonist SB-258585 (1,2 and 4 μg in 0.5 μl) significantly reduced formalin-induced flinching. Besides, the pronociceptive effects of EMD-386088 and WAY-208466 were dramatically reduced by SB-258585, implicating 5-HT 6 receptor mechanisms in mediating these responses. In addition, the pronociceptive effect of EMD-386088 was also prevented by the adenylate cyclase (AC) inhibitor SQ-22536 (2 nmol in 0.5 μl) and the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 (10 nmol in 0.5 μl), respectively. We further confirmed the above results with quantification of spinal c-fos expression. Taken together, our results suggested that 5-HT 6 receptors play a pronociceptive role in the VLO in the rat formalin test due to its activation of AC - PKA pathway. Therefore, cerebral cortical 5-HT 6 receptors could be a new target to develop analgesic drugs., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Present here is a new dual ratiometric luminescent probe D which is a trichromatic and white-light-emitting metal-organic framework (MOF) composite facilely obtained by incorporating red/green-emitting complex modules into a blue-emitting MOF. Probe D exhibits remarkable capabilities of sensing different volatile organic solvents (VOSs) via 2D code recognition of the two VOS-dependent MOF ligand-to-module ratios of the emission-peak intensities. For specific VOSs, the resultant luminescent color changes from the starting white color are sharp enough to be visible to the naked eye. Remarkably, D can differentiate solution-phase nitroaromatics and metal ions by recording the evolution of the two ratios during titration processes, enabling an unusual 3D code recognition using the titrant amount as the third dimension for the first time. D also can be used to detect dinoseb, Fe 3+ and Al 3+ ions quantitatively by analysis of the ratios with detection limits as low as 0.050, 0.41, and 0.12 ppm, respectively. Clearly, such a self-referencing trichromatic probe can maximize the output information and significantly enhance the detection selectivity and sensitivity via multi-dimensional sensing, and has great potentials for practical applications., (© 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Objective: To prepare Vero cell-adapted influenza H5N1 virus strain by Genetic Reassortment and produce influenza H5N1 vaccine using Vero cell as a substrate., Methods: Embryonated specific pathogen-free (SPF) hen's eggs and Vero cells were co-infected with Vero cell-adapted influenza virus A/Yunnan/1/2005 Va(H3N2) and A/Anhui/1/2005 (H5N1) via reverse genetics. The reassortant was screened with goat antibody against strain A/Yunnan/1/2005 Va(H3N2) and identified for subtype by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assays and gene analysis of HA and NA., Results: A Vero cell-adapted influenza H5N1 virus strain was obtained, and there was no significant difference in serum antibody titers of monovalent inactivated vaccine reassorted before and after (F = 0.857, P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The Vero cell-adapted influenza virus of epidemic strain may be reassortment between Vero cell-adapted and epidemic strains.

Objective: To establish a method for the content determination of protein in Sabin IPV., Methods: Using lowry method combined with being precipitated by trichloroacetic acid to determine the content of protein in Sabin IPV. Changing different conditions to optimize the experiment to establish a improved lowry method. And the sample recovery test was also conducted., Results: The method can exclude the interference of free aminoacid, phenols and some other additives. The calibration curve was in good linearity of protein within the range of 2.5 microg/ml-40 Microg/ml, r = 0.9998. Under the best conditions, the mean recovery was 95.32%, the CV in a batch and between batches were both < 10%., Conclusion: The method can be used to determine the micro content of protein in vaccines.