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Atropisomerism, an expression of axial chirality caused by limited bond rotation, is a prominent aspect within the field of medicinal chemistry. It has been shown that atropisomers of a wide range of compounds, including established FDA‐approved drugs and experimental molecules, display markedly different biological activities. The time‐dependent reversal of chirality in atropisomers poses complexity and obstacles in the process of drug discovery and development. Nonetheless, recent progress in understanding atropisomerism and enhanced characterization methods have greatly assisted medicinal chemists in the effective development of atropisomeric drug molecules. This article provides a comprehensive review of their special design thoughts, synthetic routes, and biological activities, serving as a reference for the synthesis and biological evaluation of bioactive atropisomers in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrosynthesis of valuable chemical feedstocks and fuels through the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides a promising approach to solve the global warming problem and the energy crisis. Numerous studies have been devoted to developing electrocatalysts; however, few studies focus on Pb actives sites as well as the defect engineering of active sites. Herein, an O vacancy-rich PbCO3 electrocatalyst (O-PbCO3) derived Pb2(OH)2(CH3COO)2 precatalyst is reported. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results prove the existence of O vacancies while the X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) results reveal the distorted structure of the O-PbCO3. Electrochemical measurements of the O-PbCO3 sample exhibit a remarkable selectivity and activity towards formate of over 90% in a wide range of current densities of 50 to 400 mA cm−2. Further in situ surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) characterization indicates that the O vacancies can optimize the adsorption of the *HCOO intermediate for enhanced CO2RR performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the majority of the population will be protected due to the advent and widespread use of the HPV vaccine, the treatment of cervical cancer for all causes, including HPV-negative cervical cancer, is still worthy of further research. The focal point of this study was Canadine's inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in cervical cancer. Immunoblotting, wound healing and tumor invasion experiments showed that low concentration of Canadine could inhibit the EMT process, proliferation and migration of HT-3 cells (HPV-negative cell line). Combined with GEO database, it was found that the expression levels of several genes highly expressed in cervical tumor tissues could be inhibited by Canadine, especially MAGEA3. Further experiments confirmed that the inhibition of Canadine on MAGEA3 protein increased with time. The small interference and overexpression plasmid of MAGEA3 were designed and verified. In HT-3 cells, when MAGEA3 levels were directly decreased, mesenchymal phenotypic markers were decreased and epithelial phenotypic markers were increased. The opposite result was obtained by overexpression of MAGEA3. In addition, the inhibition of EMT due to the reduction of endogenous MAGEA3 by Canadine was also offset by the overexpression of exogenous MAGEA3. The study concludes that Canadine inhibits EMT of cervical cancer by inhibiting MAGEA3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azomethine imines, as a prominent class of 1,3‐dipolar species, hold great significance and potential in organic and medicinal chemistry. However, the reported synthesis of centrally chiral azomethine imines relies on kinetic resolution, and the construction of axially chiral azomethine imines remains unexplored. Herein, we present the synthesis of axially chiral azomethine imines through copper‐ or chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed ring‐closure reactions of N′‐(2‐alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazides, showcasing high efficiency, mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and excellent enantioselectivity. Furthermore, the biological evaluation revealed that the synthesized axially chiral azomethine imines effectively protect dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons by inhibiting apoptosis induced by oxaliplatin, offering a promising therapeutic approach for chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Remarkably, the (S)‐ and (R)‐atropisomers displayed distinct neuroprotective activities, underscoring the significance of axial stereochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MIBS is a lightweight block cipher proposed by Izadi et al. in 2009, which has two variants: MIBS-64 and MIBS-80. In 2019, Chen et al. performed a key recovery attack on 15-round MIBS-64 based on a 13-round Rectangle distinguisher, and the time, data, and memory complexity (T;D;M) of the attack equal (259; 245; 245). Based on Chen et al.'s attack, this paper further investigates the ability of MIBS-64 to resist Rectangle and Boomerang attacks. By exploiting the fact that differences propagate through a linear layer deterministically, the time complexity of the 15-round Rectangle attack can be reduced from 259 to 247. In order to make a deeper analysis of MIBS, this paper adopts the new key recovery algorithms recently proposed by Song et al. for Boomerang attacks, and then constructs key recovery attacks on 15 and 16 rounds of MIBS whose complexities are (238; 237; 236) and (260; 260; 230) respectively. The results of this paper updates the cryptanalysis results of MIBS-64 under Boomerang and Rectangle attacks, proposes the first 16-round attack on MIBS-64. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]