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An aerogel thermal insulation plate has been successfully prepared by using a polystyrene plastic plate with honeycomb structure as a supporting framework. The thermal conductivity of aerogel honeycomb panel was measured by steady state method and its thermal performance was tested by thermal insulation experiment. Based on the steady-state heat transfer process, a simplified model of series-parallel thermal resistance was established, and the thermal conductivity of the aerogel honeycomb plate varying with the filling rate was calculated, the comparison error with the measured value is within 5%. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the aerogel honeycomb plate can be reduced by 19.6% to 27.6% compared with the XPS plate, and its thermal performance is better than the traditional XPS plate. In the future, the aerogel honeycomb plate can be applied to the thermal insulation of light and fast barracks and other buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]