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Abstract Using e + e − collision data collected by the BESIII detector at BEPCII corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 30 fb −1, we measure Born cross sections and effective form factors for the process e + e − → Ξ 0 Ξ ¯ 0 $$ {e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\Xi}^0{\overline{\Xi}}^0 $$ at forty-five center-of-mass energies between 3.51 and 4.95 GeV. The dressed cross section is fitted, assuming a power-law function plus a charmonium(-like) state, i.e., ψ(3770), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), ψ(4230), ψ(4360), ψ(4415) or ψ(4660). No significant charmonium(-like) state decaying into Ξ 0 Ξ ¯ 0 $$ {\Xi}^0{\overline{\Xi}}^0 $$ is observed. Upper limits at the 90% confidence level on the product of the branching fraction and the electronic partial width are provided for each decay. In addition, ratios of the Born cross sections and the effective form factors for e + e − → Ξ 0 Ξ ¯ 0 $$ {e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\Xi}^0{\overline{\Xi}}^0 $$ and e + e − → Ξ − Ξ ¯ + $$ {e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\Xi}^{-}{\overline{\Xi}}^{+} $$ are also presented to test isospin symmetry and the vector meson dominance model.

To solve the problem of poor thermal stability of the current D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase), the ancestor sequences of DAEase with different catalytic domains were reconstructed by big data mining, reasonable modification and ancestor sequence reconstruction (ASR) strategy under the guidance of phylogenetic information. The expression vectors of the ancestor sequences were constructed, and DAEase A13 with significantly enhanced thermal stability was screened by recombinant expression and molecular docking, and its enzymatic properties were characterized. In addition, the molecular mechanism of thermal stability enhancement of DAEase A13 was revealed based on structural analysis and molecular dynamics. The results showed that the half-life of A13 constructed based on ASR strategy could reach 8.4 h at 70 ℃, indicating that its thermal stability was significantly enhanced compared with that of wild-type (WT) enzyme. The maximum conversion rate of A13 reached 31%, indicating that the catalytic activity of A13 was slightly higher than that of WT enzyme. The structural and molecular dynamics analysis revealed that the increase in hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction in ASR A13 was the main factor responsible for maintaining the stability of the enzyme's molecular structure at high temperatures. The results showed that ASR strategy could modify DAEases to enhance the stability, activity or hybridity, which could provide superior biocatalyst sources for various industrial applications of functional sugars.

Abstract The branching fraction of D + → K S 0 π 0 e + ν e $$ {D}^{+}\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^0{e}^{+}{\nu}_e $$ is measured for the first time using 7.93 fb −1 of e + e − annihilation data collected at the center-of-mass energy s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, and is determined to be B D + → K S 0 π 0 e + ν e = 0.881 ± 0.017 stat . ± 0.016 syst . % $$ \mathcal{B}\left({D}^{+}\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^0{e}^{+}{\nu}_e\right)=\left(0.881\pm {0.017}_{\textrm{stat}.}\pm {0.016}_{\textrm{syst}.}\right)\% $$ . Based on an analysis of the D + → K S 0 π 0 e + ν e $$ {D}^{+}\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^0{e}^{+}{\nu}_e $$ decay dynamics, we observe the S-wave and P-wave components with fractions of f S-wave = (6.13 ± 0.27stat. ± 0.30syst. )% and f K ¯ ∗ 892 0 = 93.88 ± 0.27 stat . ± 0.29 syst . % $$ {f}_{{\overline{K}}^{\ast }{(892)}^0}=\left(93.88\pm {0.27}_{\textrm{stat}.}\pm {0.29}_{\textrm{syst}.}\right)\% $$ , respectively. From these results, we obtain the branching fractions B D + → K S 0 π 0 S − wave e + ν e = 5.41 ± 0.35 stat . ± 0.37 syst . × 10 − 4 $$ \mathcal{B}\left({D}^{+}\to {\left({K}_S^0{\pi}^0\right)}_{S-\textrm{wave}}{e}^{+}{\nu}_e\right)=\left(5.41\pm {0.35}_{\textrm{stat}.}\pm {0.37}_{\textrm{syst}.}\right)\times {10}^{-4} $$ and B D + → K ¯ ∗ 892 0 e + ν e = 4.97 ± 0.11 stat . ± 0.12 syst . % $$ \mathcal{B}\left({D}^{+}\to {\overline{K}}^{\ast }{(892)}^0{e}^{+}{\nu}_e\right)=\left(4.97\pm {0.11}_{\textrm{stat}.}\pm {0.12}_{\textrm{syst}.}\right)\% $$ . In addition, the hadronic form-factor ratios of D + → K ¯ ∗ 892 0 e + ν e $$ {D}^{+}\to {\overline{K}}^{\ast }{(892)}^0{e}^{+}{\nu}_e $$ at q 2 = 0, assuming a single-pole dominance parameterization, are determined to be r V = V 0 A 1 0 = 1.43 ± 0.07 stat . ± 0.03 syst . $$ {r}_V=\frac{V(0)}{A_1(0)}=1.43\pm {0.07}_{\textrm{stat}.}\pm {0.03}_{\textrm{syst}.} $$ and r 2 = A 2 0 A 1 0 = 0.72 ± 0.06 stat . ± 0.02 syst . $$ {r}_2=\frac{A_2(0)}{A_1(0)}=0.72\pm {0.06}_{\textrm{stat}.}\pm {0.02}_{\textrm{syst}.} $$ .

China is one of the countries in the world with the most frequent occurrence of continental earthquakes and the greatest impacts of earthquake disasters. In particular, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a region characterized by a wide spatial distribution of continental earthquakes, shallow epicenters, complex seismic origins, and significant disaster losses, making it highly susceptible to seismic events. The need for seismic geological survey is becoming increasingly urgent in this area. Based on regional geological eological data，high-precision satellite remote sensing images and DEM elevation data，this paper interprets the active faults in the region of Xigaze. The results show that the active faults in the Xigaze area are mainly concentrated in the rift valleys and their periphery, with tectonic activity varying spatially. The tectonic activity of active faults in the eastern rift is stronger than that in the western rifts. Additionally，the tectonic activity of active faults in each rift also shows a clear segmentation feature. At the same time, this paper comprehensively considers the characteristics of active faults, topography and geomorphology and stratigraphic lithology in the Xigaze area. It preliminarily evaluates the potential risk of earthquake disasters in 204 towns under its jurisdiction. The results show that there are 57 towns with “extremely high risk” “high risk” and “high-medium risk” of earthquake disasters, accounting for about 28% of the total number of towns in the region.

Abstract A delicate balance between neural stem cell (NSC) quiescence and proliferation is important for adult neurogenesis and homeostasis. Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-dependent post-translational modifications cause rapid and reversible changes in protein functions. However, the role of the SUMO pathway during NSC reactivation and brain development is not established. Here, we show that the key components of the SUMO pathway play an important role in NSC reactivation and brain development in Drosophila. Depletion of SUMO/Smt3 or SUMO conjugating enzyme Ubc9 results in notable defects in NSC reactivation and brain development, while their overexpression leads to premature NSC reactivation. Smt3 protein levels increase with NSC reactivation, which is promoted by the Ser/Thr kinase Akt. Warts/Lats, the core protein kinase of the Hippo pathway, can undergo SUMO- and Ubc9-dependent SUMOylation at Lys766. This modification attenuates Wts phosphorylation by Hippo, leading to the inhibition of the Hippo pathway, and consequently, initiation of NSC reactivation. Moreover, inhibiting Hippo pathway effectively restores the NSC reactivation defects induced by SUMO pathway inhibition. Overall, our study uncovered an important role for the SUMO-Hippo pathway during Drosophila NSC reactivation and brain development.

Abstract Temperature plays an important impact on rock mechanical properties. In this paper, the mechanical properties, fracture mechanism and constitutive model of marble under 20–120 °C and 15 MPa are studied. The results show marble deformation can be divided into four stages: compaction, linear elasticity, crack propagation and post-peak failure. Stress–strain curve is not obviously affected by temperature. Macroscopic fracture characteristics change from shear failure to tensile mixed failure with temperature increasing. With the increase of temperature, the strength of marble tends to decrease, indicating that temperature increase has a weakening effect on marble, and there are temperature-sensitive areas of 20–60 °C and temperature sub-sensitive areas of 60–120 °C. The elastic modulus of marble decreases and Poisson’s ratio increases with increasing temperature. The energy evolution law of marble under different temperature is basically the same, which shows that before crack initiation, the energy dissipation is less, and after the damage and yielding occurs, the energy dissipation increases quickly. The energy dissipation in the failure process is mainly used for crack initiation-connection-penetration, as well as plastic deformation caused by friction and slip of cracks, and the plastic deformation and energy dissipation have good linear characteristics. The statistical damage constitutive model based on three-parameter Weibull distribution function can effectively reflect the characteristics of post-peak plastic deformation and strain softening. The weakening effect of marble at 20–120 °C is related to its internal moisture excitation. With the increase of temperature, water is stimulated to absorb and attach to the original relatively dry interface, which plays a role in lubrication. The relative motion friction resistance between solid particles or crack surfaces decreases, which leads to crack initiation and friction energy consumption reduction, changes the specific surface energy of rocks and weakens the strength of marble. The results provide a theoretical basis for predicting and evaluating the long-term stability and safety of surrounding rock of underground deep engineering in complex environment with high ground temperature and high geo-stress.

Abstract In a context characterized by the dual issues of educational inequality and problems with fertility, the internal relationship between these two factors requires further in-depth exploration. On the basis of data drawn from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2010 to 2018, this paper investigates whether “super high schools” in cities represent a form of educational inequality, uses a combination of a two-way fixed effect model with the instrumental variable method to discuss the influence of this situation on family fertility and the corresponding transmission mechanism, develops a proportional risk regression model, and expands our understanding of the influence of educational inequality on the second-child birth interval. This study reveals that educational inequality significantly suppresses the number of family births and that the paths of action associated with this effect include both the explicit and implicit costs of education. The inhibitory effect of educational inequality on the number of family births varies according to urban grade, urban or rural classification, and the education levels attained by women. In addition to decreasing the number of family births, educational inequality increases the second-child birth interval. This paper not only enriches related research on family multichild behavior but also provides an educational reference for attempts to address the issue of continuously low fertility rates in China and establish a connection between population and educational economics.

Abstract This research aimed to assess the validity of ultrasound scans with new features in detecting fetal anal atresia and verify the effectiveness of these new features. Additionally, we aimed at investigating the perinatal incidence of anal atresia. This multicenter prospective study recruited 94,617 normal gravidas and 84 gravidas with anal atresia fetuses. The gold standard for diagnosing perinatal anal atresia is routine neonatal anus examinations. The incidence calculation was based on the results of the gold standard. The validity of our new approach was evaluated via a diagnostic test involving all 94,701 subjects. The effectiveness of our new features was assessed through an ablation study in a randomly established new dataset, with the ratio of anal atresia to non-anal atresia cases of 1:4. The annual perinatal incidence of anal atresia between 2019 and 2023 ranges from 0.57‰ to 1.29‰. Our new method performed great regarding the Youden index, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROCC), AUC of the precision-recall curve (PRC), F1-score, and Cramer’s V. In the ablation study, our new approach surpassed its competitors concerning Youden index, DOR, AUC of the ROCC, and AUC of the PRC. Ultrasound scans show high validity and clinical value in detecting fetal anal atresia. Our new ultrasound features significantly promote the detection of fetal anal atresia.

Abstract Background Ribosome profiling (or Ribo-seq) is a technique that provides genome-wide information on the translational landscape (translatome). Across different plant studies, variable methodological setups have been described which raises questions about the general comparability of data that were generated from diverging methodologies. Furthermore, a common problem when performing Ribo-seq are abundant rRNA fragments that are wastefully incorporated into the libraries and dramatically reduce sequencing depth. To remove these rRNA contaminants, it is common to perform preliminary trials to identify these fragments because they are thought to vary depending on nuclease treatment, tissue source, and plant species. Results Here, we compile valuable insights gathered over years of generating Ribo-seq datasets from different species and experimental setups. We highlight which technical steps are important for maintaining cross experiment comparability and describe a highly efficient approach for rRNA removal. Furthermore, we provide evidence that many rRNA fragments are structurally preserved over diverse nuclease regimes, as well as across plant species. Using a recently published cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the tobacco 80S ribosome, we show that the most abundant rRNA fragments are spatially derived from the solvent-exposed surface of the ribosome. Conclusion The guidelines presented here shall aid newcomers in establishing ribosome profiling in new plant species and provide insights that will help in customizing the methodology for individual research goals.

Abstract Systemic infection with Candida albicans poses a significant risk for people with weakened immune systems and carries a mortality rate of up to 60%. However, current therapeutic options have several limitations, including increasing drug tolerance, notable off-target effects, and severe adverse reactions. Over the past four decades, the progress in developing drugs to treat Candida albicans infections has been sluggish. This comprehensive review addresses the limitations of existing drugs and summarizes the efforts made toward redesigning and innovating existing or novel drugs through nanotechnology. The discussion explores the potential applications of nanomedicine in Candida albicans infections from four perspectives: nano-preparations for anti-biofilm therapy, innovative formulations of “old drugs” targeting the cell membrane and cell wall, reverse drug resistance therapy targeting subcellular organelles, and virulence deprivation therapy leveraging the unique polymorphism of Candida albicans. These therapeutic approaches are promising to address the above challenges and enhance the efficiency of drug development for Candida albicans infections. By harnessing nano-preparation technology to transform existing and preclinical drugs, novel therapeutic targets will be uncovered, providing effective solutions and broader horizons to improve patient survival rates. Graphical abstracts

Choerospondias axillaries (CA) is an important fast-growing afforestation tree species in southern China, and its fruit has medicinal and edible value. High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the composition and content of sugar and acid in CA fruits from different provenances, and cluster analysis was conducted on different provenances. The results showed that the total sugar content of CA fruit ranged from 49.31 to 139.41 mg/g, with sucrose accounting for the highest proportion of total sugar, followed by glucose, and fructose was the lowest. The total acid content of CA fruit ranged from 47.97 to 82.81 mg/g, with citric acid accounting for 67.09% of the total acid, followed by ascorbic acid, quinic acid, tartaric acid, and malic acid. Cluster analysis was conducted on 20 CA fruits, which were divided into 4 categories. It was recommended to develop N19 fruit had the highest content of sucrose and glucose, and the highest sweetness value, sugar-acid ratio and sweet-acid ratio. It can be suggested to be developed as a high-sugar fresh food source. N02 fruit with high sugar and high acid content can be used as a raw material for fruit cake processing. This result provides an important reference for the quality evaluation and rational development and utilization of CA.

Abstract By analyzing e + e − annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb −1 collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, the first observation of the semileptonic decays D 0 → K S 0 π − π 0 e + ν e $$ {D}^0\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^{-}{\pi}^0{e}^{+}{\nu}_e $$ and D + → K S 0 π + π − e + ν e $$ {D}^{+}\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^{+}{\pi}^{-}{e}^{+}{\nu}_e $$ is reported. In the hypothesis that all events correspond to K 1(1270) decays, the branching fractions are measured to be B D 0 → K 1 1270 − → K S 0 π − π 0 e + ν e = 1.69 − 0.46 + 0.53 ± 0.15 × 10 − 4 $$ \mathcal{B}\left({D}^0\to {K}_1{(1270)}^{-}\left(\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^{-}{\pi}^0\right){e}^{+}{\nu}_e\right)=\left({1.69}_{-0.46}^{+0.53}\pm 0.15\right)\times {10}^{-4} $$ and B D + → K ¯ 1 1270 0 → K S 0 π + π − e + ν e = 1.47 − 0.40 + 0.45 ± 0.14 × 10 − 4 $$ \mathcal{B}\left({D}^{+}\to {\overline{K}}_1{(1270)}^0\left(\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^{+}{\pi}^{-}\right){e}^{+}{\nu}^e\right)=\left({1.47}_{-0.40}^{+0.45}\pm 0.14\right)\times {10}^{-4} $$ with statistical significance of 5.4σ and 5.6σ, respectively. When combined with measurements of the K 1(1270) → K + π − π decays, the absolute branching fractions are determined to be B D 0 → K 1 1270 − e + ν e = 1.08 − 0.13 − 0.10 + 0.14 + 0.08 ± 0.21 × 10 − 3 $$ \mathcal{B}\left({D}^0\to {K}_1{(1270)}^{-}{e}^{+}{\nu}_e\right)=\left({1.08}_{-0.13-0.10}^{+0.14+0.08}\pm 0.21\right)\times {10}^{-3} $$ and B D + → K ¯ 1 1270 0 e + ν e = 1.70 − 0.23 + 0.26 ± 0.13 ± 0.35 × 10 − 3 $$ \mathcal{B}\left({D}^{+}\to {\overline{K}}_1{(1270)}^0{e}^{+}{\nu}_e\right)=\left({1.70}_{-0.23}^{+0.26}\pm 0.13\pm 0.35\right)\times {10}^{-3} $$ . The first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively, and the third uncertainties originate from the assumed branching fractions of the K 1(1270) → Kππ decays.

Abstract This study explores tourism implicit conflict and its spatial dynamics in rural China. It proposes that residents in different spatial structures within tourism communities perceive implicit conflicts differently. Data were collected through public participatory geographic information system (PPGIS) mapping and semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that conflict perceptions vary by residential structures. Residents in core and peripheral areas experienced heightened economic and cultural conflicts. In contrast, those in expanded areas were more concerned with issues of tourism governance. The study also highlights two key spatial aspects of perceived conflict: internality, the overlap within their residential areas, and significant externality, which spreads across the entire ancient town. From a combined spatial and psychological perspective, this study proposes the concept of spatial relative deprivation to explain resident’s perceived tourism implicit conflict. This study affirms that qualitative-spatial analysis sheds light on socio-cultural phenomena, contributing to a more nuanced understanding of the underlying conflict mechanisms in a spatially explicit manner. The findings suggest that tourism planning should consider the intrinsic and micro-values of communities.

Abstract Heat stress is a serious problem that affects animal husbandry by reducing growth and reproductive performance of animals. Adding plant extracts to the diet is an effective way to help overcome this problem. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) is a natural non-toxic antioxidant with multiple biological activities. This study analyzed the potential mechanism of AOS in alleviating heat stress and improving semen quality in boars through a combination of multiple omics tools. The results indicated that AOS could significantly increase sperm motility (P

Abstract Background Bi-allelic variants in DNAH11 have been identified as causative factors in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, leading to abnormal respiratory cilia. Nonetheless, the specific impact of these variants on human sperm flagellar and their involvement in male infertility remain largely unknown. Methods A collaborative effort involving two Chinese reproductive centers conducted a study with 975 unrelated infertile men. Whole-exome sequencing was employed for variant screening, and Sanger sequencing confirmed the identified variants. Morphological and ultrastructural analyses of sperm were conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Western Blot Analysis and Immunofluorescence Analysis were utilized to assess protein levels and localization. ICSI was performed to evaluate its efficacy in achieving favorable pregnancy outcomes for individuals with DNAH11 variants. Results In this study, we identified seven novel variants in the DNAH11 gene in four asthenoteratozoospermia subjects. These variants led the absence of DNAH11 proteins and ultrastructure defects in sperm flagella, particularly affecting the outer dynein arms (ODAs) and adjacent structures. The levels of ODA protein DNAI2 and axoneme related proteins were down regulated, instead of inner dynein arms (IDA) proteins DNAH1 and DNAH6. Two out of four individuals with DNAH11 variants achieved clinical pregnancies through ICSI. The findings confirm the association between male infertility and bi-allelic deleterious variants in DNAH11, resulting in the aberrant assembly of sperm flagella and contributing to asthenoteratozoospermia. Importantly, ICSI emerges as an effective intervention for overcoming reproductive challenges caused by DNAH11 gene variants.

Abstract Using e + e − annihilation data sets corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.5 fb −1, collected with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.699 GeV, we report the first measurements of the absolute branching fractions B Λ c + → p K L 0 $$ \mathcal{B}\left({\Lambda}_c^{+}\to p{K}_L^0\right) $$ = (1.67 ± 0.06 ± 0.04)%, B Λ c + → p K L 0 π + π − $$ \mathcal{B}\left({\Lambda}_c^{+}\to p{K}_L^0{\pi}^{+}{\pi}^{-}\right) $$ = (1.69 ± 0.10 ± 0.05)%, and B Λ c + → p K L 0 π 0 $$ \mathcal{B}\left({\Lambda}_c^{+}\to p{K}_L^0{\pi}^0\right) $$ = (2.02 ± 0.13 ± 0.05)%, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. Combining with the known branching fractions of Λ c + → p K S 0 $$ {\Lambda}_c^{+}\to p{K}_S^0 $$ , Λ c + → p K S 0 π + π − $$ {\Lambda}_c^{+}\to p{K}_S^0{\pi}^{+}{\pi}^{-} $$ , and Λ c + → p K S 0 π 0 $$ {\Lambda}_c^{+}\to p{K}_S^0{\pi}^0 $$ , we present the first measurements of the K S 0 $$ {K}_S^0 $$ - K L 0 $$ {K}_L^0 $$ asymmetries R Λ c + K S , L 0 X = B Λ c + → K S 0 X − B Λ c + → K L 0 X B Λ c + → K S 0 X + B Λ c + → K L 0 X $$ R\left({\Lambda}_c^{+},{K}_{S,L}^0X\right)=\frac{\mathcal{B}\left({\Lambda}_c^{+}\to {K}_S^0X\right)-\mathcal{B}\left({\Lambda}_c^{+}\to {K}_L^0X\right)}{\mathcal{B}\left({\Lambda}_c^{+}\to {K}_S^0X\right)+\mathcal{B}\left({\Lambda}_c^{+}\to {K}_L^0X\right)} $$ in charmed baryon decays: R Λ c + p K S , L 0 = − 0.025 ± 0.031 $$ R\left({\Lambda}_c^{+},p{K}_{S,L}^0\right)=-0.025\pm 0.031 $$ , R Λ c + p K S , L 0 π + π − = − 0.027 ± 0.048 $$ R\left({\Lambda}_c^{+},p{K}_{S,L}^0{\pi}^{+}{\pi}^{-}\right)=-0.027\pm 0.048 $$ and R Λ c + p K S , L 0 π 0 = − 0.015 ± 0.046 $$ R\left({\Lambda}_c^{+},p{K}_{S,L}^0{\pi}^0\right)=-0.015\pm 0.046 $$ . No significant asymmetries with statistical significance are observed.

Abstract The rapid growth of offshore wind farms (OWFs) is driven by concerns for energy security and climate change mitigation. However, their impact on marine environments remains poorly understood due to limited research. This study analyzes the effects of an OWF along China's Jiangsu Coast on seawater quality using data from different development phases. Results show the major pollutants were different across phases. Heavy metal pollution reached alert levels during construction compared to the safe levels observed in the pre-construction and operational phases, mainly due to increases in Pb, Cd, and Hg concentrations. Eutrophication was mild throughout all periods but exhibited a continuous decrease, primarily attributed to reductions in PH and COD concentrations. As a result, the comprehensive pollution level during construction was increased, but it was improved to a clean level during the operational phase. Besides, significant variations were observed in the spatial distribution patterns of major pollutant indices across different scenarios. These changes may stem from a combination effect of land-based pollution, aquaculture, OWF-induced disturbances to atmosphere and hydrodynamics, OWF-related drain and leakage contamination, and marine management policies. Understanding these effects informs OWF optimization, rational wind resource utilization, and marine ecology protection.

Abstract Background Lipid droplet (LD) is a metabolically active organelle, which changes dynamically with the metabolic state and energy requirements of cells. Proteins that either insert into the LD phospholipid monolayer or are present in the cytoplasm, playing a crucial role in lipid homeostasis and signaling regulation, are known as LD-associated proteins. Methods The keywords “lipid droplets” and “metabolic diseases” were used to obtain literature on LD metabolism and pathological mechanism. After searching databases including Scopus, OVID, Web of Science, and PubMed from 2013 to 2024 using terms like “lipid droplets”, “lipid droplet-associated proteins”, “fatty liver disease”, “diabetes”, “diabetic kidney disease”, “obesity”, “atherosclerosis”, “hyperlipidemia”, “natural drug monomers” and “natural compounds”, the most common natural compounds were identified in about 954 articles. Eventually, a total of 91 studies of 10 natural compounds reporting in vitro or in vivo studies were refined and summarized. Results The most frequently used natural compounds include Berberine, Mangostin, Capsaicin, Caffeine, Genistein, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, Chlorogenic acid, Betaine, Ginsenoside, Resveratrol. These natural compounds interact with LD-associated proteins and help ameliorate abnormal LDs in various metabolic diseases. Conclusion Natural compounds involved in the regulation of LDs and LD-associated proteins hold promise for treating metabolic diseases. Further research into these interactions may lead to new therapeutic applications. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to compare plasma concentrations of anesthetic drugs administered during Cesarean section with low Apgar score in neonates deliveried under general anesthesia and analyze associated risk factors. Methods Data from 76 neonates undergoing Cesarean section under general anesthesia with blood concentrations of anesthetic drugs were analyzed. A low Apgar score was defined as ≤ 7. Perioperative maternal and neonatal data were collected and analyzed. Neonates were divided into a control group (Group CON, n = 65) and a low Apgar score group (Group LAS, n = 11) based on Apgar score. Results There were no significant differences in the plasma concentrations of anesthetic drugs in maternal artery, umbilical vein or umbilical artery blood between the two groups. Risk factors for neonatal low Apgar scores during Cesarean section under general anesthesia were premature delivery (aOR 10.2, 95% CI = 1.8–56.9) and preoperative fetal distress (aOR 9.6, 95% CI = 1.3–69.0). The prediction model was: probability = 1/(e‑Y), Y= -4.607 + 2.318× (premature delivery) + 2.261× (fetal distress) (yes = 1, no = 0). The Hosmer–Lemeshow test showed χ²= 9.587, P = 0.213, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.850 (0.670 ~ 1.000). With a cutoff value of 0.695, sensitivity and specificity were 81.8% and 87.7%, respectively. Conclusions There was no correlation between blood concentration of general anesthetic drugs and Apgar score or occurrence of neonatal low Apgar scores. Premature delivery and preoperative fetal distress were identified as independent risk factors for neonatal low Apgar scores after Cesarean section under general anesthesia.

Objective: To extract Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) from Astragalus membranaceus using compound enzymes (including papain, pectinase and cellulase), and to analyze the effect of process conditions on APS extraction. Methods: Orthogonal experiments were conducted to determine the proportion of compound enzymes. The response surface method was used to optimize the conditions of extracting APS with compound enzymes. The optimal process condition was obtained, and the α-glucosidase-inhibiting effect of APS was evaluated by pNPG method. Results: For 5 g of Astragalus herbs, the optimal ratio of papain, pectinase and cellulase were 88000 U, 65000 U and 6000 U, respectively. The optimal extraction condition was as follows: time of 2.82 h, temperature at 60.34 ℃, pH of 5.11, and solid-liquid ratio of 1:34.46 g/mL. The yield of APS under the optimal condition was up to 22.79%±0.14%. The half-inhibition concentration (IC50) of APS for α-glucosidase was 7.42 μg/mL. Conclusion: The yield of APS by compound enzymes is significantly higher than that by single enzymes, and APS can effectively inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of anterior-segment structure on vault and position after implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation using ultrasound biomicroscopy. Methods: The retrospective case-control study included insufficient vault eyes (750 µm). The preoperative biometric parameters of the anterior-segment structure and basic data between the three groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Results: There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the three groups in maximum ciliary body thickness (CBTmax), iris-zonule distance (IZD), and trabecular-ciliary angle (TCA). The vault gradually decreased as CBTmax decreased and TCA increased. In the pairwise comparison, the CBTmax comparison between the insufficient vault (750 µm) group was statistically significant (P = 0.024, 95% CI: −0.17–0.017 µm); the TCA comparison between the insufficient vault (750 µm) group was statistically significant (P = 0.005, 95% CI: 1.78°–12.15°); The IZD comparison between the insufficient vault (750 µm) group was statistically significant (P = 0.037, 95% CI: 0.0027–0.1119 µm). The analysis of 284 ICL haptics locations showed that there were 16.67%, 32.69%, and 70.83% haptics located in the ciliary sulcus in three groups, respectively. Conclusion: The vault and ICL haptics position are related to anterior-segment structure. A thinner and posteriorly positioned ciliary body would increase the risk of low vault and fewer ICL haptics located in the ciliary sulcus after ICL implantation. This provides guidance for the selection of the ICL size and placement position before surgery.

Abstract The processes h c → γP (P = η′, η, π 0) are studied with a sample of (27.12 ± 0.14) × 108 ψ(3686) events collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The decay h c → γη is observed for the first time with the significance of 9.0 σ, and the branching fraction is determined to be (3.77 ± 0.55 ± 0.13 ± 0.26) × 10 −4, while B $$ \mathcal{B} $$ (h c → γη′) is measured to be (1.40 ± 0.11 ± 0.04 ± 0.10) × 10 −3, where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second systematic, and the third from the branching fraction of ψ(3686) → π 0 h c . The combination of these results allows for a precise determination of R h c = B h c → γη B h c → γ η ′ , $$ {R}_{h_c}=\frac{\mathcal{B}\left({h}_c\to {\pi}^0\gamma \eta \right)}{\mathcal{B}\left({h}_c\to {\pi}^0\gamma {\eta}^{\prime}\right)}, $$ which is calculated to be (27.0 ± 4.4 ± 1.0)%. The results are valuable for gaining a deeper understanding of η − η′ mixing, and its manifestation within quantum chromodynamics. No significant signal is found for the decay h c → γπ 0, and an upper limit is placed on its branching fraction of B $$ \mathcal{B} $$ (h c → γπ 0) < 5.0 × 10 −5, at the 90% confidence level.

Abstract Background Prior antibiotic exposure has been identified as a risk factor for VAP occurrence, making it a growing concern among clinical practitioners. But there is a lack of systematic research on the types of antibiotics and the duration of exposure that influence VAP occurrence in children at current. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 278 children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and underwent invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) between January 2020 and December 2022. Of these, 171 patients with MV duration ≥ 48 h were included in the study, with 61 of them developing VAP (VAP group) and the remaining 110 as the non-VAP group. We analyzed the relationship between early antibiotic exposure and VAP occurrence. Results The incidence of VAP was 21.94% (61/278). The VAP group had significantly longer length of hospital stay (32.00 vs. 20.00 days, p

Abstract Background H2S imbalances in the intestinal tract trigger Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disorder characterized by microbiota dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction. However, a comprehensive understanding of H2S generation in the gut, and the contributions of both microbiota and host to systemic H2S levels in CD, remain to be elucidated. This investigation aimed to enhance comprehension regarding the sulfidogenic potential of both the human host and the gut microbiota. Results Our analysis of a treatment-naive CD cohorts' fecal metagenomic and biopsy metatranscriptomic data revealed reduced expression of host endogenous H2S generation genes alongside increased abundance of microbial exogenous H2S production genes in correlation with CD. While prior studies focused on microbial H2S production via dissimilatory sulfite reductases, our metagenomic analysis suggests the assimilatory sulfate reduction (ASR) pathway is a more significant contributor in the human gut, given its high prevalence and abundance. Subsequently, we validated our hypothesis experimentally by generating ASR-deficient E. coli mutants ∆cysJ and ∆cysM through the deletion of sulfite reductase and L-cysteine synthase genes. This alteration significantly affected bacterial sulfidogenic capacity, colon epithelial cell viability, and colonic mucin sulfation, ultimately leading to colitis in murine model. Further study revealed that gut microbiota degrade sulfopolysaccharides and assimilate sulfate to produce H2S via the ASR pathway, highlighting the role of sulfopolysaccharides in colitis and cautioning against their use as food additives. Conclusions Our study significantly advances understanding of microbial sulfur metabolism in the human gut, elucidating the complex interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host sulfur metabolism. We highlight the microbial ASR pathway as an overlooked endogenous H2S producer and a potential therapeutic target for managing CD. Video Abstract

Abstract Background Sirolimus is increasingly utilized in treating diseases associated with mTOR pathway overactivation. Despite its potential, the lack of evidence regarding its long-term safety across all age groups, particularly in pediatric patients, has limited its further application. This study aims to assess the long-term safety of sirolimus, with a specific focus on its impact on growth patterns in pediatric patients. Methods This pooled analysis inlcudes two prospective cohort studies spanning 10 years, including 1,738 participants (aged 5 days to 69 years) diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis and/or lymphangioleiomyomatosis. All participants were mTOR inhibitor-naive and received 1 mg/m²/day of sirolimus, with dose adjustments during a two-week titration period to maintain trough blood concentrations between 5 and 10 ng/ml (maximum dose 2 mg). Indicators of physical growth, hematopoietic, liver, renal function, and blood lipid levels were all primary outcomes and were analyzed. The adverse events and related management were also recorded. Results Sirolimus administration did not lead to deviations from normal growth ranges, but higher doses exhibited a positive association with Z-scores exceeding 2 SD in height, weight, and BMI. Transient elevations in red blood cell and white blood cell counts, along with hyperlipidemia, were primarily observed within the first year of treatment. Other measured parameters remained largely unchanged, displaying only weak correlations with drug use. Stomatitis is the most common adverse event (920/1738, 52.9%). In adult females, menstrual disorders were observed in 48.5% (112/217). Conclusions Sirolimus’s long-term administration is not associated with adverse effects on children’s physical growth pattern, nor significant alterations in hematopoietic, liver, renal function, or lipid levels. A potential dose-dependent influence on growth merits further exploration. Trial registration Pediatric patients: Chinese clinical trial registry, No. ChiCTR-OOB-15,006,535. Adult patients: ClinicalTrials, No. NCT03193892.

Abstract Biomolecular condensates are broadly implicated in both normal cellular regulation and disease. Consequently, several chemical biology and optogenetic approaches have been developed to induce phase separation of a protein of interest. However, few tools are available to perform the converse function – dissolving a condensate of interest on demand. Such a tool would aid in testing whether the condensate plays specific functional roles. Here we show that light-gated recruitment of a solubilizing domain, maltose-binding protein (MBP), results in rapid and controlled dissolution of condensates formed from proteins of interest. Our optogenetic MBP-based dissolution strategy (OptoMBP) is rapid, reversible, and can be spatially controlled with subcellular precision. We also provide a proof-of-principle application of OptoMBP by disrupting condensation of the oncogenic fusion protein FUS-CHOP and reverting FUS-CHOP driven transcriptional changes. We envision that the OptoMBP system could be broadly useful for disrupting constitutive protein condensates to probe their biological functions.

Magnesium matrix composites have garnered significant attention in recent years owing to their exceptional lightweight properties and notable potential in various engineering applications. The interface generally acts as a “bridge” between the matrix and reinforcement, playing crucial roles in critical processes such as load transfer, failure behavior, and carrier transport. A deep understanding of the interfacial structures, properties, and effects holds paramount significance in the study of composites. This paper presents a comprehensive review of prior researches related to the interface of Mg matrix composites. Firstly, the different interfacial structures and interaction mechanisms encompassing mechanical, physical, and chemical bonding are introduced. Subsequently, the interfacial mechanical properties and their influence on the overall properties are discussed. Finally, the paper addresses diverse interface modification methods including matrix alloying and reinforcement surface treatment.

Soybean is a broadly popular and extensively cultivated crop, however, many high-yield and high-quality varieties require specific growth conditions, restricting their widespread adoption. The appropriate light conditions and photoperiod must be attained for these varieties to thrive in new environments. In this study, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 to design two sgRNAs aimed at knocking out the maturity-related gene E4 in a major American soybean variety called ''Jack'', which belongs to maturity group MGII. E4 gene is primarily involved in the photoperiodic flowering and maturity in soybean, making it an ideal candidate for genetic manipulation. We successfully obtained 1 homozygous E4-SG1 mutant type with 1-bp insertion, and 4 homozygous E4-SG2 mutants type with 2-bp deletion, 7-bp deletion, 61-bp deletion, and 1-bp insertion, respectively. The homozygous e4 mutant plants contained early termination codons devoid of transgenic elements. Additionally, no potential off-target sites of the E4 gene were detected. A comparative analysis revealed that, unlike the wild-type, the maturity time of homozygous e4 mutants was early under both short-day and long-day conditions. These mutants offer novel germplasm resources that may be used to modify the photoperiod sensitivity and maturity of soybean, enhancing its adaptability to high-latitude regions.

Objective To investigate the safety of regular plasma donors aged 55 to 60, so as to provide reference for retention and recruitment of elderly plasma donors in China. Methods Plasma donors from 9 blood products manufacturing enterprises from 2018 to 2020 and the local general population were selected as the research objects. The total protein level, albumin and globulin ratio(ALB/GLB, A/G) and adverse reactions of plasma donation of regular plasma donors and local general population were retrospectively analyzed. Results The total protein level (g/L) and A/G of plasma donors aged 56 to 60 and the general population were 61.21±5.62 vs 60.04±6.93 and 1.610±0.299 vs 1.635±0.330, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant. The total protein level of regular plasma donors was higher than that of general population, but A/G was slightly lower than that of general population. From 2018 to 2020, there were a total of 23 056 302 plasma donations in 108 plasma stations, and adverse reactions occurred in 20 932 donations, with a total incidence of 0.09%, with no serious adverse reactions. Conclusion It is safe for regular plasma donors aged 55 to 60 to donate plasma, and the retention of them can alleviate the pressure of plasma supply.

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that surgical technique errors especially the wrong bone tunnel position are the primary reason for the failure of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. In this study, we aimed to compare the femoral tunnel position and impact on knee function during the ACL reconstruction using measuring combined with fluoroscopy method and bony marker method for femoral tunnel localization. Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing ACL reconstruction using the bony marker method or measuring combined with fluoroscopy for femoral tunnel localization was conducted between January 2015 and January 2020. A second arthroscopic exploration was performed more than 1 year after surgery. Data regarding patient demographics, the femoral tunnel position, results of the Lysholm score, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, KT-1000 side-to-side difference, pivot shift grade, and Lachman grade of the knee were collected. Results A total of 119 patients were included in the final cohort. Of these, 42 cases were in the traditional method group, and 77 cases were in the measuring method group. The good tunnel position rate was 26.2% in the traditional method group and 81.8% in the measuring method group (p

Abstract Using e + e − collision data collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center-of-mass energies between 3.510 and 4.914 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 25 fb −1, we measure the Born cross sections for the process e + e − → K − Ξ ¯ + Λ / Σ 0 $$ {e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to {K}^{-}{\overline{\Xi}}^{+}\Lambda /{\Sigma}^0 $$ at thirty-five energy points with a partial-reconstruction strategy. By fitting the dressed cross sections of e + e − → K − Ξ ¯ + Λ / Σ 0 $$ {e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to {K}^{-}{\overline{\Xi}}^{+}\Lambda /{\Sigma}^0 $$ , evidence for ψ 4160 → K − Ξ ¯ + Λ $$ \psi (4160)\to {K}^{-}{\overline{\Xi}}^{+}\Lambda $$ is found for the first time with a significance of 4.4σ, including systematic uncertainties. No evidence for other possible resonances is found. In addition, the products of electronic partial width and branching fraction for all assumed resonances decaying into K − Ξ ¯ + Λ / Σ 0 $$ {K}^{-}{\overline{\Xi}}^{+}\Lambda /{\Sigma}^0 $$ are determined.

Objective: To investigate whether acupoint penetration acupuncture (APA) could regulate chondrocyte autophagy and apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway to reduce cartilage degeneration in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) rats. Methods: KOA was induced in rats via intra-articular injection of sodium iodoacetate resolution. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to blank control, model, APA, electro-acupuncture (EA), and sham model groups (n = 8) and those in the APA and EA groups received their respective therapies. Following completion of the treatment course, histological examinations of cartilage and muscle were conducted. Levels of apoptosis- and autophagy-related factors, including Bax, Bcl-2, mTOR, ULK-1, and Beclin-1 protein, and mRNAs were assessed. Additionally, β-endorphin (β-EP) concentrations in the brain and serum were measured. Results: Histological analysis revealed that APA alleviated cartilage and muscle damage compared with the model group. APA inhibited cartilage degeneration by modulating the expression of apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins and mRNA, thus preventing chondrocyte apoptosis. In the APA group, Bax and mTOR protein levels were significantly lower than those in the model group (both P = .024). Conversely, the Bcl-2 expression level was significantly higher than that in the EA group (P = .035). Additionally, ULK-1 expression was significantly lower than that in the EA group (P = .045). The mRNA level of Bax was significantly higher than that in the blank control group (P

Abstract With a sample of (10087 ± 44) × 106 J/ψ events accumulated with the BESIII detector, we analyze the decays η′ → π + π − l + l − (l = e, μ) via the process J/ψ → γη′. The branching fractions are measured to be B $$ \mathcal{B} $$ (η′ → π + π − e + e − ) = (2.45 ± 0.02(stat.) ± 0.08(syst.)) × 10 −3 and B $$ \mathcal{B} $$ (η′ → π + π − μ + μ − ) = (2.16 ± 0.12(stat.) ± 0.06(syst.)) × 10 −5, and the ratio is B η ′ → π + π − e + e − B η ′ → π + π − μ + μ − = 113.4 ± 0.9 stat . ± 3.7 syst . $$ \frac{\mathcal{B}\left({\eta}^{\prime}\to {\pi}^{+}{\pi}^{-}{e}^{+}{e}^{-}\right)}{\mathcal{B}\left({\eta}^{\prime}\to {\pi}^{+}{\pi}^{-}{\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}\right)}=113.4\pm 0.9\left(\textrm{stat}.\right)\pm 3.7\left(\textrm{syst}.\right) $$ . In addition, by combining the η′ → π + π − e + e − and η′ → π + π − μ + μ − decays, the slope parameter of the electromagnetic transition form factor is measured to be b η′ = 1.30 ± 0.19 (GeV/c 2) −2, which is consistent with previous measurements from BESIII and theoretical predictions from the VMD model. The asymmetry in the angle between the π + π − and l + l − decay planes, which has the potential to reveal the CP-violation originating from an unconventional electric dipole transition, is also investigated. The asymmetry parameters are determined to be A CP η ′ → π + π − e + e − = − 0.21 ± 0.73 stat . ± 0.01 syst . % $$ {\mathcal{A}}_{CP}\left({\eta}^{\prime}\to {\pi}^{+}{\pi}^{-}{e}^{+}{e}^{-}\right)=\left(-0.21\pm 0.73\left(\textrm{stat}.\right)\pm 0.01\left(\textrm{syst}.\right)\right)\% $$ and A CP η ′ → π + π − μ + μ − = 0.62 ± 4.71 stat . ± 0.08 syst . % $$ {\mathcal{A}}_{CP}\left({\eta}^{\prime}\to {\pi}^{+}{\pi}^{-}{\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}\right)=\left(0.62\pm 4.71\left(\textrm{stat}.\right)\pm 0.08\left(\textrm{syst}.\right)\right)\% $$ , implying that no evidence of CP-violation is observed at the present statistics. Finally, an axion-like particle is searched for via the decay η′ → π + π − a, a → e + e − , and upper limits of the branching fractions are presented for the mass assumptions of the axion-like particle in the range of 0 − 500 MeV/c 2.

Abstract Background and objective Developing harmonious doctor-patient relationships is a powerful way to promote the construction of a new pattern of medical reform in developing countries. We aim to analyze the effects of China’s hierarchical medical system on doctor-patient relationships, thus contributing to China’s medical and health system reform. Methods With panel data on prefectural-level cities in China from 2012 to 2019, we used a time-varying difference-in-differences model to evaluate the effect of hierarchical medical treatment policy. Results Hierarchical medical treatment policies can significantly improve doctor-patient relationships, and this conclusion is supported by various robustness tests. And improving doctor-patient relationships can be indirectly realized by the optimization of resource allocation and saving of medical costs. In addition, the marginal effect of the pilot policy on doctor-patient relationships decreased with age within the city population. In focal cities and cities with high levels of fiscal spending on health care, the effect of the pilot policy on doctor-patient relationships was stronger. Conclusion While reinforcing the literature on the doctor-patient relationship, this study also provides a reference for further exploration of the pilot policy of hierarchical medical treatment and the development of new medical and health system reform in developing countries.

The recognition, repetition and prediction of the post-failure motion process of long-runout landslides are key scientific problems in the prevention and mitigation of geological disasters. In this study, a new numerical method involving LPF3D based on a multialgorithm and multiconstitutive model was proposed to simulate long-runout landslides with high precision and efficiency. The following results were obtained: (a) The motion process of landslides showed a steric effect with mobility, including gradual disintegration and spreading. The sliding mass can be divided into three states (dense, dilute and ultradilute) in the motion process, which can be solved by three dynamic regimes (friction, collision, and inertial); (b) Coupling simulation between the solid grain and liquid phases was achieved, focusing on drag force influences; (c) Different algorithms and constitutive models were employed in phase-state simulations. The volume fraction is an important indicator to distinguish different state types and solid‒liquid ratios. The flume experimental results were favorably validated against long-runout landslide case data; and (d) In this method, matched dynamic numerical modeling was developed to better capture the realistic motion process of long-runout landslides, and the advantages of continuum media and discrete media were combined to improve the computational accuracy and efficiency. This new method can reflect the realistic physical and mechanical processes in long-runout landslide motion and provide a suitable method for risk assessment and pre-failure prediction.

Abstract We measured the Born cross sections for the process e + e − → ωη′ at 22 center-of-mass energies from 2.000 to 3.080 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. We observed a resonant structure with a statistical significance of 9.6σ. A Breit-Wigner fit determines its mass to be M R = (2153 ± 30 ± 31) MeV/c 2 and its width to be Γ R = (167 ± 77 ± 7) MeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.

Abstract Sugars will be eventually effluxed transporters (SWEETs) have been confirmed to play diverse physiological roles in plant growth, development and stress response. However, the characteristics and functions of the SWEET genes in Hemerocallis citrina remain unclear and poorly elucidated. In this study, the whole genome of Hemerocallis citrina was utilized to conduct bioinformatics analysis and a total of 19 HcSWEET genes were successfully identified. Analysis of the physicochemical properties indicated dominant differences among these HcSWEETs. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that HcSWEET proteins can be divided into 4 clades ranging from Clade I to IV, where proteins within the same clade exhibited shared conserved motifs and gene structures. Five to six exons were contained in the majority of HcSWEET genes, which were unevenly distributed across 11 chromosomes. The gene duplication analysis showed the presence of 4 gene pairs. Comparative syntenic maps revealed that the HcSWEET gene family might present more closed homology in monocotyledons than dicotyledons. Cis-acting element analysis of HcSWEET genes indicated key responsiveness to various hormones, light, and stresses. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing analysis suggested that most HcSWEET genes had a relatively higher expression in roots, and HcSWEET4a was significantly up-regulated under salt stress. Overexpression further verified the possibility that HcSWEET4a was involved in response to salt stress, which provides novel insights and facilitates in-depth studies of the functional analysis of HcSWEETs in resistance to abiotic stress.

Abstract The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) in non-centrosymmetric materials has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its potential to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit. Although these materials are strictly constrained by symmetry, progress has been made in artificially reducing symmetry to stimulate BPVE in wider systems. However, the complexity of these techniques has hindered their practical implementation. In this study, we demonstrate a large intrinsic photocurrent response in centrosymmetric topological insulator Ag2Te, attributed to the surface photogalvanic effect (SPGE), which is induced by symmetry reduction of the surface. Through diverse spatially-resolved measurements on specially designed devices, we directly observe that SPGE in Ag2Te arises from the difference between two opposite photocurrent flows generated from the top and bottom surfaces. Acting as an efficient SPGE material, Ag2Te demonstrates robust performance across a wide spectral range from visible to mid-infrared, making it promising for applications in solar cells and mid-infrared detectors. More importantly, SPGE generated on low-symmetric surfaces can potentially be found in various systems, thereby inspiring a broader range of choices for photovoltaic materials.

Abstract Graph augmentation plays a crucial role in graph contrastive learning. However, existing methods primarily optimize augmentations specific to particular datasets, which limits their robustness and generalization capabilities. To overcome these limitations, many studies have explored automated graph data augmentations. However, these approaches face challenges due to weak labels and data incompleteness. To tackle these challenges, we propose an innovative framework called Joint Data Augmentations for Automated Graph Contrastive Learning (JDAGCL). The proposed model first integrates two augmenters: a feature-level augmenter and an edge-level augmenter. The two augmenters learn whether to drop an edge or node to obtain optimized graph structures and enrich the information available for modeling and forecasting task. Moreover, we introduce two stage training strategy to further process the features extracted by the encoder and enhance their effectiveness for forecasting downstream task. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model JDAGCL achieves state-of-the-art performance compared to the latest baseline methods, with an average improvement of 14% in forecasting accuracy across multiple benchmark datasets.

Abstract The second-order nonlinear Hall effect (NLHE) in non-centrosymmetric materials has recently drawn intense interest, since its inherent rectification could enable various device applications such as energy harvesting and wireless charging. However, previously reported NLHE systems normally suffer from relatively small Hall voltage outputs and/or low working temperatures. In this study, we report the observation of a pronounced NLHE in tellurium (Te) thin flakes at room temperature. Benefiting from the semiconductor nature of Te, the obtained nonlinear response can be readily enhanced through electrostatic gating, leading to a second-harmonic output at 300 K up to 2.8 mV. By utilizing such a giant NLHE, we further demonstrate the potential of Te as a wireless Hall rectifier within the radiofrequency range, which is manifested by the remarkable and tunable rectification effect also at room temperature. Extrinsic scattering is then revealed to be the dominant mechanism for the NLHE in Te, with symmetry breaking on the surface playing a key role. As a simple elemental semiconductor, Te provides an appealing platform to advance our understanding of nonlinear transport in solids and to develop NLHE-based electronic devices.

The rotting wood in freshwater is a unique eco-environment favoring various fungi. During our investigation of freshwater fungi on decaying wood, three hyphomycetes were collected from Jiangxi and Guangxi Provinces, China. Based on the morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis of a combined DNA data containing ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1-α sequences, two new Trichobotrys species, T. meilingensis and T. yunjushanensis, as well as a new record of T. effusa, were introduced. Additionally, a comprehensive description of the genus with both morphological and molecular data was first provided.

Abstract Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is an emerging public health burden with a high rate of disability and mortality. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) has been reported to exert pyroptosis and play a critical role in the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases. We ought to determine the role of GSDMD in the regulation of perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemia (HLI). Our study revealed that GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis occurred in HLI. GSDMD deletion aggravated perfusion recovery and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. However, how GSDMD regulates angiogenesis after ischemic injury remains unclear. We then found that GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis exerted the angiogenic capacity in macrophages rather than endothelial cells after HLI. GSDMD deletion led to a lower level of CCL11 in mice serum. GSDMD knockdown in macrophages downregulated the expression and decreased the releasing level of CCL11. Furthermore, recombinant CCL11 improved endothelial functions and angiogenesis, which was attenuated by CCL11 antibody. Taken together, these results demonstrate that GSDMD promotes angiogenesis by releasing CCL11, thereby improving blood flow perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemic injury. Therefore, CCL11 may be a novel target for prevention and treatment of vascular ischemic diseases.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the photoprotection effect of peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) protein in ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation-induced damage of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and its possible molecular mechanism. Methods ARPE-19 cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the PRDX1 expression. The corresponding kits were employed to measure the levels or activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD). Western blotting was applied to examine PRDX1 expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-related proteins. Results After exposure to 20 mJ/cm2 intensity of UVB irradiation for 24 h, ARPE-19 cells viability was decreased, the leakage degree of LDH and 8-OHdG were increased, and cell apoptosis was elevated. The expression of PRDX1 was significantly down-regulated in UVB-induced ARPE-19 cells. The low expression of PRDX1 was involved in high irradiation intensity. Overexpression of PRDX1 increased cell activity, decreased cell apoptosis, and LDH as well as 8-OHdG leakage in UVB-induced ARPE-19 cells. In addition to alleviating UVB-induced cell damage, PRDX1 overexpression also inhibited UVB-induced oxidative stress (down-regulation of ROS and MDA levels, up-regulation of GSH-Px and SOD activities) and the activation of MAPK signaling pathway in ARPE-19 cells. Conclusion PRDX1 exerts a photoprotection effect on RPE by attenuating UVB-induced cell damage and inhibiting oxidative stress, which can be attributed to the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway activation.

ObjectiveEarly detection and prediction of Alzheimer's Disease are paramount for elucidating neurodegenerative processes and enhancing cognitive resilience. Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI) provides insights into brain morphology, while resting-state Magnetoencephalography (rsMEG) elucidates functional aspects. However, inherent disparities between these multimodal neuroimaging modalities pose challenges to the effective integration of multimodal features.ApproachTo address these challenges, we propose a deep learning-based multimodal classification framework for Alzheimer's disease, which harnesses the fusion of pivotal features from sMRI and rsMEG to augment classification precision. Utilizing the BioFIND dataset, classification trials were conducted on 163 Mild Cognitive Impairment cases and 144 cognitively Healthy Controls.ResultsThe study findings demonstrate that the InterFusion method, combining sMRI and rsMEG data, achieved a classification accuracy of 0.827. This accuracy significantly surpassed the accuracies obtained by rsMEG only at 0.710 and sMRI only at 0.749. Moreover, the evaluation of different fusion techniques revealed that InterFusion outperformed both EarlyFusion with an accuracy of 0.756 and LateFusion with an accuracy of 0.801. Additionally, the study delved deeper into the role of different frequency band features of rsMEG in fusion by analyzing six frequency bands, thus expanding the diagnostic scope.DiscussionThese results highlight the value of integrating resting-state rsMEG and sMRI data in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, demonstrating significant potential in the field of neuroscience diagnostics.

Abstract Current induced spin–orbit torque (SOT) manipulation of magnetization is pivotal in spintronic devices. However, its application for perpendicular magnetic anisotropy magnets, crucial for high‐density storage and memory devices, remains nondeterministic and inefficient. Here, a highly efficient approach is demonstrated to generate collinear spin currents by artificial modulation of interfacial symmetry, achieving 100% current‐induced field‐free SOT switching in CoFeB multilayers with perpendicular magnetization on stepped Al2O3 substrates. This field‐free switching is primarily driven by the out‐of‐plane anti‐damping SOT generated by the planar spin Hall effect (PSHE), resulting from reduced interface symmetry due to orientation‐determined steps. Microscopic theoretical analysis confirms the presence and significance of PSHE in this process. Notably, this method for generating out‐of‐plane spin polarization along the collinear direction of the spin‐current with artificial modulation of interfacial symmetry, overcomes inherent material symmetry constraints. These findings provide a promising avenue for universal control of spin–orbit torque, addressing challenges associated with low crystal symmetry and highlighting its great potential to advance the development of energy‐efficient spintronic devices technology.

Phosphorus is a key indicator for water quality management due to its role in eutrophication. The variety of phosphorus-containing substances necessitates highly sensitive detection of total phosphorus, particularly through automated methods, to ensure water safety. This study involved the independent development of a sensor featuring an automated in situ detection technique. Utilizing potassium persulfate high-temperature oxidation and phosphorus molybdenum blue spectrophotometry, total phosphorus was monitored in situ via sequential injection technology. Additionally, the detection process and reaction conditions of the sensor were optimized, and a temperature compensation algorithm and turbidity correction were applied to mitigate environmental factors. Under optimal conditions, the sensor demonstrated a detection limit of 1.9 µg/L with a range of 6.5–1000 µg/L in seawater, and 1.2 µg/L with a range of 4.1–2000 µg/L in freshwater. The digestion efficiency for five representative phosphorus-containing substances was found to range from 87.3% ± 1.7% to 103.1% ± 0.6%. Notably, the sensor was deployed for in situ operation at a marine experimental station and online at a river monitoring station. With its integration, low power consumption, and high precision, the sensor enabled long-term unattended monitoring, delivering accurate, stable, and reliable results.

The assessment of freeze desalination (FD) efficiency is lagging behind due to the lack of an effective means of determining ice total dissolved solid (TDS). In this paper, an ice TDS prediction model was constructed by utilizing the law of conservation of matter (LCMat) and conservation of mass (LCMas) in the icing process. It was concluded that the average TDS ice crystals in any icing process was correlated with the TDS of the raw (concentrated) water at the starting of freezing, the salt mass change rate of the concentrate water, and the volume of ice crystals. A one-way FD test was carried out using the saltwater from South Xinjiang, and the exponential equation model and linear equation model of LCMat-LCMas were derived, and the simulation accuracy of LCMat-LCMas was verified by using the test data. The results show that the model has high prediction accuracy. The exponential equation model is suitable for predicting the ice TDS for ice with thickness within 15 cm, and the linear equation is suitable for predicting the ice crystal TDS for ice thicker than 15 cm. Further validation of the model accuracy is needed for larger cooled areas and icing thicknesses, and multidirectional icing processes.

Soil evaporation plays a key role in regulating local climate and water loss. Stable isotope ratios of water (²H/¹H and ¹⁸O/¹⁶O) are effective tracers for studying water flux. This study examines three isotope-based indicators deuterium excess (d-excess), the slope of the soil water evaporation line (SEL), and line-conditioned excess (lc-excess) across three wheat growing seasons: wet, ordinary, and dry years. The influencing factors of d-excess, SEL, and lc-excess, respectively, soil, vegetation, and meteorology, were analyzed using various methods. Wheat yields varied significantly, reaching 6.69 t ha⁻¹ in wet years, 8.66 t ha⁻¹ in dry years, and 9.28 t ha⁻¹ in ordinary years. The lc-excess was highest in ordinary years, and d-excess peaked during dry years. A negative correlation between d-excess and SEL slope, and between lc-excess and SEL slope, was observed in dry and ordinary years (P0.05). Multivariate regression showed that net radiation (Rn) was the primary factor influencing SEL, contributing 54.19 %, 11.58 %, and 29.27 % in wet, dry, and ordinary years, respectively. Leaf area index (LAI) was the most significant factor affecting lc-excess (37.91 % in wet years, 32.22 % in dry, and 30.92 % in ordinary years). Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) affected d-excess in wet and ordinary years, while air (Ta) and soil temperature (Ts) were key in dry years. Variation partitioning revealed meteorological factors primarily influenced SEL, lc-excess, and d-excess in wet years, while soil, vegetation, and climate interactions had greater effects in dry and ordinary years. The lc-excess, integrating multiple factors, is a better indicator of soil evaporation than SEL.

Natural convection could arise even at ultra-low redox concentration solutions (1–10 mM). Models such as convection–diffusion layer model and spontaneous convection model have been established to describe this phenomenon. However, the driving forces as well as the parameters that influence this natural convection effects are still not clear. Herein we investigated the effects of viscosity on natural convection by introducing sodium alginate (SA), which enhanced viscosity without changing the diffusion coefficient of the redox couple. Resultantly, it allowed us to obtain the relationship between microscopic flow of solutions and the thickness of natural convection layer. Moreover, wire electrodes with various diameters were also tested to reveal the natural convection effects on mass transfer. An empirical equation was established to describing the influences of solution viscosity and diameter of wire electrode on the thickness of natural convection layer in ultra-low redox concentration solutions.

This meta-analytic review examines the relationships between foreign language teachers’ burnout and two key factors: (1) job satisfaction and (2) emotion regulation. The analysis incorporates data from 14 studies with 3,812 participants to quantify these relationships and explore potential moderating factors. The results indicate a significant negative correlation between burnout and job satisfaction, as well as a strong negative correlation between burnout and emotion regulation. Moderator analyses reveal that country, educational setting, and education stage significantly influence these relationships. However, continuous moderators such as gender distribution and publication year did not significantly affect the outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of considering contextual factors in addressing burnout among foreign language teachers and suggest targeted interventions to enhance emotion regulation and job satisfaction in this population.