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Although the cell atlas of the human ocular anterior segment of the human eye was revealed by single‐nucleus RNA sequencing, whether subtypes of lens stem/progenitor cells exist among epithelial cells and the molecular characteristics of cell differentiation of the human lens remain unclear. Single‐cell RNA sequencing is a powerful tool to analyse the heterogeneity of tissues at the single cell level, leading to a better understanding of the processes of cell differentiation. By profiling 18,596 cells in human lens superficial tissue through single‐cell sequencing, we identified two subtypes of lens epithelial cells that specifically expressed C8orf4 and ADAMTSL4 with distinct spatial localization, a new type of fibre cells located directly adjacent to the epithelium, and a subpopulation of ADAMTSL4+ cells that might be lens epithelial stem/progenitor cells. We also found two trajectories of lens epithelial cell differentiation and changes of some important genes during differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C13H17N3OS, monoclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.746(6) Å, b = 12.344(9) Å, c = 12.655(9) Å, α = 95.766(7)°, β = 98.007(7)°, γ = 101.595(13)°, V = 1163.4(15) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0550, wRref(F2) = 0.1616, T = 296(2) K.

C16H20N4Ni, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.6578(10) Å, b = 17.184(2) Å, c = 11.6581(15) Å, β = 100.837(2)°, V = 1506.7(3) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0356, wRref(F2) = 0.0945, T = 296(2) K.

The cover image is based on the Original Article Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals new subtypes of lens superficial tissue in humans by Meng‐Chao Zhu et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cpr.13477. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The waxy protein primarily controls the synthesis of amylose, which is a key determinant of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cooking and processing qualities. Knowledge of the diversity of waxy gene in Chinese rice is essential to validate molecular markers for marker-assisted selection and to trace the origin of Chinese glutinous rice. The waxy (Wx) gene in the wild rice has rarely been studied, and the origin of Chinese glutinous rice is not well understood. The objectives of our investigation were (i) to identify the diversity of Wx and molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding and (ii) trace the origin of Chinese glutinous rice. We examined the sequence variations for the waxy gene of 98 accessions of cultivated rice and 134 accessions of wild rice from a previously established microcore collection of Chinese rice germplasm. A total of 51 and 226 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or insertions or deletions were found in the cultivated rice and the wild rice, respectively. Wild rice accessions had much higher diversity than cultivated rice and nonglutinous rice had much higher diversity than glutinous rice whereas the genetic diversity of indica rice was similar to that of japonica rice. Polymorphisms of CTn microsatellite, G/T SNP, and 23-bp insertion in the waxy gene and their relationship to amylose content were explored using cultivated rice. The G/T allele and 23-bp insertion were better associated with amylose content than with the CTn alleles, and they were validated as molecular markers for markerassisted selection. All the wild rice accessions with 23-bp insertion or Τ allele came from South China and the glutinous rice originated from wild rice of South China parallel with indica and japonica differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C13H17N3OS, monoclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.746(6) Å, b = 12.344(9) Å, c = 12.655(9) Å, α = 95.766(7)°, β = 98.007(7)°, γ = 101.595(13)°, V = 1163.4(15) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0550, wRref(F2) = 0.1616, T = 296(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C16H20N4Ni, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.6578(10) Å, b = 17.184(2) Å, c = 11.6581(15) Å, β = 100.837(2)°, V = 1506.7(3) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0356, wRref(F2) = 0.0945, T = 296(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To discuss the clinical classification of the squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) of vocal cord and their outcomes after different therapeutic procedures., Methods: Three hundred and forty-three patients with the SILs of vocal cord were enrolled. Based on the history of the diseases, macroscopic appearance by video rhino aryngoscopic, stroboscopic and microlaryngoscopic examination, and pathological findings, the correlation of clinical features, treatment modalities and treatment effect of the vocal cord SILs were discussed., Results: According to the morphological characteristics, 343 patients were divided into four types. TypeI, leukoplakia combined with inflammation (n = 19); type II, leukoplakia combined with polyps by friction (n = 72); type III, leukoplakia combined with sulcus vocalis (n = 64); type IV, keratosis (n = 188). Patients with type I lesions were treated by medications. The vocal cord configuration and the voice of the patients in type I returned to normal after treatment. Patients with type II, III, IV lesions were treated by CO(2) laser. Type II were treated by subepithelial cordectomy, type III by mucosa slicing with dredging, type IV by sub ligament cordectomy or trans muscular cordectomy. The cure rate of patients with type II, III, IV lesions was 90.7% (294/324) after single surgery, the recurrent rate was 9.3% (30/324). Twenty-one patients (11.2%), all in type IV, developed carcinogenesis. Eight cases were diagnosed in the first surgery and 13 cases in the second. Among the 13 cases diagnosed in the second surgery, 2 cases had partial laryngectomy for the third surgery., Conclusions: Since the squamous intraepithelial lesions of vocal cord manifested differently, conservative treatment or CO(2) laser surgery should be used. In this way, a less invasive procedure, better recovery of the voice and less complication could be expected.

Objective: To investigate the strategy of surgical management of juvenile on-set recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) with trachea/bronchia involvement so as to decrease the complications of the surgery., Methods: Twenty four JORRP patients undergone surgery in Beijing Tongren Hospital were studied between January 2006 and February 2009. All of them had JORRP with trachea/bronchia involvement. Suspension laryngoscopic surgeries were performed using rigid bronchoscope and micro-debrider. High frequency jet ventilator was used to maintain the ventilation in general anesthesia. Excision of tumors, suction of the blood and ventilation were preformed alternately. A total of 149 times of surgeries were analyzed., Results: The age of the patients was from 3 to 16 years old (median 6 years old). The age at diagnosis was from eight months to 10 years old (median 1.5 years old). Twenty of them had undergone tracheostomy and the age at tracheostomy was from 1 to 4 years old (median 2 years old). Twenty two of them had been graded as two-degree dyspnea preoperatively, one graded as three-degree dyspnea and one four-degree dyspnea. All subjects underwent more than one surgery. Two cases were intubated and sent to intensive care unit because of postoperative hypercapnia. One was sent to intensive care unit postoperatively because of preoperative phypoxemia and hypercapnia. All subjects were discharged without dyspnea. No death and complications occurred., Conclusions: Suspension laryngoscopic surgery using rigid bronchoscope and micro-debrider was a safe and effective strategy for the treatment of JORRP with trachea/bronchia involvement.

Objective: To investigate the effects of laryngeal stent combined with vocal fold mucosal suture for treating laryngeal web., Methods: A retrospective study performed, 21 laryngeal web cases were included in this study. The web causes were previous vocal fold surgery for benign lesions in 8 cases, previous laryngeal surgery for recurrent papilloma in 6 cases, laryngeal trauma in 6 cases, and congenital web in 1 case. Fifteen adults received glottic silastic sheet keels placement with vocal fold suture, another 2 adults and 4 children only had vocal fold suture, the above procedures were performed with laryngeal endoscopy., Results: Among all patients, good glottis shape was achieved and good voice maintained, 6 months to 3 years follow-up showed open airway without restenosis. 15 adults who had both keels placement and vocal cord suture tolerated the keel well. Keel removal under direct laryngoscopy was performed 3-4 weeks after surgery. A normal triangular shaped glottis anterior commissure anatomy was restored in 14 patients and 2-3 mm residual webbing was found in 1 patient (who had laryngofissure history). 2-3 mm residual webbing was found in 4 children who only had endoscopic vocal fold suture. After receiving endoscopic vocal fold suture, 2 adults who was found to have 2-3 mm normal mucosal membrane in anterior commissure during surgery, restored normal vocal cord shape., Conclusions: The study shows that silastic keel placement combined with vocal fold mucosal suture was successful for treating laryngeal webs cases. Mucosal suturing of vocal fold may decrease or eliminate raw surface exposure and it is useful in the management of pediatric laryngeal webs and webs with normal mucosal membrane in anterior commissure. The potential benefits of those procedures are in avoiding long-term glottic stenting, laryngofissure, and tracheotomy.

Objective: To evaluate the access to the frontal recess by identifying the agger nasi cell and uncinate process., Methods: Forty-seven patients (85 sides) who underwent endoscopic frontal sinus surgery in our department constituted the study population. Computed tomographic (CT) scans of the sinuses were obtained in coronal and axial views. The frontal ostium was identified by using agger nasi cell approach or identifying the uncinate process., Results: The frontal sinus ostium was identified in 100% of patients (85 sides). After an average follow-up of 9 months, 41 sides of 49 sides (84%) had endoscopically healed sinuses by using agger nasi cell approach. And 21 sides of 36 sides (81%) had endoscopically healed sinuses by identifying the uncinate process., Conclusions: The agger nasi cell approach to the frontal recess gives an access and allows identification of the frontal ostium. In addition, it provides direct visualization with a 0 degree endoscope into the frontal recess.