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Aiming at the problem that the dynamic window approach (DWA) has low planning efficiency and it is difficult to avoid fast-moving obstacles, an improved adaptive DWA based on risk degree function is proposed in this paper. The risk function is designed and introduced into the evaluation function of the traditional DWA to evaluate the risk of collision between dynamic obstacles and the robot, so that the robot can effectively avoid faster obstacles. Then, according to the fuzzy control principle, the adaptive weight coefficient is designed to improve the evaluation function, so that the mobile robot can move to the target point more efficiently. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional DWA, the adaptive DWA based on risk degree function reduces the time of completing the planning task by about 8%, and the path length after the completion of the planning by about 8%, it indicates that the improved algorithm has higher efficiency. After 50 repeated experiments, using the adaptive DWA based on risk degree function successfully avoids all obstacles to complete the planning task, which shows that this algorithm has higher security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulating the structural and interfacial properties of transition metal phosphides (TMPs) by coupling carbon-based materials with large surface areas to enhance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance presents significant progress for water splitting technology. Herein, we constructed a composite substrate of a three-dimensional porous graphene oxide matrix (3D-GO) embedded in nickel foam (NF) to grow a Co2P electrocatalyst. Well-defined gladiolus-like Co2P nanowire arrays tightly anchored on the substrate show enhanced electrochemical characteristics for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) based on the promoting roles of 3D porous reduced GO (3D-rGO) derived from 3D-GO, which promotes the dispersion of active components, improves the rate of electron transfer, and facilitates the transport of water molecules. As a result, the obtained Co2P@3D-rGO/NF electrode exhibits superior HER activity in 1.0 M KOH media, achieving overpotentials of 36.5 and 264.7 mV at current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. The electrode also has a low Tafel slope of 55.5 mV dec−1, a large electrochemical surface area, and small charge-transfer resistance, further revealing its mechanism of high intrinsic activity. Moreover, the electrode exhibits excellent HER stability and durability without surface morphology and chemical state changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) usually exhibit typical behaviours and thoughts that are called autistic traits. Autistic traits are widely and continuously distributed among typically developed (TD) and ASD populations. Previous studies have found that people with ASD have difficulty in following the eye gaze of social peers. However, it remains unknown whether TD adults with high or low autistic traits also differ in spontaneous gaze following and initiation in face‐to‐face social interactions. To fill this gap, this study used a novel and naturalistic gaze‐cueing paradigm to examine this research question. Design: A 4 (group: high‐high, high‐low, low‐high or low‐low autistic traits) × 3 (congruency: congruent, neutral, or incongruent) mixed‐measures design was used. Methods: Typically developed adults who were high or low in autistic traits completed a visual search task while a confederate who was high or low in autistic traits sat facing them. Critically, the match of autistic traits within a participant–confederate pair was manipulated. The confederate gazed at (congruent) or away from (incongruent) the location of the target prior to the appearance of the target. Participants were not explicitly instructed to follow the confederate's gaze. Results: Autistic traits were associated with spontaneous gaze following and initiation in face‐to‐face social interactions. Specifically, only when both the participant and confederate were low in autistic traits did the incongruent gaze cues of confederates interfere with the participants' responses. Conclusions: Autistic traits impeded gaze following and initiation by TD adults. This study has theoretical and practical implications regarding autistic trait‐induced social deficits and indicates a new approach for social skill interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]