Search

Purpose: Coronary artery disease (CAD) patients frequently face readmissions due to suboptimal disease management. Prediction models are pivotal for detecting early unplanned readmissions. This review offers a unified assessment, aiming to lay the groundwork for enhancing prediction models and informing prevention strategies. Methods: A search through five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure) up to September 2023 identified studies on prediction models for coronary artery disease patient readmissions for this review. Two independent reviewers used the CHARMS checklist for data extraction and the PROBAST tool for bias assessment. Results: From 12,457 records, 15 studies were selected, contributing 30 models targeting various CAD patient groups (AMI, CABG, ACS) from primarily China, the USA, and Canada. Models utilized varied methods such as logistic regression and machine learning, with performance predominantly measured by the c-index. Key predictors included age, gender, and hospital stay duration. Readmission rates in the studies varied from 4.8% to 45.1%. Despite high bias risk across models, several showed notable accuracy and calibration. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for thorough external validation and the use of the PROBAST tool to reduce bias in models predicting readmission for CAD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ovarian fibrosis is a reproduction obstacle leading to female infertility in vertebrates, but the cause underlying the cellular events is unclear. Here, we found that the small adaptor protein SH3‐domain‐binding glutamate‐rich protein like (Sh3bgrl) plays an important role in female reproduction in zebrafish. Two sh3bgrl mutant alleles that result in sh3bgrl depletion contribute to female spawning inability. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that sh3bgrl knockout mechanistically causes the upregulation of genes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) and fiber generation in the zebrafish ovary. Consequently, extra ECM or fibers accumulate and are deposited in the ovary, resulting in eventual spawning inability. Our findings thus provide insights into understanding the underlying mechanism of infertility by ovarian fibrosis and provide a novel and valuable model to study female reproduction abnormality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electroplating, electrolysis, and pickling industrial processes would generate numerous gas pollutes, acid mist, which could not be essentially diminished due to its synthesis mechanism and cause gaseous environmental pollution, equipment corrosion, and endanger workers' health. In this study, a facile, practical, and energy-saving acid mist suppression system was constructed by introducing a stacking microsphere matrix as a floating porous phase on the acid solution and not causing secondary pollution. The mechanism of this green acid mist suppression strategy mainly focused on size-selective blocking of acid mist droplets by dense stacking microsphere layer and dissipation of floating kinetic energy of bubbles in the acid mist. The factors relating to the matrix's microstructure, the particle size of microspheres, the combination of the complex particles with a wide range of particle sizes, and the thickness of the matrix on the acid mist suppression were explored. It found that the matrix constituted of a medium-sized polymer sphere (1.075 ± 0.175 mm) presents a better appearance in the acid mist suppression. When the thickness of this matrix reached 15 mm, its acid mist efficiency also came up to 100%, totally blocking the acid mist. Meanwhile, complex particles with different particle sizes and PMMA porous blocks are beneficial for suppressing acid mist. Herein, this research opened up a green and effective strategy for regulating this hazardous gas pollute, acid mist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acquired chemotherapy resistance is one of the main culprits in the relapse of breast cancer. But the underlying mechanism of chemotherapy resistance remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that a small adaptor protein, SH3BGRL, is not only elevated in the majority of breast cancer patients but also has relevance with the relapse and poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. Functionally, SH3BGRL upregulation enhances the chemoresistance of breast cancer cells to the first-line doxorubicin treatment through macroautophagic/autophagic protection. Mechanistically, SH3BGRL can unexpectedly bind to ribosomal subunits to enhance PIK3C3 translation efficiency and sustain ATG12 stability. Therefore, inhibition of autophagy or silence of PIK3C3 or ATG12 can effectively block the driving effect of SH3BGRL on doxorubicin resistance of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We also validate that SH3BGRL expression is positively correlated with that of PIK3C3 or ATG12, as well as the constitutive occurrence of autophagy in clinical breast cancer tissues. Taken together, our data reveal that SH3BGRL upregulation would be a key driver to the acquired chemotherapy resistance through autophagy enhancement in breast cancer while targeting SH3BGRL could be a potential therapeutic strategy against breast cancer. Abbreviations: ABCs: ATP-binding cassette transporters; Act D: actinomycin D; ACTB/β-actin: actin beta; ATG: autophagy-related; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; CASP3: caspase 3; CHX: cycloheximide; CQ: chloroquine; Dox: doxorubicin; FBS: fetal bovine serum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GEO: gene expression omnibus; GFP: green fluorescent protein; G6PD: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; GSEA: gene set enrichment analysis; IHC: immunochemistry; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; mRNA: messenger RNA; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; SH3BGRL: SH3 domain binding glutamate-rich protein-like; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although familial forms of cerebral cavernous malformation are mainly attributed to three CCM genes (KRIT1, CCM2 and PDCD10), no mutation is identified in sporadic cerebral cavernous malformation cases with a unique lesion, indicating additional genes for sporadic cerebral cavernous malformation. To screen the candidate genes, we conducted whole exome sequencing in 31 sporadic cerebral cavernous malformation patients and 32 healthy controls, and identified 5 affected individuals carrying 6 heterozygous deleterious mutations in RNF213 but no RNF213 mutation in healthy individuals. To further confirm RNF213 was associated with cerebral cavernous malformation, we generated rnf213a homozygous knockout zebrafish and found mutation of rnf213a in zebrafish led to a mulberry-like cluster of disordered-flow vascular channels which was reminiscent of human cerebral cavernous malformation. In addition, we revealed kbtbd7 and anxa6 were significantly downregulated due to rnf213a mutation through transcriptomic sequencing and RT-qPCR analysis. Based on the mulberry-like phenotype partly rescued by mRNA of kbtbd7 as well as anxa6, we suggested that rnf213a promoted mulberry-like cluster via downregulation of kbtbd7 and anxa6. Altogether, we firstly demonstrate RNF213 is a novel candidate gene for sporadic cerebral cavernous malformation and the mutation of rnf213a is responsible for the mulberry-like cluster in zebrafish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adjuvants play an important role in improving vaccine efficacy. In this study, polyoxyethylene dehydrated mannitol mono oleate (PDMMO) was used as a hydrophilic emulsifier in w/o/w type adjuvants. A series of w/o/w emulsions with various combinations of PDMMO, containing different numbers of ethylene oxides, were prepared. The molecular structure of the PDMMO was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Conductivity testing and microscopic image confirmed the emulsion type. The results of the stability test were satisfactory, and the prepared emulsion remained stable for up to 35 days at 37 °C. The w/o/w emulsion vaccine was prepared as a potential candidate for Foot-and-Mouth disease vaccines in the appropriate proportions. Following the immunization of mice, antibody titers were measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]