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[Objective] The carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry, as the ecological indicators, were investigated to interpret the nutrient cycle between each ingredient in karst area,as well as to illuminate the stability of karst e-cosystem. [Method ] Surface soil samples from summit of hill, hillside to the foot of a karst hill were collected respectively in secondary forest of karst area. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN)and total phosphorus (TP were tested to reveal the soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry in different karst landforms. [Result] The contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus range from 28.09 to 189.98 g/kg, 1.19 to 8.79 g/kg, and 0.50 to 1.62 g/kg respectively.The content of P in soil was stable, and the variation of C and N was similar. Soil C1N ratio ranges from 3.66 to 47.27, C1P ratio ranges from 26.25 to 189.06 and N1P ratio ranges from 1.52 to 12.80. C/N and C/P were not normal distribution, while N/P was normal distribution (P>0.05). The contents of SOC and TN were the highest at the foot of the mountain and have a significant difference with that of hillside and peak of the mountain (P<0.05 ,the same below). The content of TP at the peak was significantly higher than that of the foot of the mountain and hillside. The C/N increases with the increase of altitude, while the trend of N/P and C/P was the opposite, that was, with the increase of the altitude, N/P and C/P was gradually smaller. And there were significant differences between different landforms. Between two of SOC ,TN and TP, there was extremely significant positive correlation(P<0.01, the same below).The relationship between C/N and C/P wasex-tremely significantpositive correlation, and between C/N and N/P was extremely significant negative correlation, whilethe relationship between C/P and N/P was extremely significant positive correlation. [Conclusion] The contents of soil organic matter is higher than that of other soils in the same climate condition. The total contents of both nitrogen and phosphorus are rich, but from the stoichiometry, the available contents of them are low. And the soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoi-chiometryis influenced by the landforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of 2-amino-4-aryl-3-carbalkoxy-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tertrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives was carried out in 81–98% yields by one-pot condensation of aromatic aldehydes with cyanoacetic esters and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione catalyzed by KF/basic Al2O3 at room temperature under ultrasound irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The case of Crohn's disease involving the duodenum is rare, and its surgical management requires a thorough understanding., Aim: To investigate the surgical management of duodenal Crohn's disease., Methods: We systematically reviewed patients diagnosed with duodenal Crohn's disease who underwent surgery in the Department of Geriatrics Surgery of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 1, 2004, to August 31, 2022. The general information, surgical procedures, prognosis, and other information of these patients were collected and summarized., Results: A total of 16 patients were diagnosed with duodenal Crohn's disease, where 6 cases had primary duodenal Crohn's disease, and 10 had secondary duodenal Crohn's disease. Among patients with primary disease, 5 underwent duodenal bypass and gastrojejunostomy, and 1 received pancreaticoduodenectomy. Among those with a secondary disease, 6 underwent closure of duodenal defect and colectomy, 3 received duodenal lesion exclusion and right hemicolectomy, and 1 underwent duodenal lesion exclusion and double-lumen ileostomy., Conclusion: Crohn's disease involving the duodenum is a rare condition. Different surgical management should be applied for patients with Crohn's disease presenting with different clinical manifestations., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Although mechanical ventilation (MV) is indispensable to life-support therapy in critically ill patients, it may promote or aggravatelunginjury known asventilator-inducedlunginjury(VILI). 6-Gingerol is the principal ingredient of ginger with potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in various diseases. Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of 6-gingerol in the process of VILI has not been explicitly investigated. In the study, we found that pre-treatment with 6-gingerol significantly improved the histological changes and pulmonary oedema, inhibited neutrophil accumulation and the release of early pro-inflammatory cytokines and MPO, and reduced oxidative stress reactions after high MV. Moreover, 6-gingerol treatment also increased PPARγ expression and decreased NF-κB activation in rats subjected to high MV. Furthermore, GW9662, a specific PPARγ inhibitor, was demonstrated to activatethe NF-κB pathway and cancele the protective role of 6-gingerol in VILI. This indicates that 6-gingerol exerted anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress effects in VILI by activating PPARγ and inhibiting the NF-κBsignalling pathway., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: This study aimed to validate the newly proposed American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) pathological prognostic staging system for young breast cancer patients (aged ≤40 years)., Results: We included 12811 women in this study. Overall, 52.8% of patients in the 7 th AJCC stages were restaged to the 8 th AJCC pathological staging system, including 10.7% upstaged and 42.1% downstaged. The receiver operating characteristics analysis showed that the new staging system had a better role in predicting breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) compared with 7 th edition staging (P<0.001). The results of the multivariate prognostic analysis showed that the hazard ratio of BCSS increased with the 8 th AJCC stages, while the 7 th anatomic stages had no significant difference in BCSS., Conclusions: The novel pathological staging system could provide more accurate prognostic stratification for young women with breast cancer because of the high proportion of stage migration., Patients and Methods: Data for young breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2014 were included from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Chi-squared test, Kaplan-Meier method, receiver operating characteristics curve, and Cox proportional hazard analysis were applied to statistical analysis.