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Two chemosensors with large hexaazatriphenylene-pyrene chromophores were designed and synthesized. Both of them exhibit a selective fluorescence quenching response to Hg2+ in aqueous acetonitrile solution, and their detection limits are lower than the toxic level of Hg2+. Additionally, these compounds were successfully used for test paper detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effects of intermaxillary factors and distraction frequency on rapid teeth movement through reducing resistance and distraction by establishing experimental animal models. Methods Twelve Beagle dogs were equally divided into two groups randomly. One group was randomly operated on with different treatments in the maxillary: distraction twice a day through reducing resistance, distraction six times a day through reducing resistance, and conventional distraction. Each treatment was carried out on 4 sides. The other group underwent the same operation in the mandible. Distance of teeth transportation, pulp vitality, tooth mobility and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were evaluated at two time points: 15 days after distraction and 30 days after distraction. Results After 15 days of distraction, the distance of teeth transportation had no significant difference for intermaxillary discrepancy with frequencies of 2q·d-1 and 6q·d-1 through reducing resistance and distraction (P>0.05), and the speed of movement was significantly higher than that of conventional distraction without obvious side effects (P<0.05). Conclusion Teeth can be moved rapidly through reducing resistance and distraction in the maxillary and the mandible, and distraction with high frequency is more beneficial to physiological reconstruction of teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A catalytic asymmetric 1,3-acyloxy shift/polyene cyclization cascade has been achieved with good enantioselectivities under the catalysis of the chiral Au(I) reagent. The synthetic utility of this method has been showcased by the catalytic asymmetric total syntheses of (+)-2-ketoferruginol, (+)-fleuryinol B, and (+)-salviol. Notably, the first enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-erythroxylisin A has also been realized in 15 steps.

Background: Calcium dobesilate (CaD) is a microvascular protective agent that can significantly improve kidney function by reducing urinary protein, serum creatinine, and urea nitrogen levels. The effects of CaD on ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) were investigated in this study., Method: In this study, The Balb/c mice were randomly divided into (1) sham group, (2) I/R group, (3) I/R group + CaD (50 mg/kg) and (4) I/R group + CaD (500 mg/kg). After treatment, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were detected. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were examined. Then, the effects of CaD H2O2-damaged HK-2 cells were investigated, as reflected by the results of cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, apoptosis and markers of kidney injury., Results: The results showed that CaD treatment effectively attenuated the renal functions, pathological changes, and oxidative stress in I/R-induced AKI mice. It effectively reduced ROS production and improved MMP and apoptosis in H2O2-damaged HK-2 cells. The increased expression of apoptosis-related proteins and kidney injury biomarkers were significantly ameliorated after CaD treatment., Conclusion: Overall, CaD effectively ameliorated renal injury by eliminating ROS and demonstrated in vivo and in vitro for I/R-induced AKI. CaD has been shown to be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of I/R-induced AKI., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are adult stem cells in the testis of male animals and have the ability in self-renewal and differentiation. SSCs are derived from primordial germ cells (PGCs) that are mitotically arrested in the embryo before birth. Following the birth of the animal, PGCs resume mitosis and migrate from the centre of the seminiferous tubules to the basement membrane. The descendent of PGCs (also called gonocytes) establish stable SSC colonies in about a week postnatally in order to support the life-long spermatogenesis. Whether SSCs at different developmental stages differ in their molecular and cellular characteristics is currently unclear. In the presented study, we conducted bioinformatics analyses using transcriptomics data established previously in the laboratory on OCT4 (encoded by the pluripotent gene Pou5f1) expressing SSCs from the neonatal (3 days-post-partum, 3-dpp), juvenile (7-dpp) and adult (2~3-month) mice, including screen of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of DEGs and clustering of sub-networks from PPI. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analyses were also performed on clustered sub-networks of the PPI. In addition, all genes were analyzed using GSEA (gene set enrichment analysis) based on GO, KEGG and HALLMARK gene sets. The results showed that SSCs have a large number of DEGs among OCT4-positive SSCs from neonatal, juvenile and adult mice. The distinguishable biological functions encoded by these DEGs include biosynthesis and energy metabolism, immune response, cell junction and expression of migration and cell differentiation-related genes. Significant changes in the cell membrane composition of OCT4-positive SSCs may not only cause hypersensitive immune reactions but also affect the cell-cell contact and responses to secreted cytokines in the extracellular environment. The results also suggest that OCT4-positive SSCs may shift metabolic state from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and significantly reduce the transcription of genes related to ribosome formation during aging. These results provide new clues for future research on the regulatory mechanisms of male germline stem cell development, growth and aging.

Purpose: To investigate the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in periodontal tissue reconstruction during rapid teeth movement through reducing resistance and distraction., Methods: Twenty Beagle dogs were randomly divided into five groups according to time points: distraction for 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, retaining 10 days after distraction for 15 days, and retaining 90 days after distraction for 15 days. The mandibular first premolar was moved by using reducing resistance and distraction (experimental group) or conventional distraction (control group) randomly. For each group, tooth movement distance was measured and first premolar periodontal tissue pieces were obtained in scheduled time. Hematoxylin-eosin stain, Picric acid-Sirius red, and immunohistochemistry were performed. The data was analyzed by using SPSS 18.0 software package., Results: The speed of tooth movement and periodontal reconstruction of the experimental group were significantly faster than the control group. TGF-β1 positive expression in two groups had similar distribution area, and reached peak at most active stage of osteogenesis in both groups. But in different stages of distraction, the positive expression in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05)., Conclusions: Compared with conventional orthodontic method, reducing resistance and distraction can obviously increase the expression of TGF-β1 of tension side of the distracted tooth, and accelerate periodontal tissue reconstruction.