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Deciphering drought resistance in crops is crucial for enhancing water productivity. Previous studies have highlighted the significant role of the transcription factor SlHB8 in regulating developmental processes in tomato plants but its involvement in drought resistance remains unclear. Here, gene overexpression (SlHB8-OE) and gene knockout (slhb8) tomato plants were utilized to study the role of SlHB8 in regulating drought resistance. Our findings showed that slhb8 plants exhibited a robust resistant phenotype under drought stress conditions. The stomata of slhb8 tomato leaves displayed significant closure, effectively mitigating the adverse effects of drought stress on photosynthetic efficiency. The slhb8 plants exhibited a decrease in oxidative damage and a substantial increase in antioxidant enzyme activity. Moreover, slhb8 effectively alleviated the degree of photoinhibition and chloroplast damage caused by drought stress. SlHB8 regulates the expression of numerous genes related to photosynthesis (such as SlPSAN, SlPSAL, SlPSBP, and SlTIC62) and stress signal transduction (such as SlCIPK25, SlABA4, and SlJA2) in response to drought stress. Additionally, slhb8 plants exhibited enhanced water absorption capacity and upregulated expression of several aquaporin genes including SlPIP1;3, SlPIP2;6, SlTIP3;1, SlNIP1;2, and SlXIP1;1. Collectively, our findings suggest that SlHB8 plays a negative regulatory role in the drought resistance of tomato plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to estimate the joint effects of cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and to explore the mediating role of disability among Chinese community‐dwelling older adults. A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 2525 community‐dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years and living in Shanghai, China in 2019. Participants were divided into four groups: (1) non‐depressed without dementia, (2) non‐depressed with probable MCI, (3) depressed without dementia and (4) depressed with probable mild cognitive impairment (MCI). HRQoL was assessed using the 36‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey. Cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms were evaluated with the AD8 and the Geriatric Depression Scale respectively. Activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability and other sociodemographic variables were also assessed. The results of this study showed that controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, significant differences in a physical component score (PCS) and a mental component score (MCS) of HRQoL were found across the four groups. Compared to those who were non‐depressed without dementia, older adults who were depressed with probable MCI reported the lowest level of PCS and MCS, followed by older adults who were depressed without dementia. Both ADL and IADL disabilities played mediating roles in the relationship between cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms and PCS. Based on this study, we suggest that the early detection and adequate management of depressive symptoms and cognitive status—as well as efforts to improve individuals' ability to manage their ADLs and IADLs—may help to maintain or improve their HRQoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hot blast stove (HBS) provides hot air for the blast furnace and temperature prediction for its exhaust gas is of vital importance to control the process. In this article, a novel deep memory echo state network (DMESN) is proposed for temperature prediction. First, data preprocessing is performed, including outlier rejecting, missing data handling and lag time calculating, so that better dynamic characteristics of data set can be obtained. Then, in order to improve the prediction accuracy, an improved hidden layer structure is proposed, which consists of two parts: echo state formation and hidden state formation. Echo state formation is used in network starting phase. Aiming at the problem that information cannot be effectively retained, three gates are designed in the cell to obtain a stable echo state which will be used to initialize the hidden state. In this way, the hidden state can operate continuously and stably. Finally, comparing experiments were carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. The simulation results show that DMESN achieves excellent performance in terms of accuracy, stability, and learning speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the short-term behavior of a new partially pre-cast and partially encased composite (PPEC) beam is studied. This paper reports the results of a 4-point bending test on a full-scale PPEC beam and sets out the load displacement response, short-term stiffness, peak load capacity and failure mode of the proposed PPEC beam. In addition, a finite element analysis of the PPEC beam is carried out, and the numerical simulation results are compared with the test results. The results show that the finite element model can reflect the bending response of the PPEC beam. In this paper, three different calculation methods are used to compare the deflection of the PPEC beam. The results show that the values calculated by the bending-shear coupling method formula agree relatively well with the test results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theca cells (TCs) are essential to folliculogenesis by contributing to steroidogenesis. However, the in vitro growth (IVG) of oocytes co-cultured with TCs has not yet been examined. In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of the IVG of bovine oocyte-cumulus-granulosa cell complexes (OCGCs) co-cultured with TCs and the developmental competence of co-cultured oocytes. OCGCs and TCs were co-cultured without steroid hormone addition for 12 days. Steroidogenesis, the viability of OCGCs, and TC numbers during co-culture were assessed every 4 days. After IVG, oocytes were matured and the nuclear status was evaluated. Some oocytes were inseminated and cultured to examine blastocyst development. During the co-culture, androstenedione production by TCs was only observed during the first 4 days (1.1 ng/well) while estradiol-17β was continuously produced, peaking during the second 4 days (0.5 ng/well). The number of TCs decreased to ∼60% of the seeding number (4.0 × 104 cells/well) during the first 4 days, and was maintained thereafter. The majority of co-cultured OCGCs (82.7%) survived after 12-day IVG. Only a few OCGCs (6.2%) survived in the OCGC culture without TCs (p < 0.01); however, the addition of androstenedione to the culture medium markedly improved survivability to 80.1%, which was similar to that in the co-culture with TCs. In the subsequent development of oocytes derived from the co-culture, 58.3% reached metaphase II stage, 58.7% cleaved, and 17.3% developed to blastocysts, which were similar values to those of oocytes cultured with the addition of androstenedione. In conclusion, TC-produced androgen contributes to OCGC growth and the acquisition of subsequent embryonic developmental competence. • Theca cells can produce androstenedione and support oocyte development in vitro. • However, theca cells showed quick spontaneous luteinization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone morphogenetic protein-4 ( BMP-4) inhibits luteinization of granulosa cells during in vitro growth ( IVG) culture of bovine oocytes; however, oocytes derived from a 12 day IVG were less competent for development than in vivo-grown oocytes. We herein investigated whether an extended IVG culture with BMP-4 improves oocyte growth and development to blastocysts after in vitro fertilization. Oocyte-granulosa cell complexes ( OGCs) were cultured for 14 or 16 days with BMP-4 (10 ng/mL), while a 12 day culture with BMP-4 served as the in vitro control. OGC viability was maintained for the 16 day culture with BMP-4 (83.2%), but was significantly lower without BMP-4 (58.9%) than the control (83.0%). Prolong-cultured oocytes at 16 days had statistically greater diameter (114.6 μm) than the control (111.7 μm). IVG oocytes with BMP-4 for the 16 day culture had a similar nuclear maturation rate to the control (approximately 67%); however, blastocyst rates in BMP-4 treated oocytes of 14 (1.8%) and 16 day (0%) IVG were statistically lower than that of 12 day IVG (9.0%). In conclusion, BMP-4 maintained OGC viability and promoted oocyte growth in a prolonged culture, but impaired the developmental competence of oocytes. Prolonged culture may not be an appropriate strategy for enhancing the developmental competence of IVG oocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the features that modem industrial processes always have some characteristics of complexity and nonlinearity and the process data usually contain both Gaussion and non-Gaussion information at the same time, a new process performance monitoring and fault detection method based on wavelet transform and kernel entropy component analysis (WT-KECA) is proposed in this paper. Unlike other kernel feature extraction methods, this method chooses the best principal component vectors according to the maximal Renyi entropy rather than judging by the top eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the kernel matrix simply. Besides, it can denoise and anti-disturb due to the application of wavelet transform. The proposed method is applied to process monitoring in the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process and the fault identification is realized. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method is more feasible and efficient in comparing to KPCA method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Proposed a dynamic dissimilarity index to improve the adaptability to different features and the dynamicity of the model. • Proposed a dynamic integrated SFA, which solves the monitoring of multi-dimensional quality variables. • A transfer entropy method with time lag is proposed to optimize the causality graph for root cause diagnosis of faults. In this paper, the monitoring method based on slow feature analysis and the root cause diagnosis based on transfer entropy are proposed. Different from the traditional methods, this paper performing online modelling to improve the adaptability to different data features and the dynamics of the model. A Dynamic Dissimilarity Index (DDI) is proposed to construct a dynamic online sub-block partitioning model. For process monitoring of multidimensional quality variables, a weighted fusion method is proposed to integrate multiple models so that the monitoring conclusions include the quality changes of the process. The fault variables are identified for quality-related faults, and the traditional method is improved by proposing a transfer entropy method with time lag parameters added to optimize the fault causality diagram. Finally, the study of real chemical processes shows that the proposed method gives more accurate and richer monitoring conclusions and can find the root cause more quickly and efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Tennessee Eastman (TE) process is a typical multivariate chemical process. It has some characteristics of complexity and nonlinearity. Therefore, it is an ideal research platform substituted for the real industrial process whose data is difficult to be achieved. Many scholars have done a lot of studies on monitoring approaches and applied these methods on the platform. However, it is not an easy work to obtain some ideal simulation results on detecting some special faults in TE process, such as the fault 3. In this paper, an integration of canonical variate analysis and independent component analysis method (CV-ICA) is proposed. It combines the advantages of canonical variate analysis (CVA) and independent component analysis (ICA) to solve these problems. CV-ICA applies CVA to calculate the canonical variates from the process data, and then employs ICA to extract independent components (ICs). The monitoring simulation demonstrates the availability of the proposed method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A novel multivariate statistical process monitoring (MSPM) method based on modified principal component analysis (PCA) is proposed to solve the low detection rate problem of incipient fault. In this modified PCA, on the basis of normal PCA model, the columns of loading matrix are reordered by mutual information between different statistic component matrices and training data. Then, instead of cumulative percent variance criterion, the principal component subspace is selected according to the largest mutual information. The selected PC subspace can maximally reflect fault characteristics into a new statistical index. Besides, a detection index based on the sliding average control chart statistic is proposed, which eliminates the effect of noise by proper averaging of the most recent samples, greatly improving the ability and accuracy of fault detection. The case study of a numerical simulation and Tennessee Eastman process shows that the proposed method can effectively detect incipient fault. Instead of cumulative percent variance criterion, in modified principal component analysis (PCA), the principal component subspace is selected according to the largest mutual information. The selected PC subspace can maximally reflect fault characteristics into a new statistical index. Besides, a detection index based on the sliding average control chart statistic is proposed, which eliminates the effect of noise by proper averaging of the most recent samples, greatly improving the ability and accuracy of fault detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two series of territrem B analogues were synthesised in nine linear steps from commercially available starting materials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) and FSH play important regulatory roles in follicular growth and steroidogenesis in vivo . The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BMP-4 and FSH on in vitro growth (IVG) and steroidogenesis of bovine oocyte-cumulus-granulosa complexes (OCGCs). We cultured OCGCs collected from early antral follicles (0.5–1 mm) in medium without BMP-4 and FSH for 4 days and investigated the appearance of OCGCs and their steroidogenesis. During the first 4 days of IVG, morphologically normal OCGCs produced more estradiol-17β (E 2 ), but less progesterone (P 4 ). Morphologically normal OCGCs were subjected to an additional culture in medium supplemented with BMP-4 (0, 10, and 50 ng/mL) and FSH (0 and 0.5 ng/mL) until day 12. We examined the viability and steroidogenesis of OCGCs after 8 and 12 days of culture. Oocyte growth, characteristics of granulosa cells, and the maturational competence of oocytes were also investigated. On day 8, the viability of OCGCs cultured without FSH was higher in the 10 ng/mL BMP-4 group than in the 50 ng/mL BMP-4 group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the viability of groups cultured with FSH, regardless of the addition of BMP-4, and FSH improved the viability of 50 ng/mL BMP-4 group similar to 10 ng/mL BMP-4 group. The total number of granulosa cells was larger in 10 ng/mL BMP-4 group cultured with FSH than in 50 ng/mL BMP-4 group cultured with FSH on day 8 (P < 0.05). E 2 production decreased from days 8–12, and P 4 production increased throughout IVG culture, regardless of the addition of BMP-4 and FSH (P < 0.05). No significant differences in E 2 production were observed between groups from days 4–8, regardless of whether BMP-4 was added without FSH; however, E 2 production in the group cultured with 50 ng/mL BMP-4 was suppressed by FSH. BMP-4 suppressed E 2 production from days 8–12, regardless of whether FSH was added. The group cultured with 10 ng/mL BMP-4 without FSH showed the lowest P 4 production among all groups for all culture periods. OCGCs that produced mature oocytes tended to secrete more E 2 and less P 4 than OCGCs that produced immature oocytes. In conclusion, until day 8 of the IVG culture, P 4 production by OCGCs was suppressed by the addition of 10 ng/mL BMP-4 in the absence of FSH, without inhibiting E 2 production. These conditions appear to mimic growing follicles until day 8 and mimic degenerating follicles from days 8–12 of culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The System #2 flow loop used in this study is a 4−inch−diameter, high−temperature, high−pressure system. In situ corrosion and electrochemical measurements were performed using a homemade flat corrosion specimen and a three−electrode probe. The experiment results show that temperature has an accelerated influence on the corrosion of antibacterial alloy steel. With the increase of temperature and the presence of O2 in the environment, a loose and porous corrosion product film was formed on the surface of the resistant steel, which made it easier for the corrosion medium to enter the corrosion product film from the pore, thus accelerating the corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malformed fruits depreciate a plant's market value. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), fruit malformation is associated with the multi‐locule trait, which involves genes regulating shoot apical meristem (SAM) development. The expression pattern of TOPLESS3 (SlTPL3) throughout SAM development prompted us to investigate its functional significance via RNA interference (RNAi) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated nuclease 9 (Cas9)‐mediated gene editing. Lower SlTPL3 transcript levels resulted in larger fruits with more locules and larger SAMs at the 5 d after germination (DAG5) stage. Differentially expressed genes in the SAM of wild‐type (WT) and SlTPL3‐RNAi plants, identified by transcriptome deep sequencing (RNA‐seq), were enriched in the gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and plant hormone signaling pathways. Moreover, exogenous auxin and paclobutrazol treatments rescued the multi‐locule phenotype, indicating that SlTPL3 affects SAM size by mediating auxin and GA levels in the SAM. Furthermore, SlTPL3 interacted with WUSCHEL (SlWUS), which plays an important role in SAM size maintenance. We conducted RNA‐seq and DNA affinity purification followed by sequencing (DAP‐seq) analyses to identify the genes regulated by SlTPL3 and SlWUS in the SAM and to determine how they regulate SAM size. We detected 24 overlapping genes regulated by SlTPL3 and SlWUS and harboring an SlWUS‐binding motif in their promoters. Furthermore, functional annotation revealed a notable enrichment for functions in auxin transport, auxin signal transduction, and GA biosynthesis. Dual‐luciferase assays also revealed that SlTPL3 enhances SlWUS‐mediated regulation (repression and activation) of SlPIN3 and SlGA2ox4 transcription, indicating that the SlTPL3–SlWUS module regulates SAM size by mediating auxin distribution and GA levels, and perturbations of this module result in enlarged SAM. These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of SAM maintenance and locule formation in tomato and highlight the SlTPL3–SlWUS module as a key regulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel three-dimensional supramolecular compound formed by Mn(II) and pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid of formula [Mn(Pydc) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] (Pydc&ThickSpace;=&ThickSpace;pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, electronic spectra, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction techniques. The X-ray structure shows that the central Mn(II) ion is coordinated by two water molecules and two chelated Pydc ligands. Water molecules coordinate with Mn(II) ions in the cis mode. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds play an important role in stabilization of the lattice and construction of the supramolecular network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As key equipment in modern industry, it is important to diagnose and predict the health status of bearings. Data-driven methods for remaining useful life (RUL) prognostics have achieved excellent performance in recent years compared to traditional methods based on physical models. In this paper, we propose a novel data-driven method for predicting the remaining useful life of bearings based on a deep graph convolutional neural network with spatiotemporal domain convolution. This network uses the average sliding root mean square (ASRMS) as the health factor to identify the healthy and degraded states, and then uses correlation coefficient analysis on the hybrid features of the degraded data to construct a spatial graph according to the strength of the correlation between the obtained features. In the time domain, we introduce historical data as the input to the temporal convolution. After the data are processed by the spatial map and the temporal dimension, we perform the prediction of the remaining useful life. The experimental results show the accuracy of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Older migrants in China without local resident registration (hukou) are a vulnerable population and face barriers to receiving local healthcare. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to quantify the disparities in healthcare utilization between older migrants and local residents in Shanghai, China. DESIGN: This was a cross‐sectional study. SETTING: The study was conducted in Shanghai, China, in 2016. PARTICIPANTS: Older adults (aged ≥60 years) were recruited based on a three‐stage stratified cluster sampling method (2571 older locals and 1920 older migrants). MEASUREMENTS: We compared utilization of outpatient care, inpatient care, preventive care, emergency room (ER) admission, and dental care, as well as medication use between older migrants and local residents. The local‐migrant gap was parsed into observed and unobserved components using the Blinder‐Oaxaca decomposition method. RESULTS: Older migrants were less likely to utilize outpatient (odds ratio [OR] = 0.757; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.617‐0.928), inpatient (OR = 0.642; 95% CI = 0.443‐0.931), and preventive care (OR = 0.743; 95% CI = 0.643‐0.858) and were more likely to use medication (OR = 1.254; 95% CI = 1.089‐1.445) than local residents. Differences in ER admissions and dental care utilization were not significant in the regression analysis. The decomposition results indicated that 55% and 71% of the local‐migrant gap in outpatient and preventive care utilization were attributable to individual characteristics, like health insurance. Unobserved components, including hukou‐related factors and personal heterogeneous preferences, contributed 59% and 63% to utilization of inpatient care and medication use, respectively. CONCLUSION: We identified local‐migrant gaps in healthcare utilization among older adults in China. Further research is needed into integration of the health insurance system, accessibility of public health welfare benefits, and reconstruction of social networks among older migrants. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1560‐1567, 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core Ideas AOB are more responsive to N supplementation than AOA. Core Ideas AOA and AOB response to climate warming depends on the method of N application and climate. Core Ideas N supplementation increased the PNR and altered ammonia‐oxidizing bacterial community structure. Core Ideas pH and N availability shaped AOB community structure. Core Ideas pH was a significant factor in shaping the AOA community structure. --> Ammonia oxidation, the first and rate‐limiting step of the nitrification process, is driven by ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Numerous studies on the response of aboveground plant and soil microbial communities to climate change have been conducted, but the effects of climate warming and nitrogen (N) supplementation on the abundance, community composition, and diversity of AOA and AOB in arid and semiarid steppe ecosystem remain elusive. In this study, we examined these effects on soil samples from the Inner Mongolia desert steppe after 11 consecutive years of simulated climate warming and N supplementation (ammonium nitrate), using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and high throughput sequencing technique. We observed that the amoA abundance of AOA outnumbered that of AOB in this desert steppe, with N supplementation having a significant effect on amoA abundance. The effect of climate warming on the amoA abundance of AOA or AOB depended on soil depth. Eleven years of simulated climate warming and N supplementation had varying effects on the amoA abundance of AOA and AOB. Nitrogen supplementation shifted ammonia‐oxidizing bacterial community structure, increased potential nitrification rates, and affected ammonia‐oxidizing microbial α diversity at topsoil. The dominating factors shaping AOB community structure among the treatments were NH4+–N, NO3−–N, and pH, whereas pH was the significant factor in shaping AOA community structure. Our results indicate that N supplementation might be the driving factor aiding oxidation of ammonia at topsoil of arid and semiarid steppe ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with the health status of older Chinese people living in the community, in order to inform strategies to expand access to healthcare. Methods: Two-phase stratified cluster sampling was applied; 2000 older people participated in this study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in Shanghai between June and August, 2011. Descriptive analysis was used to examine the respondents’ characteristics. Based on Andersen’s healthcare utilization model, a chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression were performed to examine the influences of predisposing, enabling, need, and contextual factors on healthcare utilization. Results: We found that 44.5% of the older people in the sample had good self-reported health status, while 12.8% were poor, 14.5% had visited hospitals or clinics as outpatients in the previous two weeks, and 16.5% had been hospitalized in the previous year. Logistic regression analysis revealed that outpatient health services were more likely to be used by women and those whose income was from friends or social relief, who had poor to good self-reported health status, who were experiencing declining health, who engaged in volunteer activities, and who had chronic diseases. Meanwhile, hospitalization was more likely among those in the older age groups, those with pension income, living in outer suburbs, with poor self-reported health status, experiencing difficulty with activities of daily living and outdoor activities, or having a chronic disease. Conclusions: The results showed the impact of economic status, health status, demographic and social characteristics, and other factors on the health service utilization of elderly people living in the community in Shanghai. Need variables were the strongest predictors of health service use, although contextual factors also contributed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-performance low-power micro hotplate (MHP) hydrogen sensor was fabricated through electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet printing technique. Electrospun Pd loaded SnO2 nanofibers with lengths of 250-850 nm were precisely printed on the suspended central part of an MHP with an area of 100 um × 100 um. The printhead in the printing system was a low-cost metallic needle with an inner diameter of 110 um, which was large enough to prevent clogging by the nanofibers. The printing process was observed by a high-speed camera. Small droplets with diameters of 50-80 um were produced at each ejection by providing a high voltage to the metallic needle. It was found that the bridge-type MHPs used in our experiment can promote the positioning precision due to its bound effect to the droplet. In the gas sensing measurement, the Pd loaded SnO2 MHP gas sensor showed a remarkable response to H2 with a low power of only 9.1 mW. The experiment results demonstrate the excellent adequacy of EHD inkjet printing technique to realize effective mass fabrication of MHP gas sensors or sensor arrays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As the most populous nation in the world, China has now becoming an emerging ageing society. Shanghai is the first city facing the challenge of ageing demographics. Against this background, a study that employs self-rated health (SRH) assessment system was designed to explore the health status of Shanghai elders, and learn their attitudes toward health issues; as well as to investigate the determinants of SRH among Shanghai elders. Understanding SRH is crucial for finding appropriate solutions that could effectively tackle the increasing eldercare demand.Methods: This study adopted a quantitative research strategy. Using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method, we conducted a questionnaire survey in August 2011 in Shanghai, which collected 2001 valid survey responses. SRH assessments were categorized by five levels: very good, fairly good, average, fairly poor, or poor. The respondents' functional status was evaluated using the Barthel index of activities for daily living. In the data analysis, we used chi-squared test to determine differences in socio-demographic characteristics among various groups. Along with statistics, several logistic regression models were designed to determine the associations between internal influence factors and SRH.Results: Younger age (χ2 = 27.5, p < 0.05), male sex (χ2 = 11.5, p < 0.1), and living in the suburbs (χ2 = 55.1, p < 0.05) were associated with better SRH scores. Higher SRH scores were also linked with health behaviour of the respondents; namely, do not smoke (χ2 = 18.0, p < 0.1), do not drink (χ2 = 18.6, p < 0.1), or engage in regular outdoor activities (χ2 = 69.3, p < 0.05). The respondents with better social support report higher SRH scores than those without. Respondents' ability to hear (χ2 = 38.7, p < 0.05), speak (χ2 = 16.1, p < 0.05) and see (χ2 = 78.3, p < 0.05) impacted their SRH scores as well. Meanwhile, chronic illness except asthma was a major influence factor in low SRH score. Applying multiple regression models, a series of determinants were analysed to establish the extent to which they contribute to SRH. The impact of these variables on SRH scores were 6.6% from socio-demographic and health risk behaviours, 2.4% from social support, 8.5% from mental health, 20% from physical conditions, and13% from chronic diseases.Conclusions: This is the first study that examines the determinants of SRH among Shanghai elders. Nearly 40% of our study's respondents reported their health status as "good". The main determinants of SRH among elders include living condition, health risk behaviour, social support, health status, and the economic status of the neighbourhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In China, unmarried female migrants are vulnerable to sexual and reproductive health risks. One effective protection strategy is promoting consistent condom use (CCU).Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to apply the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model and modified it by addition of psychological and personal factors to examine the related factors of CCU and provide suggestions for intervention among unmarried female migrants.Results: Of all 903 eligible participants, only 13.8% of participants reported CCU in the past six months. Both the IMB model and the modified IMB model provided acceptable fit to the data. In both models, information had no direct or indirect influence on CCU (p > 0.05). However, behavioral skills had a positive effect on CCU (β = 0.344, p < 0.001 and β = 0.330, p < 0.001). Moreover, motivation contributed to CCU indirectly by affecting behavioral skills (β = 0.800, p < 0.001) and had no direct influence (p > 0.05). In the modified model, psychological and personality factors influenced CCU directly (β = - 0.100, p = 0.005).Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of conducting CCU promotion among unmarried female migrants. Future intervention strategies should focus on both the traditional IMB model constructs and the added psychological and personality factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]