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Based on literature survey and critical observations on herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, the variation in the presence or absence of filiform, tuberiferous stolons, shape and division degree of leaflets of basal leaves, shape, vein number and hairiness of sepals, presence or absence of nectary scale of petals, length of styles and shape of carpels are clarified for Ranunculus ternatus (Ranunculaceae), a polymorphic eastern Asian species very widely distributed in central and southeastern China. Ranunculus huainingensis and R. lujiangensis, both described from Anhui province in China, are revealed to lie within the variation range of R. ternatus. We therefore place both R. huainingensis and R. lujiangensis in synonymy with R. ternatus herein.

Critical observations on herbarium specimens and studies of living plants in the wild and in cultivation demonstrate that plants of Thalictrum fortunei with bulbils borne in leaf axils do not deserve recognition as an independent variety, i.e. T. fortunei var. bulbiliferum, with bulbils frequently occurring in late flowering and fruiting plants of this species. We therefore reduce T. fortunei var. bulbiliferum to the synonymy of T. fortunei. The description of hairiness is added for this species, which has been previously described as glabrous throughout. Morphological and geographical confusion involving T. fargesii and T. fortunei is also clarified.

Based on critical observations on both herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that Thalictrum cuonaense (Ranunculaceae), described from Cona county in southern Xizang (Tibet), China, is conspecific with T. reniforme, an elegant Himalayan species widely distributed in Bhutan, China (southern Xizang), northeastern India (Sikkim), and Nepal. We therefore reduce T. cuonaense to the synonymy of T. reniforme herein. Lectotypification is proposed for T. reniforme. Taxonomic notes are provided for another two distinctive Himalayan species, T. chelidonii and T. neurocarpum, to clarify their identification confusion with T. reniforme. The identity of T. tamurae, described from central-western Myanmar, is also discussed.

Delphinium kamaonense Huth (1893: 333). Figs.1, 3–11. Type:— INDIA. Uttarakhand: Kamaon (Kumaun), Nipshany Valley in Darma, 4300–4600 m, 31 August 1884, J.F. Duthie 2675 [probably G, E!, K!; see Munz (1967) and Yuan & Yang (2017)]. = Delphinium sordidecaerulescens Ulbrlich (1935: 358). D. tatsienense f. sordidecaerulescens (Ulbrlich) Handel-Mazzetti (1939: 61). Type:— CHINA. Sichuan: Songpan, Huang-chen-kuan (= Huang-sheng-guan), in prato herboso, alt. ca. 3400 m, 19 August 1922, H. Smith 3983 (holotype UPS!). = Delphinium pseudograndiflorum Wang (1962: 275). Type:— CHINA. Sichuan: Heishui, grassland at mountain top, alt. 3300 m, 16 August 1957, X. Li 74016 (holotype PE!, isotypes NAS!, SZ!). = Delphinium pseudograndiflorum var. glabrescens Wang (1962: 275). D. kamaonense var. glabrescens (Wang) Wang (1979a: 449). Type:— CHINA. Xizang: Zayu, alt. 3200 m, 24 July 1960, G.C. Xia & K.T. Mi 336 (holotype IDM!). = Delphinium pseudograndiflorum var. lobatum Wang (1962: 275). Type:— CHINA. Xizang: Qamdo, 11 August 1951, Y.W. Tsui 5224 (holotype PE!). = Delphinium obcordatilimbum Wang (1979b: 616). Type:— CHINA. Xizang: Riwoqe, alt. 3850 m, 21 July 1976, Qinghai-Xizang Veg. Exped. 9213 (holotype PE!, isotype PE!). = Delphinium latilimbum Wang (2020: 124), syn. nov. Type:— CHINA. Xizang: Cona, on the way from Marmang town to Cona county town, slopes, alt. 3449–4414 m, PE Xizang Exped. 6429 (holotype PE!, isotype PE!). Fig. 1. Description:—Perennial herbs. Rootstock digitate, somewhat tuber-like when fresh, ca. 3.5 cm long, thickened to ca. 5 mm in diameter. Stems solitary, simple or branched distally, 5–50 cm tall, proximally sparsely retrosely and somewhat spreading white puberulent, subglabrous or very sparsely spreading puberulent elsewhere. Basal and proximal leaves more or less rosulate, long petiolate; petioles 5–12 cm long, proximally sparsely somewhat spreading white puberulent; blades sparsely puberulent with very short appressed hairs on adaxial surface, sparsely puberulent with longer hairs along veins on abaxial surface and along margins, orbicular-reniform or orbicular-pentagonal, 2–6.5 cm long, 2.5–6.5 cm broad, deeply 5-lobed, lobes further divided into narrowly oblong segments 1–4 mm broad, obtuse or acute; cauline leaves few to several, petiolate; blades orbicular, finely dissected into linear or narrowly linear segments 1–3 mm broad or less. Inflorescence simple or compound racemes, rachis flexuous, very sparsely somewhat spreading puberulent or subglabrous, few- to several-flowered; proximal bracts leaflike, distal ones narrowly linear or subulate, ciliate; pedicels ascending to more or less divaricate, densely puberulent distally, subglabrous elsewhere; bracteoles borne in upper part of pedicels, subulate, 4–6.5 mm long, ciliate. Sepals deep blue or purplish, elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 1.1–1.8 cm long, appressed puberulent outside, spur subulate, straight or slightly curved upward, longer than sepals, 2–2.2 cm long. Petals glabrous, nearly rounded at apex. Staminodes blue, obovate, 2-lobed, ciliate, ventrally yellowish barbate; claws ca. 4.5 mm long. Stamens glabrous or sparsely puberulent. Carpels 3; ovaries densely puberulent. Follicles densely puberulent. Distribution and habitat:— Delphinium kamaonense is widely distributed in China (Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang), northwestern India, and Nepal (Fig. 12). It often grows on open grassy slopes or in scrubs at altitudes of 2800–4800 m. Phenology:—Flowering from July to September; fruiting from September to October.. Additional specimens examined: CHINA. Gansu: Hezuo, X. Yin et al. LiuJQ-GN-2011-219 (KUN); Jone, W.Y. Hsia 8381 (WUK), T.P. Wang 5572 (PE, WUK); Luqu, Tao River Exped. 427 (KUN); Maqu, X. Yin et al. LiuJQ-GN-2011-218 (KUN); Xiahe, K.T. Fu 1486 (IBSC, PE, WUK), W. Qi LJQ-2008-GN-365 (KUN), Tao River Exped. 041 (KUN), Q.R. Wang & M.S. Yan 10643 (PE), Q.R. Wang & M.S. Yan 10738 (PE); Tewo, J.F. Rock 13178 (NAS, PE), J.F. Rock 14594 (NAS). Qinghai: Chindu, Anonymous 726 (PE), T.N. Ho et al. 1720 (BM), S.W. Liu 00494 (PE), S.W. Liu 2463 (HNWP), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 419 (PE); Henan, S.W. Liu 1934 (HNWP); Jigzhi, D.E. Boufford et al. 39466 (PE), Xizang Med. Pl. Exped. 632 (HNWP); Maqen, T.N. Ho et al. 437 (HNWP), Y.H. Wu 4633 (HNWP); Nangqen, S.L. Chen et al. Chensl0681 (KUN), S.L. Chen et al. Chensl0701 (KUN), X.C. Chen & S. Xiao 7199 (HNWP), X.C. Chen & S. Xiao 7246 (HNWP), X.C. Chen & S. Xiao 7887 (HNWP), X.C. Chen & S. Xiao 8191 (HNWP), X.C. Chen & S. Xiao 8303 (HNWP), X.C. Chen & S. Xiao 8315 (HNWP), X.C. Chen & S. Xiao 8376 (HNWP), P.C. Kuo & W.Y. Wang 8385 (HNWP), Z.D. Wei 21913 (HNWP), Z.D. Wei 22089 (HNWP), Xizang Med. Pl. Exped. 1038 (HNWP, PE), Xizang Med. Pl. Exped. 1188 (PE), B.Q. Xu et al. Xianh0072 (KUN), Y.C. Yang 1189 (HNWP, PE,WUK); Qumarleb, S.L. Chen et al. Chensl0799 (KUN); Tongde, Y.H. Wu 5372 (HNWP); Tongren, P.C. Kuo 25892 (HNWP), S.W. Liu 3561 (HNWP), Q.E. Yang 9516 (PE); Yushu, Anonymous 388 (HNWP, PE, WUK), X.C. Chen & S. Xiao 7167 (HNWP), T.N. Ho et al. 1972 (BM, PE), T.N. Ho et al. 2044 (BM, PE), T.N. Ho et al. 2264 (E), T.N. Ho et al. 2488 (BM, E), B. Ren 014 (PE), B. Ren 033 (PE), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 428 (PE), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 431 (PE); Zadoi, S.L. Chen et al. Chensl0714 (HNWP, KUN), S.L. Chen et al. Chensl0758 (HNWP, KUN); Zekog, S.L. Chen et al. Chensl0932 (KUN), L.H. Zhou & L.L. Sun 1640 (HNWP). Sichuan: Aba, D.E. Boufford et al. 39432 (PE), X. Li 72042 (IBSC, NAS, PE); Baiyu, Anonymous 0134 (SM), D.E. Boufford et al. 37004 (PE), H.Y. Li 139 (PE), Z.X. Tang et al. 770 (PE), H.S. Ye s.n. (PE); Barkam, Z.B. Feng 960318 (WCSBG), X. Li 71757 (IBSC, NAS, PE), X. Li 72254 (IBSC, NAS, PE), Sichuan Med. Pl. Resour. Exped. 22806 (NAS), Sichuan Veg. Exped. 9528 (CDBI, IBSC, PE); Batang, Anonymous 1545 (PE), Anonymous 1667 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 35550 (PE), K.Y. Lang et al. 2392 (KUN, PE), K. Yao 891 (NAS); Danba, Anonymous 257 (SM); Dawu, Anonymous 5689 (CDBI, PE), Anonymous 5789 (PE), Anonymous 5871 (CDBI, PE), Anonymous 15758 (SM), W.K. Hu & C. Ho 10877 (HGAS, PE), W.K. Hu & C. Ho 10905 (HGAS, PE), S. Jiang et al. 9601 (PE), Sichuan Med. Pl. Resour. Exped. 15758 (NAS), L. Wang et al. 2338 (IBSC); Dege, D.E. Boufford et al. 36400 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 36421 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 36700 (PE), Dege Exped. 0510 (SM), Dege Exped. 0636 (SM), S.X. Jia s.n. (PE), S.X. Jia 133 (PE), Sichuan Veg. Exped. 7345 (PE), Z.X. Tang et al. 609 (PE), Y.W. Tsui 5030 (PE); Derong, X.W. Tian 095 (PE); Garze, D.E. Boufford et al. 36332 (PE), W.K. Hu 13106 (PE), S. Jiang et al. 9601 (PE), Sichuan Med. Pl. Resour. Exped. 15145 (NAS), Y.W. Tsui 4942 (PE), T.S. Ying 4545 (PE); Heishui, X. Li 73446 (PE), X. Li 73654 (IBSC, NAS, PE); Hongyuan, Anonymous 23636 (NAS, PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 40023 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 40051 (PE), S.Y. Chen et al. 5543 (SM), X. Li 2153 (NAS, PE), X. Li 72086 (IBSC, NAS, PE), X. Li 72101 (IBSC, PE), B.C. Ni 00284 (CDBI), Sichuan Med. Pl. Resour. Exped. 20655 (NAS), Y.C. Tang et al. 20 (NAS, PE), Z.X. Tang 1710 (PE), Z.X. Tang 1778 (PE), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 307 (PE), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 310 (PE), K. Yao 610 (NAS), Q.S. Zhao 0261 (BM, P, PE), D. Zhou & W.Y. Wu B1 (PE), P. Zhuang et al. 2004099 (WCSBG); Jiuzhaigou, Anonymous 0880 (SM), Anonymous 1099 (SM), Sichuan Econ. Pl. Exped. 4114 (CDBI), Q.E. Yang 92020 (PE); Kangding, W.K. Hu 13106 (PE), Kunming & Edinburgh Sichuan Exped. 56 (E), J.A. Soulié 2389 (P), J.A. Soulié 2389a (P), C. Wang s.n. (BNU), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 260 (PE); Litang, D.E. Boufford et al. 42258 (PE), Hengduan Shan Veg. Exped. 4954 (PE), Kunming & Edinburgh Sichuan Exped. 161 (E), L. Wang et al. 3965 (IBSC); Lixian, Anonymous 33576 (PE), D.P. He 45697 (HNWP, WUK), D.P. He 45823 (HNWP, IBSC, WUK), D.P. He 46060 (HGAS), E.L. Liu 9 (PE), Y. Luo 328 (PE), Y. Luo 331 (PE), Q.S. Zhao 1241 (PE); Luhuo, D.E. Boufford et al. 33496 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 34250 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 34743 (PE), X.L. Guo & Q.P. Jiang 02037521 (SZ), X.L. Guo & Q.P. Jiang 02037522 (SZ), X.L. Guo & Q.P. Jiang 02037523 (SZ), X.L. Guo & Q.P. Jiang 02037524 (SZ), X.L. Guo & Q.P. Jiang 02037525 (SZ), X.L. Guo & Q.P. Jiang 02037526 (SZ), X.L. Guo & Q.P. Jiang 02037527 (SZ), X.L. Guo & Q.P. Jiang 02037528 (SZ); Pingwu, L.M. Lu 2008355 (PE); Sertar, D.E. Boufford et al. 34568 (PE), J.H. Feng 06708 (CDBI, PE); Serxu, X.H. Hu 28363 (CDBI), Serxu Exped. 0113 (SM), L. Wang et al. 4066 (IBSC); Songpan, Anonymous 9528 (CDBI), T.G. Elumeeva 2539 (MW), X.M. Gao M113 (WCSBG), Sichuan Econ. Pl. Exped. 4114 (CDBI), X.N. Tang 01013 (CDBI), X.N. Tang 00758 (CDBI), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 310 (PE), Y.B. Yang 0758 (CDBI); Tianquan, H.L. Tsiang 173 (IBSC, NAS, PE); Xiaojin, S.S. Chang & Y.X. Ren 6039 (PE), S.S. Chang & Y.X. Ren 6259 (CDBI), S.S. Chang & Y.X. Ren 646 2 (CDBI, PE), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 292 (PE), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 296 (BM, PE); Xiangcheng, Anonymous 0764 (SM); Xinlong, Anonymous 629 (SM), Q.W. Meng & H.Y. Xie s.n. (PE), L. Wang et al. 3987 (IBSC); Yanyuan, Yanyuan Exped. 577 (SM); Zamtang, D.E. Boufford et al. 38916 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 39038 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 39084 (PE); Zoige, Anonymous 0082 (SM), Anonymous 10276 (PE), Anonymous 20104 (SM), Anonymous 20395 (SM), D.E. Boufford et al. 39954 (PE), G.C. Chen et al. 1331 (HNWP), S.Y. Chen et al. 5840 (SM), X.Q. Li 0317 (CDBI), Sichuan Med. Pl. Resour. Exped. 20104 (NAS), Sichuan Med. Pl. Resour. Exped. 20395 (NAS), D.H. Zhu et al. 4604 (PE, WCSBG), D.H. Zhu et al. 4628 (PE, WCSBG). Xizang: Baqen, D.E. Boufford et al. 29985 (PE), D.D. Tao 11076 (KUN, PE); Baxoi, Anonymous 929 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 29694 (PE), C.C. Ni et al. 1255 (PE, XZ), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 73-1166 (PE), Z.J. Ren s.n. (PE), L. Wang et al. 3329 (IBSC), L. Wang et al. 3383 (IBSC); Bomi, Anonymous 518 (KUN), Biol. Inst. Xizang Exped. 685 (HNWP), Biol. Inst. Xizang Exped. 710 (HNWP), Y.T. Chang & K.Y. Lang 323 (PE), Y.T. Chang & K.Y. Lang 328 (PE), Y.T. Chang & K.Y. Lang 463 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 73-126 (KUN, PE), Z.J. Ren 799 (PE), L. Xie BM11 (PE), T.S. Ying & D.Y. Hong 650356 (PE), T.S. Ying & D.Y. Hong 651114 (PE), J.W. Zhang 1735 (PE); Burang, Biol. Inst. Xizang Exped. 3889 (HNWP), Biol. Inst. Xizang Exped. 4038 (HNWP, PE), J.H. Chen et al. Yangyp-Q-0030 (KUN), FLPH Tibet Exped. 12-0099 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 13009 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 13279 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 76-116 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 76-8240 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 76-8488 (PE); Chagyab, Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 12340 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 13003 (PE), L. Wang et al. 2407 (IBSC); Cona, Y.S. Chen et al. 13-0913 (PE), P.C. Kuo & W.Y. Wang 22822 (NAS), F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 845 (BM), PE Xizang Exped. 6501 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Veg. Exped. 2359 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Suppl. Exped. 751714 (KUN, PE), Qinghai-Xizang Suppl. Exped. 751795 (KUN, PE), L. Wang et al. 3166 (IBSC); Dengqen, J.S. Yang 91 (PE), J.S. Yang 91-823 (KUN, PE); Gongbo’gyamda, Anonymous 0866 (XZ), Y.T. Chang & K.Y. Lang 2745 (PE), X.C. Chen et al. 5894 (XZ), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 7761 (PE), J.S. Yang 89-058 (IBSC, KUN) J.S. Yang 89-059 (PE), J.S. Yang 90- 314 (PE), J.S. Yang 90-642 (IBSC, KUN), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 503 (PE), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 506 (PE); Gyirong, Y.S. Chen et al. 288 (PE), S. Jiang et al. 283 (PE), B.S. Li et al. 13441 (PE), C. Liu et al. 18CS17492 (KUN), C.C. Ni et al. 2272 (PE, XZ), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 5626 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 5709 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 7041 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 7084 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 7180 (PE), L. Wang et al. 2685 (IBSC), L. Wang et al. 2700 (IBSC), L. Wei & J.C. Hao 15434 (BNU), L. Wei & Y. He BNUXZ2016367 (BNU), Xizang Med. Pl. Exped. 679 (PE), X.W. Zhang et al. Liujq-09xz-lzt-085 (KUN), X.W. Zhang et al. Liujq-09xz-lzt-094 (KUN); Jomda, D.E. Boufford et al. 31231 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 31258 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 31578 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 33840 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 12486 (PE), Y.W. Tsui 5289 (PE), L. Wang et al. 3425 (IBSC), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 463 (PE), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 467 (PE); Lhorong, D.E. Boufford et al. 40902 (KUN), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 8968 (PE); Lhozhag, Y.S. Chen et al. 13-1549 (PE), PE Xizang Exped. 6606 (PE); Lhunze, PE Xizang Exped. 5593 (PE), L. Wang et al. 3011 (IBSC); Mainling, Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 74-3725 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 74- 4629 (PE); Markam, Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 005226 (CDBI, KUN, PE); Nagarze, Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 7694 (PE); Nyalam, FLPH Tibet Exped. 12-0371 (PE), L. Wang et al. 2768 (IBSC), L. Wei & Y. He BNUXZ2016083 (BNU), L. Wei & Y. He BNUXZ2016107 (BNU), L. Wei & J.C. Hao 15272 (BNU), Xizang Med. Pl. Exped. 1685 (HNWP, PE), Xizang Med. Pl. Exped. 1688 (PE); Nyingchi, Anonymous 2193 (PE), Anonymous 2367 (KUN), Y.T. Chang & K.Y. Lang 1223 (PE), Y.T. Chang & K.Y. Lang 953 (PE), J. Luo et al. ML093 (HNWP, KUN, PE), J. Luo & S.L. Wang LiuJQ-08XZ-111 (KUN), PE Xizang Exped. 6875 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Suppl. Exped. 751277 (KUN, PE), Xizang Med. Pl. Exped. 3541 (HNWP, PE), C.Y. Wu et al. 75-1190 (KUN); Qamdo, Biol. Inst. Xizang Exped. 1964 (HNWP), Biol. Inst. Xizang Exped. 2255 (HNWP), Y.T. Chang & K.Y. Lang 2815 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 29552 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 32462 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 32532 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 12619 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 12636 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 73-84 (KUN, PE), T.J. Tong et al. 338 (IBSC), L. Wang et al. 3404 (IBSC), L. Wang et al. 3411 (IBSC), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 475 (PE), X.Y. Zhu & Y.F. Du 20085 (PE); Riwoqe, D.E. Boufford et al. 31833 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 31979 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 40990 (PE), Kham Exped. 10-1460 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 12909 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 12923 (PE), L. Wang et al. 3447 (IBSC), L. Wang et al. 3459 (IBSC), L. Wang et al. 3495 (IBSC), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 478 (PE), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan 479 (PE); Sog, D.D. Tao 10913 (KUN, PE), D.D. Tao 10930 (KUN, PE); Zayu, Biol. Inst. Xizang Exped. 1237 (HNWP), Biol. Inst. Xizang Exped. 1320 (HNWP), FLPH Tibet Exped. 12-1388 (PE), R.F. Huang 480 (HNWP), Inst. Biol. Xizang Exped. 3892 (XZ), X.H. Jin et al. ST2435 (PE), X.H. Jin et al. ST2454 (PE), X.H. Jin et al. ST2539 (PE), X.H. Jin et al. ST2562 (PE), B.S. Li et al. 07233 (PE), C.C. Ni et al. 1030 (PE, XZ), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 73-280 (PE), J.W. Zhang 1737 (PE); Zogang, Anonymous 76-59 (PE), Anonymous 76-591 (PE), L.M. Gao et al. GLM081381 (KUN), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 11005 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 12909 (KUN). INDIA. Uttarakhand: Kumaon, F. Ludlow 775 (E), F. Ludlow 781 (E). NEPAL. Bajhang District, J.E.M. Arnold 12 (BM), J.B. Tyson 95 (BM); Dolpa District, JEST 4-63 (E), T.B. Shrestha 5421 (BM), J.D.A. Stainton 5553 (BM); Gorkha District, H. Ikeda et al. 20811118 (E), H. Ikeda 20811159 (E); Humla District, K.C. Madhu 2 (KATH); Manang District, N.P. Manandhar 9982 (KATH), D.P. Joshi & M.M. Amatya 73/614 (KATH); Mustang District, G. Miehe 250 (BM), M. Mikage et al. 9552514 (KATH), M. Mikage et al. 9967117 (TI), F. Miyamoto et al. 20230154 (KATH, TI), P.R. Shakya et al. 10595 (KATH), T.B. Shrestha & M.S. Bistha 1442 (KATH), T.B. Shrestha & M.S. Bistha 2458 (KATH), M.N. Subedi 210-2001 (KATH), M.N. Subedi 70/2002 (KATH), M.N. Subedi 0040094 (KATH), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 1871 (BM, E), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 1930 (E), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 2026 (BM, E), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 2200 (BM, E), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 2233 (BM, E), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 7216 (BM, E), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 7351 (E), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 7742 (BM, E), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 8035 (BM), J.D.A. Stainton et al. 8142 (BM, E); Rasuwa District, J.F. Dobremez 523 (BM), J.F. Dobremez 1003 (BM), J.F. Dobremez 1005 (KATH), Durham Univ. Himalayan Exped. 237 (BM), Durham Univ. Himalayan Exped. 240 (BM), D.G. Long et al. 477 (E), D.H. Nicolson 2183 (BM, KATH), S. Noshino 9194533 (KATH), O. Polunin 1576 (BM, E), J.D.A. Stainton 5172 (BM), J.D.A. Stainton 7267 (BM), J.D.A. Stainton 7420 (E), M.N. Subedi 00400283 (KATH). Notes:—In general aspect, Delphinium kamaonense is closely similar to D. yuanum Chen (1948: 176), a species distributed in northwestern Yunnan, southwestern Sichuan (Daocheng, Xiangcheng) and southeastern Xizang (Zayu), China, but differs by having stems sparsely retrosely and somewhat spreading white puberulent proximally, subglabrous or very sparsely spreading puberulent elsewhere (, Published as part of Yuan, Qiong & Yang, Qin-Er, 2023, Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XXIV): D. latilimbum, recently described from southern Xizang (Tibet), is another new synonym of D. kamaonense, a Sino-Himalayan species, pp. 136-152 in Phytotaxa 600 (3) on pages 140-151, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8080768, {"references":["Huth, E. (1893) Neue Arten der Gattung Delphinium. Bulletin de L'Herbier Boissier 1: 327 - 336.","Munz, P. A. (1967) A synopsis of the Asian species of Delphinium, sensu stricto. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 48: 476 - 545. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 185735","Yuan, Q. & Yang, Q. E. (2017) Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XIV): Two new synonyms of D. kamaonense. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 25: 1 - 10.","Ulbrlich, E. (1935) Ranunculaceae novae vel criticae X. 355 - 359. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 12: 355 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994896","Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1939) Plantae sinensis a Dre. H. Smith annis 1921 - 1922, 1924 et 1934 lectae. XXXIII. Ranunculaceae. Acta Horti Gotoburgensis 13: 37 - 219.","Wang, W. T. (1962) Kriticeskij obzor roda Delphinium iz ljutikovych flory kitaja. Acta Botanica Sinica 10: 264 - 284.","Wang, W. T. (1979 a) Delphinium L. In: Anonymous (Ed.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, vol. 27. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 326 - 462.","Wang, W. T. (1979 b) Addenda. In: Anonymous (Ed.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, vol. 27. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 603 - 621.","Wang, W. T. (2020) A revision of the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) of China (II). Guihaia 40 (suppl.): 1 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.3847 / 1538 - 4365 / aba 190","Chen, F. H. (1948) Contributions to the knowledge of the genus Delphinium of western China. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, n. s., 1: 163 - 183.","Wang, W. T. (1983) Notulae de Ranunculaceis sinensibus (VI). Acta Botanica Yunnanica 5: 153 - 163.","Yuan, Q. & Yang, Q. E. (2015) Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (VII): The identity of D. yanwaense. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 23: 479 - 491.","Hunt, D. R. (1978) Tab. 768, Delphinium coeruleum (Ranunculaceae). Curtis's Botanical Magazine 182 (part 2): 81 - 83.","Jacquemont, V. V. (1844) Voyage dans l'Inde, vol. 4. Firmin Didot Fre`res, Paris, pp. 1 - 56."]}

Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2023): Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XXIV): D. latilimbum, recently described from southern Xizang (Tibet), is another new synonym of D. kamaonense, a Sino-Himalayan species. Phytotaxa 600 (3): 136-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.600.3.2

Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2023): Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XXIII): Reduction of D. conaense to the synonymy of D. bhutanicum, a species newly reported for China. Phytotaxa 599 (5): 291-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.3

Delphinium bhutanicum Munz (1967: 507). Figs. 1–5, 7. Type:— BHUTAN. Trashi Yangtse, Me La, alt. 13000 ft, among scrub jungle, 25 August 1934, F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 887 (holotype BM000570580!, isotype E00168757!). Fig. 1. = Delphinium conaense Wang in Wang & Li (1987: 34), syn. nov. Type:— CHINA. Xizang: Cona, southern slope of Bo Shan, alt. 3400–3500 m, moist places in forest, 10 September 1975, Qinghai-Xizang Supplement. Exped. 75–1959 (holotype PE00026974!, isotype KUN 1203909!). Fig. 3. Description:—Perennial herbs. Rootstock often slightly thickened. Stems erect, slender, ca. 0.5−1 m high, distally laxly branched, more or less retrorsely strigulose throughout, scattered leafy. Lower leaves withered by anthesis; upper leaves 4−10 cm broad, divided almost to base into cuneate-rhombic segments, adaxially finely strigulose, abaxially more or less pubescent especially along the veins; segments 3-lobed about halfway, then lobulate into linear-lanceolate to lanceolate lobules 5−15 mm long, 2−5 mm broad; petioles 10−20 cm long, slightly dilated at base; uppermost leaves much reduced and bractlike. Inflorescence lax, 2- to few-flowered, subcorymbose, strigulose; upper bracts lanceolate, ca. 1 cm long; pedicels 2−5 cm long, suberect, strigulose; bracteoles broadly linear, 4−6 mm long, slightly below the flower. Flowers blue; sepals strigulose abaxially, the upper sepal broadly obovate, 1.5−1.6 cm long, 1.1−1.2 cm broad, subtruncate at apex, spur 1.5−1.6 cm long, ca. 3 mm broad at base, spreading-decurved, lateral sepals oblongobovate, ca. 1.6 cm long, ca. 8 mm broad, rounded at apex, lower sepals slightly shorter and wider; petals blue, lamina somewhat oblique, ca. 9 mm long, ca. 3 mm broad, glabrous, entire at the somewhat rounded tip, spur ca. 1.5 cm long; staminodes obovate, 8−9 mm long, 5−7 mm broad, bifid ca. 3 mm into 2 rounded-oblong lobes, white-bearded, the claw ca. 5 mm long; stamens 5−6 mm long, glabrous; carpels 3, densely pubescent. Follicles densely pubescent. Distribution and habitat:— Delphinium bhutanicum is distributed in Bhutan and China (southern Xizang) (Fig. 6). It grows on alpine grassy slopes, in scrubs or in forests at altitudes of 3400–4000 m above sea level. Phenology:—Flowering from August to September; fruiting from September to October. Additional specimens examined:— BHUTAN. Bumthang, R.E. Cooper 2239 (E), F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 19686 (BM); Trashi Yangtse, F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 1016 (BM). CHINA. Xizang: Cona, F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 873 (BM), L. Wang et al. WL3146 (IBSC), L. Wang et al. WL3168 (IBSC); Lhunzê, F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 2495 (BM000926556, BM000926557); Mêdog, F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 2671 (BM000926561). Notes:— Munz (1967) described Delphinium bhutanicum on the basis of five collections. These include R.E. Cooper 2239 (E; Fig. 2A), F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 887 (BM, E; Fig. 1), F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 1016 (BM; Fig. 2B) and F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 19686 (BM; Fig. 2C), all from Bhutan, and F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 873 (BM; Fig. 2D) from Cona in southern Xizang, China, with the BM sheet of the second collection designated as holotype (Fig. 1A). Grierson (1984) recognized this species, recording its occurrence only in northern Bhutan. Although one of the paratypes, F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 873 (Fig. 2D), was collected from Cona county in southern Xizang, China (Fletcher 1975), the occurrence of this species in China has been previously totally overlooked. It was not recorded in any of the accounts of Delphinium in the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae vol. 27 (Wang 1979), Flora Xizangica (Wang 1985), and Flora of China (Wang & Warnock 2001). Wang in Wang & Li (1987) described Delphinium conaense on the basis of a single specimen, Qinghai-Xizang Supplem. Exped. 75-1959 (PE; Fig. 3A), also from Cona county in southern Xizang, China. In the protologue, the author stated that it was probably related to D. sparsiflorum Maximowicz (1877: 307), but readily differed by having stems shorter, ca. 60 cm tall, densely white appressed puberulous (vs. taller, glabrous), inflorescence simple, short, densely white appressed puberulous (vs. compound racemose, glabrous), sepaline spur longer, 1.5 cm long (vs. shorter, 6–11 mm long), and pubescent (vs. glabrous) carpels. Our survey of Delphinium specimens at KUN resulted in discovery of an isotype of D. conaense (KUN; Fig. 3B), which has more flowers arranged in a subcorymbose inflorescence. Wang & Warnock (2001) and Wang (2020) recognized D. conaense as an independent species. A critical comparison of the type and non-type specimens, together with our critical observations on living plants in two populations in Cona (Figs. 4, 5), indicates that Delphinium conaense is indeed remarkably distinct from D. sparsiflorum, a species characterized by having glabrous stems, petioles, inflorescence axis, pedicels and carpels and also by having very small flowers with a short sepaline spur and distributed in eastern Qinghai, central and southern Gansu and southern Ningxia, China (Wang 1979, 2020; Yuan & Yang 2016). In fact, the only point of superficial similarity between D. conaense and D. sparsiflorum lies in their 3-sect leaves. However, D. conaense is not essentially different from D. bhutanicum in any characters. The stems are rather slender, scattered leafy (Figs. 4A, 5), retrorsely white puberulent (Figs. 4B, 5); the leaves are 3-sect (Figs. 4C, 5); the inflorescence is 2- to few-flowered, subcorymbose (Figs. 4D, E, 5); the inflorescence axis and pedicels are appressed white puberulent (Figs. 4F, G, 5); the bracteoles are broadly linear, slightly below the flower (Figs. 4 I, J, 5); the carpels are pubescent (Figs. 4J, 5A). We therefore place D. conaense in synonymy with D. bhutanicum and report D. bhutanicum as a newly recorded species for China herein. In addition to the collection from Cona, our survey of specimens at BM resulted in discovery of another two collections of D. bhutanicum from southern Xizang, one from Lhunzê county and the other from Mêdog county (Figs. 6, 7). Munz (1968) referred Delphinium bhutanicum to his informal group VI of the Asian species of Delphinium, placing it in the neighborhood of D. caeruleum Jacquemont ex Cambessedes in Jacquemont (1844: 7), a species widely distributed and very common in the Sino-Himalayan region (Wang 1979, Wang & Warnock 2001, Yonekura 2008, Wang 2020). Morphologically D. bhutanicum is similar to D. caeruleum in having appressed puberulent stems, inflorescence axis and pedicels and usually a subcorymbose inflorescence, but differ immediately by the usual absence (vs. presence) of basal leaves and by having finely (vs. grossly) laciniate leaves and 3 (vs. 5) follicles per flower. From a morphological perspective it seems that these two species are only distantly related to each other and their relationship needs a further study. In his recently published treatise on Chinese Delphinium, Wang (2020) cited a collection from Cona, PE Xizang Exped. 6212 (PE; Fig. 8A, B), under D. conaense, and he identified another collection from Cona, FLPH Tibet Exped. 12-0849 (PE; Fig. 8C, D), as D. conaense on the determination slip in 2013, but he did not cite it in this treatise. From their habit, leaf division and shape, inflorescence shape, and position of bracteoles, these two collections certainly do not belong to D. bhutanicum and may represent a hitherto undescribed species. We will describe this new species elsewhere. In addition, judging from the long, 20-flowered raceme and the leaf shape, the color photograph referred to D. conaense by Wang (2016) should belong to D. gyalanum Marquand &Airy-Shaw in Marquand (1929: 156), a species fairly common in Xizang.Although Wang (2016) stated that D. conaense was endemic to Cona in southern Xizang, this photograph was not taken in Cona, but in Lhunzê in southern Xizang by Dr. You-sheng Chen. Two voucher specimens of this photograph, Y.S. Chen et al. 13-0872 (PE02000415, https://www.cvh.ac.cn/spms/detail.php?id=e8244242; PE02000417, https://www.cvh.ac.cn/spms/detail.php?id=e82441b9), are kept at PE. Both specimens indeed belong to D. gyalanum., Published as part of Yuan, Qiong & Yang, Qin-Er, 2023, Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XXIII): Reduction of D. conaense to the synonymy of D. bhutanicum, a species newly reported for China, pp. 291-300 in Phytotaxa 599 (5) on pages 292-299, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8043036, {"references":["Munz, P. A. (1967) A synopsis of the Asian species of Delphinium, sensu stricto. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 48: 476 - 545. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 185730","Wang, W. T. & Li, L. Q. (1987) Notulae de la Ranunculaceis sinensibus (X). Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 25: 24 - 38.","Grierson, A. J. C. (1984) Delphinium L. In: Grierson, A. J. C. & Long, D. G. (Eds.) Flora of Bhutan, vol. 1, part 2. Royal Botanical Garden, Edinburgh, pp. 309 - 314.","Fletcher, H. R. (1975) A Quest of Flowers: The Plant Explorations of Frank Ludlow and George Sherriff Told from their Diaries and Other Occasional Writings. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 387 pp.","Wang, W. T. (1979) Delphinium L. In: Anonymous (Ed.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, vol. 27. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 326 - 462.","Wang, W. T. (1985) Delphinium L. In: Wu, C. Y. (Ed.) Flora of Xizangica, vol. 2. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 39 - 59.","Wang, W. T. & Warnock, M. J. (2001) Delphinium Linnaeus. In: Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Hong, D. Y. (Eds.) Flora of China, vol. 6. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 223 - 274.","Maximowicz, C. J. (1877) Diagnoses plantarum novarum asiaticarum. Bulletin de l'Academe Imperiale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg 23: 305 - 391. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46308","Wang, W. T. (2020) A revision of the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) of China (II). Guihaia 40 (Suppl.): 1 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.3847 / 1538 - 4365 / aba 190","Yuan, Q. & Yang, Q. E. (2016) Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XIII): The identity of D. angustipaniculatum. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 24: 703 - 712.","Jacquemont, V. V. (1844) Voyage dans l'Inde, vol. 4. Firmin Didot FreIres, Paris, pp. 1 - 56.","Yonekura, K. (2008) Ranunculaceae. In: Ohba, H., Iokawa, Y. & Sharma, L. R. (Eds.) Flora of Mustang, Nepal. Kodansha Scientific Ltd., Tokyo, pp. 61 - 94.","Wang, W. T. (2016) Ranunculaceae. In: Wang, W. T. & Liu, B. (Eds.) Higher Plants of China in Colour, vol. 3. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 332 - 451.","Marquand, C. V. B. (1929) The botanical collection made by Captain F. Kingdon Ward in the eastern Himalaya and Tibet in 1924 - 1925. The Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 48: 149 - 229. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1929. tb 00587. x"]}

Ranunculus trigonus Handel-Mazzetti (1931: 304). Figs.1, 3–19, 21–23. Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Ninglang, Yongning (= Yungning) town, alt. ca. 2725 m, 22 July 1914, H. Handel-Mazzetti 3141 (holotype WU0039284!). Fig. 4. = Ranunculus yanshanensis Wang (1996: 161), syn. nov. Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Yanshan, Panlong town, alt. 1200 m, in moist places by river, 24 October 1939, C.W. Wang 84625 (holotype KUN1262283!; isotypes KUN365880!, PE00466455!). Fig. 1. = Ranunculus tengchongensis Wang (2008: 519), syn. nov. Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Tengchong, Daju, Beihai, alt. 1730 m, 29 May 2006, Gaoligong Shan Biodiversity Survey 29700 (holotype CAS474694!; isotype KUN1409969!). Fig. 3. Description:—Perennial herbs, sometimes with stolons. Roots fibrous, cylindric. Stems 4.5–48 cm tall, prostrate or ascending, subglabrous, sparsely spreading hirsute, subappressed hirsute, or densely spreading hirsute, usually branched. Basal leaves 3–6; blade simple or ternate, 2–5.7 cm long, 2–7 cm broad, subglabrous or subappressed hirsute on both sides; blades 3-partite or 3-sect, with central lobe or leaflet rhombic-cuneate or rhombic-obovate, 3-partite or 3- lobed, incised-dentate and lateral lobes or leaflets obliquely rhombic or obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-cleft; petioles 2–28 cm long, subglabrous, sparsely spreading hirsute, subappressed hirsute, or densely spreading hirsute. Lower stem leaves similar to basal ones; upper stem leaves 3-sect. Inflorescence monochasial or compound monochasial, 2–10- flowered. Flowers 1–1.4 cm in diameter. Pedicels 2–5 cm long, sparsely or densely subappressed hirsute. Receptacle hirsute, inflated at fruiting stage. Sepals 5, ovate or broadly ovate, 4–5 mm long, 2–3 mm broad, abaxially sparsely or densely subappressed hirsute, reflexed at anthesis. Petals 5, rarely 3 or 7, oblong, 5–6 mm long, 2–2.5 mm broad, apex rounded, with inconspicuous claw at base and nectary covered by a scale. Stamens 15–25; filaments linear, 1.2–2 mm long; anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm long. Gynoecium subglobose. Carpels numerous, obliquely ovate; ovaries ca. 1.3 mm long, with very short and slightly curved styles. Aggregate fruit subglobose or globose, 6–8 mm in diameter. Achenes flat, obliquely obovate, ca. 3 mm long, ca. 2 mm broad, glabrous, narrowly marginate, with short, acute beaks at apex. Phenology:—Flowering from March to June; fruiting from May to July. Distribution and habitat:— Ranunculus trigonus is distributed in northwestern Guizhou, southwestern Sichuan, southeastern Xizang (Tibet), and Yunnan (Fig. 24). It grows by roadsides, riverbanks, or in farmlands at elevations of 1300–3300 m above sea level. Additional specimens examined (barcodes are cited when available):— CHINA. Guizhou: Weining, Anonymous 165 (HGAS 013365), Y.P. Zeng 58 (IBSC). Sichuan: Daocheng, Anonymous 768 (CDBI0025669), T.T. Yu 13236 (KUN0688325, PE00466458); Muli, F.Q. Lu 7750 (CDBI0025667; SZ00091769), T.T. Yu 7214 (PE00466418, PE00466419); Yanyuan, H.Handel-Mazzetti2229 (WU0039285), Yanyuan Exped.360 (SM704604258, SM704604310). Xizang: Zayü, Z.C. Ni et al. 529 (PE00466470). Yunnan: Binchuan, Anonymous 65-0600 (KUN00051668); Dali, G. Forrest 4374 (P00193607), H. Koyama et al. 846 (KUN0691513), C.W. Wang 63499 (KUN0688343, LBG00051663, NAS00185275, PE00466420, PE00466421), Q.E. Yang 9407 (PE02344185), Q.E. Yang 9428 (PE00466437), Z.J. Yin & H.J. Dong 535 (KUN1215331); Dayao, Y. Chen & B. Bai 61 (KUN0691624); Dêqên, Qinghai-Xizang Veg. Exped. 8344 (PE00048478); Eryuan: J.M. Delavay 1080 (P00193774), J.M. Delavay 2171 (P00193779), J.M. Delavay s.n. (P); Fengqing, C.W. Wang 71958 (PE00466450, PE00466453); Fuming, B.Y. Qiu 59220 (KUN365926); Guangnan, C.W. Wang 87228 (KUN377504, PE00466457), C.W. Wang & Y. Liu 87447 (KUN365882, PE00466454); Heqing, J.M. Delavay 1515 (P00193776, P00193777, P00203884), Q. Lin et al. 771826 (KUN0691531, KUN0691531); Jianchuan, Q.E. Yang 94132 (PE02344183); Jingdong, M.K. Li 3105 (KUN0687344), Y.P. Zeng 21 (IBSC), Y.P. Zeng 25 (IBSC); Kunming, Anonymous 50776 (PE00466447), W.Q. Fei & Y.P. Zeng 253 (IBSC), K.H. Liang 168 (KUN0687346), T.N. Liou 13553 (PE00466466), T.N. Liou 13747 (PE00466467), T.N. Liou 16940 (PE00466442), T.N. Liou 19470 (KUN378507, PE00466443), B.Y. Qiu 70124 (CDBI0025670, IBK00356836); Lijiang, D. Chamberlain et al. SBL 000000132 (E, K), R.C. Ching 20284 (KUN0688352, KUN0688353, PE00466433), H. Li et al. 611 (KUN0691536), Q. Lin et al. 771015 (KUN0691522, KUN0691522), S.H. Nie 71406 (PE01458722), C. Schneider 3387 (K), C.W. Wang 65016 (KUN0688341, PE00466426, PE 00466430), C.W. Wang 71462 (KUN0688340, LBG00051841, PE00466422, PE00466431), Q.E. Yang 94131 (PE00459650), Q.E. Yang 94154 (PE02344184), S.W. Yu 65061 (KUN365907, PE00466427, PE00466432), S.W. Yu & A.L. Zhang 100864 (KUN378522), Zhongdian Exped. 674 (KUN0688334, PE00466428, PE00466429); Longling, Gaoligong Shan Biodiversity Survey 17637 (KUN1409911); Luquan, P.I. Mao 1338 (KUN365901, PE00466461); Lushui, W.Q. Fei & Y.P. Zeng 216 (IBSC); Mengzi, M. Tanant s.n. (P00193782); Ninglang, Y.P. Zeng & Y.F. Luo 500 (IBSC), T.J. Tong & Y. Hong 61 (IBSC); Precise locality unknown, J.M. Delavay 488 (P00186621), J.M. Delavay 2314 (P00186623), F. Ducloux 6179 (P00186624); Shangrila, Anonymous 78 (HITBC), Y.P. Zeng & Y.F. Luo 520 (IBSC), X.W. Tian et al. 466 (PE00500487, SZ00378189), Q.E. Yang & H.Z. Kong 98-241 (PE0234425, PE0234426), Q.E. Yang & Q. Yuan Yangqe 2028 (PE02032596), Q.S. Yang et al. ZhouZK-07ZX-0201 (KUN1232831), Zhongdian Exped. 63-2732 (KUN0688357); Shizong, Shizong Exped. 78 (IBK00356777); Shuangjiang, C.W. Wang 72986 (NAS00185278, PE00466451, PE00466452); Songming, B.Y. Qiu 51347 (KUN0688330), B.Y. Qiu 51649 (KUN51649, PE51649); Tengchong, W.Q. Fei & Y.P. Zeng 223 (IBSC), H. Li 11334 (E00208506, PE1409868), Y.Z. Zhou zhyz-205 (KUN1232845); Weixi, Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 6490 (KUN0691599, PE00466459, PE01108284, PE01108286); Wenshan, Y.M. Shui 2322 (PE00466434); Yangbi, R.C. Ching 22285 (KUN378513, PE00466424), H. Hara & K.Y. Guan 325 (KUN377401); Yanshan, W.Q. Fei & Y.P. Zeng 248 (IBSC), W.Q. Fei & Y.P. Zeng 252 (IBSC); Yimen, W.Q. Yin 39 (PE00466460); Yongsheng, NW Yunnan Jinsha River Exped. 6462 (KUN068326, PE00458477, PE00466423), Yongsheng Chin. Med. Resour. Exped. 5307220520 (IMDY0001862); Yunlong, Q.E. Yang 93050 (PE00466438); Zhenkang, T.T. Yu 16979 (KUN378514, PE00466445, PE00466446). Notes:—Morphologically Ranunculus trigonus is somewhat similar to R. chinensis in having hirsute stems, obliquely ovate carpels with very short and slightly curved styles, and flat, obliquely obovate, glabrous, narrowly marginate achenes with short, acute beaks. However, R. trigonus (Figs. 10–14, 18, 19, 21) is easily distinguishable from R. chinensis (Fig. 20) by having subglobose (vs. long ovoid) gynoecium, subglobose or globose (vs. long ovoid-cylindric) aggregate fruit, and ovoid (vs. long ovoid-cylindric) receptacle. Ranunculus trigonus var. strigosus Wang (1996: 164) was described on the basis of a single specimen, C.W. Wang 72869 (KUN1262286; Fig. 25A), from Gengma county in Yunnan province, China. In the protologue, Wang (1996) stated that this variety was distinguishable from the type variety, var. trigonus, by having densely strigose (vs. spreading pubescent) stems and petioles, larger flowers (ca. 1.5 cm vs. 0.6–1 cm in diameter), longer sepals (ca. 5 mm vs. ca. 6 mm), and larger petals (7–8 mm × 3–4 mm vs. 3.2–6 mm × 1.6–4 mm). Our survey of herbarium specimens resulted in the discovery of four duplicate sheets of the holotype of R. trigonus var. strigosus, three at PE (Fig. 25B–D) and one at LBG (not shown here). In 1975, L. Liou identified two of the PE sheets (Fig. 25B, C) as R. chinensis, and the remaining one at PE (Fig. 25D) as R. cantoniensis Candolle (1824: 43). However, the latter PE one (Fig. 25D) was identified as R. laetus Wallich ex Royle (1834: 53) in December 1955 and R. silerifolius Léveillé (1909: 257) in October 2004, by W.T. Wang, the author of R. trigonus var. strigosus. The LBG sheet has not as yet been identified. Based on critical observations on type specimens of R. trigonus var. strigosus, we suspect that this variety may be a hybrid, with R. chinensis and R. silerifolius as its parents, because its basal leaves is somewhat similar to those of R. chinensis in shape, and its carpels is somewhat similar to those of R. silerifolius in having long, recurved styles at apex. Further studies, particularly observations on living plants in the wild and molecular work, are needed to determine the relationships among R. chinensis, R. silerifolius, R. trigonus var. strigosus and R. trigonus var. trigonus., Published as part of Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong & Yang, Qin-Er, 2023, Ranunculus tengchongensis and R. yanshanensis (Ranunculaceae), both described from Yunnan in China, are merged with R. trigonus, pp. 7-36 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on pages 24-35, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7889465, {"references":["Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1931) Ranunculaceae. In: Symbolae Sinicae, vol. 7. Julius Springer, Wien, pp. 265 - 321.","Wang, W. T. (1996) Notulae de Ranunculaceis Sinensibus (XIX). Bulletin of Botanical Research (Harbin) 2: 155 - 166.","Wang, W. T. (2008) New taxa of Ranunculaceae from Yunnan. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 30: 519 - 524. https: // doi. org / 10.3724 / SP. J. 1143.2008.00423","Candolle, A. P. (1824) Ranunculaceae. In: Prodromus Sysematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, vol. 1. Treuttel & Wurtz, Paris, pp. 2 - 66.","Royle, J. F. (1834) Ranunculaceae. In: Illustrations of the Botany and Other Branches of the Natural History of the Himalayan Mountains, and of the Flora of Cashmere, vol. 1. Wm. H. Allen & Co., London, pp. 51 - 57.","Leveille, H. (1909) LXVII. Decades plantarum novarum. XXIII. Repertorium Novarum Specierum Regni Vegetabilis 7: 257 - 259. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19090071605"]}

Based on critical observations on herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that the holotype itself and the type collection of Thalictrum chayuense, which was described from Zayu county in southeastern Xizang (Tibet), China, are mixed, consisting of two taxa, T. chayuense and T. nepalense. Lectotypification is proposed for T. chayuense herein. Thalictrum chayuense is then determined to be conspecific with T. tsawarungense, a species described also from Zayu in southeastern Xizang. We therefore reduce T. chayuense to the synonymy of T. tsawarungense.