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ObjectiveTo propose a method based on intraoperative ankle acupoint X-ray fluoroscopy to determine the safe area of screw fixation surgery for posterior ankle fractures using the posteromedial vertical syndesmotic line(PVSL). MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 21 cases of Lauge-Hansen type Ⅲ-Ⅳ posterior malleolar fractures fixed with hollow screws in Danyang peoples Hospital from October 2019 to June 2021. During the operation, the radiological safety area was determined the screw which located within 1-2 mm of the tibia side of PVSL under ankle acupoint fluoroscopy of C-arm X-ray machine, and the quality of screw placement was evaluated by three-dimensional reconstruction of multi-slice spiral CT scan after operation. ResultsUnder intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy, the posterior ankle screw was inserted within 1-2mm of the tibial side of the PVSL, and no screw entered the lower tibiofibular joint. The posterior ankle fracture block was effectively fixed. The follow-up time was 12-18(15.24 ±4.37） months. Among 21 patients, there were no complication such as sural nerve injury, abnormal hallux flexion, and all incisions healed in grade A. There was no re-displacement, delayed union, or non union of the fractures. One year after surgery, the ankle joint AOFAS score was(86.74 ± 10.84), and the excellent and good rate was 95.2%. ConclusionUnder intraoperatiue X-ray fluoroscopy, the placement of posterior ankle screws within 1-2mm of the tibial side of PVSL can improve the accuracy of screw placement and avoid injury caused by screw entry into the lower tibiofibular joint. PVSL can provide an imaging reference for the safe range of implant placement in posterior ankle fractures.

In this paper the observation of sodium (Na) layer in mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region over complete diurnal cycles based on broadband Na lidar at Yanqing Station, Beijing, China (40.5°N,116°E ) was reported. Faraday filters with dual-channel design were used in the lidar receiving unit to suppress the strong background light in the daytime, which allow observation of Na layer with an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under sunlit condition. Several special structures of Na layer observed in the daytime was discussed. The simultaneous continuous observation of zonal wind by meteor radar was presented for comparison. These observation results can provide direct and reliable supports for the study of mesopause dynamics and solar effect on Na layer.

We report on the first observation of mesospheric cloud (MC) at the altitude range of 50-65 km with lidars at Yanqing (40.5°N, 116°E) and Pingquan (41°N, 118.7°E) on 30 October 2018. The MC occurred at the 51-56 km altitude range during the hours of dawn. It had an obvious double-layer structure, but the cloud layer was sparse. The MC was re-observed at the 56-62 km altitude range in the twilight, and the double-layer structure was still obvious. However, the cloud layer became thicker with a maximum volume backscatter coefficient (BSC) 3.1×10−10m−1sr−1. Atmospheric temperature structure was derived according to the lidar observations, and it was found that, several hours before the MC occurrence, a temperature anomaly with coldest temperature ~185 K was propagating downward at the altitudes of 50-65 km. This MC layer was simultaneously observed with lidar at Pingquan in the twilight. It could be a regional MC event and possibly formed locally by a transient cooling due to small-scale disturbances in the mesosphere.

This paper deals with global imbalances as an increasingly important issue in our age. While the literature establishes that current accounts are inversely related to the ratio of income to consumption inequality in OECD, our study finds that this relationship is reversed in Asia. That ratio has much to do with various schemes of consumption smoothing, which are affected by policy interventions to alleviate the effects of rising income inequality. Different policies may generate opposite outcomes. In OECD, policy encourages consumer credit and deficit spending among low-income people so that consumption inequality is kept artificially low, leading up to a current account deficit. In Asia, policy promotes output growth via high savings with no well-developed smoothing schemes designed to help poor households, so that consumption inequality moves in line with income inequality, with excess savings recycled into a current account surplus. Hence, any reduction in global imbalances requires both regions to adjust their policies for mitigating income inequality and optimizing smoothing schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production represents a substantial opportunity to curtail production expenditures and exhibits considerable potential for various industrial applications. Platinum-based precious metals exhibit excellent activity for water electrolysis. However, their limited reserves and high costs impede their widespread use on a large scale. Single-atom catalysts, characterized by low loading and high utilization efficiency, represent a viable alternative, and the development of simple synthesis methods can facilitate their practical application. In this work, we report the facile synthesis of a single-atom Pt-loaded NiCoFeSx (Pt@NiCoFeSx) bifunctional catalytic electrode using a simple impregnation method on a nickel foam substrate. The resulting electrode exhibits low overpotentials for both HER (60 mV@10 mA cm−2) and OER (201 mV@10 mA cm−2) in alkaline seawater electrolytes. When incorporated into a seawater electrolyzer, this electrode achieves a direct current energy consumption of only 4.18 kWh/Nm3H2 over a 100 h test period with negligible decay. These findings demonstrate the potential of our approach for industrial-scale seawater electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panicle-type structure is an important factor affecting rice yield, and an excellent panicle type has become a key indicator in rice breeding. In this study, the indica rice variety R766, which has an open panicle type, was obtained through natural mutation and hybrid selection. Through analyzing differences in panicle structure, panicle yield, and chemical composition between open panicle rice R766 and conventional panicle rice R2928, we found that the angles of the middle and lower branches in R766 were 186.99% and 135.93% greater than those in R2928, respectively. By comparing the grain-filling characteristics of different panicle positions in the two rice varieties, we found that the grain filling at the middle and lower panicle positions of R2928 was significantly lower, accompanied by an increase in the percentage of empty spikelets. However, in R766, the grain-filling rates in the middle and lower panicle positions were consistent with those in the upper panicle position, with significantly higher rates of grain filling and grain plumpness in the middle and lower panicle positions than in R2928. The empty grain rate at the lower panicle position of R766 was 15.25% lower than that of R2928, and the grain filling was 24.75% higher than that of R2928. Additionally, the variation in the 1000-grain weight of grains at different panicle positions in R766 was relatively small, with decreases of 1.55% and 0.38% in the middle and lower panicle positions, respectively, compared with the upper position, whereas R2928 showed decreases of 5.99% and 7.12% in the 1000-grain weight of grains at the middle and lower panicle positions, respectively, compared with the upper position. The cellulose content in the stems of R766 was 7.51% higher than that of R2928, with no significant difference in the cellulose content in the panicle axis and primary branches compared to R2928. The lignin content of the panicle axis in R766 was 8.03% higher than that in R2928, whereas there was no significant difference between the lignin content of the stems and primary branches. This preliminary study revealed the open panicle characteristics of R766 and the reasons for its high basal grain setting rate. This study provides a reference for promoting this open panicle-type indica rice variety to improve yield and disease resistance in environments with high humidity and low sunlight levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The environment in which rice is stored has a big influence on rice quality. Four rice cultivars with various amylose content types were kept at low temperatures (LT, 4 °C) and room temperature (RT, 20 °C) in this study: NAC: (Low‐amylose content <2%), LAC: (low‐amylose content, about 10%), MAC: (medium‐amylose content, about 17%) and HAC: (high‐amylose content, about 25%). After storage at two temperatures and comparison to the harvest year, the amylose content of 4 types increased, and the change range of the HAC was the lowest. The gel consistency held at LT was higher than that at RT. Under LT storage, the breakdown values of MAC and HAC greatly increased (0.47%–0.65%), but NAC significantly reduced. The enthalpy of gelatinisation (▵Hg) drastically reduced (7.81%–49.10%) from the harvest year. Regeneration enthalpy increased at the grain after being sealed for a year at LT (except HAC) and reduced noticeably at RT. With the exception of ▵Hg and pasting temperature, the DSC profiles had a positive correlation with gel consistency. HPV, CPV and SBV showed a positive correlation with amylose content. As a result, the ideal storage temperature should be chosen based on the amylose type and use of the rice during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unusual daytime F-region Field-Aligned Irregularities (FAIs) were observed by the HCOPAR and the satellites at low latitudes on 13 June 2022. These irregularities survived from night-time to the following afternoon at 15:00 LT. During daytime, they appeared as fossil structures with low Doppler velocities and narrow spectral widths. These characteristics indicated that they drifted along the magnetic field lines without apparent zonal velocity to low latitudes. Combining the observations of the ICON satellite and the Hainan Digisonde, we derived the movement trails of these daytime irregularities. We attributed their generation to the rapid ascent of the F-layer due to the fluctuation of IMF Bz during the quiet geomagnetic conditions. Subsequently, the influence of the substorm on the low-latitude ionosphere was investigated and simulated. The substorm caused the intense Joule heating that enhanced the southward neutral winds, carrying the neutral compositional disturbances to low latitudes and resulting in a negative storm effect in Southeast Asia. The negative storm formed a low-density circumstance and slowed the dissipation of the daytime FAIs. These results may provide new insights into the generation of post-midnight irregularities and their relationship with daytime fossil structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar eclipse traveled across South China in the afternoon on 21 June 2020. Five ionosondes located from mid‐to low‐latitudes and on both north and south of the eclipse path were applied to investigate the ionospheric responses. Both the zonal and meridional ranges of the observation region have exceeded 1,000 km. All the five ionosondes had observed the Intermediate Descending Layers (IDLs) simultaneously just after the eclipse maximum and this is a very small probability event. During the solar eclipse, the multi‐hop echoes above the Es, the rising Es to 150 km altitude, the plasma flux from above F2‐layer were also observed and analyzed. The descending trend of the IDLs and the peak height of F2‐layer (hmF2) shows great consistency, indicating the close relationship between the eclipse induced plasma flux and the IDLs. The traces of gravity waves were also found in the IDLs and F‐layer. The plasma flux may carry the ions to valley region and the eclipse produced gravity waves were responsible for the formation of the IDLs. Key Points: Five ionosondes observed the intermediate descending layers simultaneously just after the solar eclipse maximumThe descending trend of the intermediate layers is very similar to that of the F2‐layer peak heightsPlasma flux and gravity waves associated with the solar eclipse are suggested to induce the intermediate descending layers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]