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Here, we passivated the interfacial defects of ZnO/CsPbBr3 by inserting a NaSCN layer between the ZnO electron transport layer and the CsPbBr3 layer to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of ZnO/CsPbBr3/Carbon structure solar cell. The addition of the NaSCN optimized the morphology of the ZnO surfaces to decrease effectively the roughness. Furthermore, The passivated ZnO electron transport layer improved the deposition quality of CsPbBr3 films, which reduced the defects at the interface between the ZnO electron transport layer and CsPbBr3 layer, suppressing non-radiative recombination to enhance device photovoltaic performance. Synergistic passivation of SCN− and Na+ ions plays an important role in obtaining high-quality CsPbBr3 films for boosting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device. Moreover, the passivated solar cells had longer stability than the pristine ones after being placed for 1000 h in the air and at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limited early strength of low-heat cement (LHC) restricts its extensive application. This work compared the hydration degree, hydration products, and pore structure of the early strength of low-heat cement (ESHLC) in standard (P) and low-pressure (0.5P) curing by XRD, TG, SEM, and MIP. Also, the mechanical strength under different curing conditions was tested and compared. The results showed that compared with standard curing, the hydration degree of the early strength low-heat cement (ESLHC) lessens at 0.5P. Besides, by 90 days, the quantity of AFt had significantly declined, and the C─ S─ H gel displayed a loose cluster-like structure at 0.5P, showing that low atmospheric pressure has the potential to hasten the development of defects in hydration products. The ESLHC paste cured at 0.5 P displayed a coarser pore structure than that cured at P. At last, the low atmospheric pressure adversely affected the ESLHC mortar's strength. This work delves into the hydration characteristics of ESLHC under low-atmospheric-pressure conditions, providing theoretical support for applying ESLHC in plateau areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we present a (NH4)2S2O8 mediated difunctionalization reaction of aryl alkenes with quinoxalinones and P(O)SH compounds. This method enables the synthesis of various phosphorothioate‐containing quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one derivatives (46 examples) in 37–79% yields. The reaction is compatible with a range of functional groups and is easily adaptable to large‐scale synthesis. Preliminary studies suggest the involvement of phosphorothioate radicals in these transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAn innovative tree-shaped fin is proposed to address the problem of low thermal conductivity of phase change materials (PCMs) in latent heat energy storage units. Numerical methods are applied to investigate the thermal properties of the melting process of PCMs. This paper investigates the effects of fin arrangement, fin geometry parameters, and temperature of the heat source on melting characteristics of PCMs in the latent heat energy storage unit. Results show that the melting time of PCMs with the inwardly-tilted fins at the top increases by 21.3% compared to the outwardly-tilted fins at the bottom. The response surface methodology is adopted to obtain the fin parameter combination with lower quality and better performance. The optimal fin dimensions are a thickness of 1.06 mm, a length of 3.38 mm, and a spacing of 12.61 mm. The reduction of the ambient temperature from 35 °C to 30 °C increases the melting time of the latent heat energy storage unit by 85%, and from 35 °C to 40 °C decreases the melting time by 29%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing and developing photosensitizers with cell membrane specificity is crucial for achieving effective multimodal therapy of tumors compared to other organelles. Here, we designed and screened a photosensitizer CM34 through donor/receptor regulation strategies, and it is able to achieve long‐retention cell membrane targeting. It is not only an extremely excellent cell membrane targeted tumor theranostic agent, but also found to be a promising potential immune activator. Specifically, CM34 with a larger intramolecular twist angle is more likely to form larger aggregates in aqueous solutions, and the introduction of cyanide group also enhances its interaction with cell membranes, which were key factors hindering molecular penetration of the cell membrane and prolonging its residence time on the cell membrane, providing conditions for further membrane targeted photodynamic therapy. Furthermore, the efflux of contents caused by cell necrosis directly activates the immune response. In summary, this study realizes to clarify and refine all potential mechanisms of action through density functional theory calculations, photophysical property measurements, and cellular level mechanism exploration, providing a new direction for the clinical development of cell membrane targeted anti‐tumor immune activators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research advances over the past 30 years have confirmed a critical role for genetics in the etiology of dilated cardiomyopathies (DCMs). However, full knowledge of the genetic architecture of DCM remains incomplete. We identified candidate DCM causal gene, C10orf71, in a large family with 8 patients with DCM by whole-exome sequencing. Four loss-offunction variants of C10orf71 were subsequently identified in an additional group of492 patients with sporadic DCM from 2 independent cohorts. C10orf71 was found to be an intrinsically disordered protein specifically expressed in cardiomyocytes. C10orf71-KO mice had abnormal heart morphogenesis during embryonic development and cardiac dysfunction as adults with altered expression and splicing of contractile cardiac genes. C10orf71-null cardiomyocytes exhibited impaired contractile function with unaffected sarcomere structure. Cardiomyocytes and heart organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells with C10orf71 frameshift variants also had contractile defects with normal electrophysiological activity. A rescue study using a cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, restored contractile function in C10orf71-KO mice. These data support C10orf71 as a causal gene for DCM by contributing to the contractile function of cardiomyocytes. Mutation-specific pathophysiology may suggest therapeutic targets and more individualized therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correlation exists between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and the severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), OSA can induce more severe MASLD. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism between the two is unclear. To this end, this study explored the role and possible molecular mechanisms of adipocyte-derived exosomes under OSA in aggravating MASLD. Through sequencing technology, miR-455-3p was identified as a co-differentially expressed miRNA between the MASLD + OSA and Control groups and between the MASLD + OSA and MASLD groups. Upregulation of TCONS-00039830 and Smad2 and downregulation of miR-455-3p in the MASLD and MASLD + OSA groups were validated in vivo and in vitro. TCONS-00039830, as a differentially expressed LncRNA in exosomes found in the sequencing results, transfection notably downregulated miR-455-3p and upregulated Smad2 in hepatocytes. TCONS_00039830 overexpression increased fat, triglyceride and cholesterol levels, while miR-455-3p overexpression decreased these levels. Furthermore, exosome administration promoted the accumulation of fat, triglyceride and cholesterol, upregulated TCONS_00039830 and Smad2, and downregulated miR-455-3p. Overexpression of miR-455-3p reversed the increased fat accumulation and upregulated TCONS_00039830 and Smad2. In conclusion, OSA-derived exosomes promoted hepatocyte steatosis by regulating TCONS_00039830/miR-455-3p/Smad2 axis, thereby aggravating liver damage in MASLD. Exosomes from rats with obstructive sleep apnoea aggravate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by delivering the lncRNA TCONS_00039830 to hepatocytes and regulating Smad2 expression through targeting miR-455-3p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detached raft automatic frequency isolation system is a complicated system with high exceptionally nonlinear, high electromagnetic, and multi-source vibration modes. However, it generates a statistical method and it is hard to operate the organization. The fuzzy control algorithm, as an astute control method, can give a keen path to the active management of a complicated system of floating rafts. This study uses a system identification approach to construct mathematical models for a floating raft active vibration isolation system with discrete transfer work. The fuzzy model is used in tests and simulations controller is built using two contributions of acceleration and its variation, as well as a single result of control voltage. The control isolation system is a complicated system with many moving parts. A lot of moving parts profoundly nonlinear, high electromagnetic and multi-source vibration modes, generating a statistical method and it is hard to operate the organization. The fuzzy control algorithm, as a smart control method, can give a keen path to the active management of a sophisticated floating raft system. This research uses an identification strategy to construct a floating raft active vibration isolation technology discrete transfer work mathematical models. The fuzzy controller is then put together using two contributions: acceleration and variation, as well as a single outcome of control voltage for simulations and experiments research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban parks are considered one of the most significant ecosystems when looking at urban green spaces, but ecological functions and the type of recreation space created can change depending on the park's age and its vegetation type. Therefore, the effects of the vegetation types present and urban park ages on soil properties and bacterial communities were tested in Yancheng, as it is a typical rapidly urbanizing city in China, and one of the most densely populated metropolises among the central cities of the Yangtze River Delta region. We found that the soil properties and bacterial community composition vary depending on vegetation type and park age. In addition, the pH value of soil planted with Cynodon dactylon is higher, and the available phosphorus concentrations in the old parks are at the highest levels, which are 1.20–2.66 times higher than in the middle-aged and young parks' soil. Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria_6, and Deltaproteobacteria are the predominant bacteria phyla in urban park soil. A higher level of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) are found in Metasequoia glyptostroboides soil (5479, 69.7%) and middle-aged park soil (5670, 72.2%). Saprospirae, Chloracidobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria are negatively correlated with pH to a significant extent. Additionally, pH, available potassium, and soil organic carbon were positively correlated with saccharase activity. Available phosphorus and nitrogen are related to soil community composition. These results indicate that both park age and vegetation type contribute to the differences in soil pH, available phosphorus, soil organic carbon, available potassium, available nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, and soil bacterial composition within urban parks in Yancheng. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Powdery mildew (PM) is one of the most widespread and prevalent diseases that affects a wide range of crops. In cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), previous forward genetic studies have identified MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O 8 (CsMLO8) as necessary but alone insufficient for cucumber PM resistance (PMR) and suggested the involvement of other members of the CsMLO family. However, the function of other CsMLO family members in cucumber remains largely unknown. Here, we developed a highly efficient multiplex gene editing system in cucumber to generate a series of Csmlo mutants from all the 13 family members. Systematic analysis of these mutants revealed growth effects of these CsMLO family members on development and PMR. Importantly, we obtained the Csmlo1/8/11 triple mutant with complete resistance to PM. Transcriptome and proteome analysis of PM-resistant Csmlo mutants suggested that the kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein (KCBP)-interacting Ca2+-binding protein (CsKIC), calmodulin-like protein 28 (CsCML28), and Ca2+-dependent protein kinase 11 (CsCPK11)-mediated calcium signaling pathway is involved in PMR. CsMLO8 interacted directly with CsKIC, and the simultaneous silencing of both genes resulted in a phenotype that resembled the silencing of CsKIC alone. Silencing CsCML28 and CsCPK11 increased susceptibility to PM, whereas overexpressing CsCPK11 through genetic transformation enhanced cucumber's PMR, demonstrating their positive regulatory roles in PMR. Given the importance of PMR for cucurbit crops, this research provides unprecedented insights into the function of the proteins encoded by the CsMLO gene family as well as the plant defense response to PM pathogen. Systemic analysis of the Cucumis sativus MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O gene family by multiplex genome editing reveals a role in powdery mildew resistance in cucumber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders (PND) is a common neurological complication after radical colorectal cancer surgery, which increases adverse outcomes. So, our objective is to explore the influence of dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine for transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) on perioperative neurocognitive disorders, and to provide a new way to reduce the incidence of PND. Methods: One hundred and eighty patients submitted to radical laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery were randomly divided into Control group and Dex group. Ultrasound guided TAPB was performed after anesthesia induction: 0.5% ropivacaine 20 ml was injected into each transversus abdominis plane in Control group, 0.5% ropivacaine + 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (amounting to 20 ml) in Dex group. We observed the incidence of PND within 30 days after surgery. Results: One hundred and sixty-nine cases were finally analyzed, including 84 cases in Control group and 85 cases in Dex group. Compared with Control group, there was no significant difference in terms of the incidence of PND on the 3rd day and the 7th day (P > 0.05), but the incidence significantly decreased at the 6th hour, at the 24th hour and on the 30th day after surgery (P < 0.05) in Dex group. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine for TAPB can reduce the incidence of PND in the first 24 h after surgery and on the 30th postoperative day, which may be related to reduce the consumption of general anesthetics and provide satisfactory postoperative analgesia. Trial registration: 29 /05/ 2021, ChiCTR2100046876. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To analyze the role of and mechanism underlying obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-derived exosomes in inducing non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). Methods: The role of OSA-derived exosomes was analyzed in inducing hepatocyte fat accumulation in mice models both in vivo and in vitro. Results: OSA-derived exosomes caused fat accumulation and macrophage activation in the liver tissue. These exosomes promoted fat accumulation; steatosis was more noticeable in the presence of macrophages. Macrophages could internalize OSA-derived exosomes, which promoted macrophage polarization to the M1 type. Moreover, it inhibited sirtuin-3 (SIRT3)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and autophagy and promoted the activation of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich–containing family, pyrin domain–containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes. The use of 3-methyladenine (3-MA) to inhibit autophagy blocked NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inhibited the M1 polarization of macrophages. miR-421 targeting inhibited SIRT3 protein expression in the macrophages. miR-421 was significantly increased in OSA-derived exosomes. Additionally, miR-421 levels were increased in OSA + NAFLD mice- and patient-derived exosomes. In the liver tissues of OSA and OSA + NAFLD mice, miR-421 displayed similar co-localization with the macrophages. Intermittent hypoxia-induced hepatocytes deliver miR-421 to the macrophages via exosomes to inhibit SIRT3, thereby participating in macrophage M1 polarization. After OSA and NAFLD modeling in miR-421−/− mice, liver steatosis and M1 polarization were significantly reduced. Additionally, in the case of miR-421 knockout, the inhibitory effects of OSA-derived exosomes on SIRT3 and autophagy were significantly alleviated. Furthermore, their effects on liver steatosis and macrophage M1 polarization were significantly reduced. Conclusions: OSA promotes the delivery of miR-421 from the hepatocytes to macrophages. Additionally, it promotes M1 polarization by regulating the SIRT3/AMPK-autophagy pathway, thereby causing NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researches on the Porter hypothesis have paid more attention to the effect of the external constraint force of environmental regulation on green total factor productivity (GTFP), while ignoring the effect of internal force of market competition on GTFP. Using the panel data of Chinese manufacturing industries, this paper measures China's GTFP with the global frontier MML index which is based on the EBM model. The paper then studies the effect of environmental regulation and market competition on GTFP. The combined effect of environmental regulation and market competition on enhancing GTFP is further investigated. The results are as follows: 1) The GTFP of the manufacturing industry has progressed during the study period and the progress of green technology plays a crucial role in promoting GTFP improvement. 2) The environmental regulation and market competition both have an obvious nonlinear effect of U-type on GTFP. Relying solely on the external constraint force of environmental regulation or the internal force of market competition does not promote the improvement of GTFP quickly. 3) As for the combined effect, improving market competition is beneficial to the positive effect of environmental regulation on GTFP. Market competition and environmental regulation show a significant combined positive effect, accelerating the arrival of environmental regulation inflection point. Thus the rapid improvement of GTFP requires the combined effect to be effectively exerted. However, only when the level of environmental regulation is strong or the level of market competition is high can a combined positive effect appear. The conclusion provides China with a meaningful reference for better implementing the policy of environmental regulation and market-oriented reforms to promote green economic transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Population aging is a social problem that is being faced in most countries. OBJECTIVE: To apply the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) for an early warning on the vital signs and consciousness of elderly patients who are hospitalized in the gastrointestinal surgical department and to provide a reference for early detection of changes in illness severity in elderly patients by studying the correlation between NEWS value and changes in illness severity. METHODS: We enrolled 528 elderly patients who were hospitalized in the gastrointestinal surgical department of a tertiary grade A hospital in Guizhou Province between June 2020 and May 2021, to analyze how NEWS max value correlates with illness severity and obtain the optimal NEWS cutoff value for both potentially critically ill and critically ill elderly patients using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in NEWS values between elderly patients with various illness severities (P < 0.05). NEWS values correlated positively with illness severity (r = 0.605, P < 0.001). Based on the ROC curve, early warning trigger values for NEWS to identify potentially critically ill, critically ill and terminally ill elderly patients were 6, 7 and 8, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) for potentially critically ill, critically ill and terminally ill elderly patients was 0.907, 0.921 and 0.939, respectively. NEWS performed better in detecting patient illness severity than Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) in AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and Youden's index, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: An early warning on the vital signs and consciousness of hospitalized elderly patients using NEWS can facilitate advanced detection of changes in illness severity of elderly patients by medical staff and enable timely treatment, thus significantly lowering the risks of illness deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sensitive skin is hypersensitive to various external stimuli and a defective epidermal permeability barrier is an important clinical feature of sensitive skin. Claudin‐5 (CLDN5) expression levels decrease in sensitive skin. This study aimed to explore the impact of CLDN5 deficiency on the permeability barrier in sensitive skin and the regulatory role of miRNAs in CLDN5 expression. Materials and methods: A total of 26 patients were retrospectively enrolled, and the CLDN5 expression and permeability barrier dysfunction in vitro were assessed. Then miRNA‐224‐5p expression was also assessed in sensitive skin. Results: Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy revealed reduced CLDN5 expression, increased miR‐224‐5p expression, and disrupted intercellular junctions in sensitive skin. CLDN5 knockdown was associated with lower transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and Lucifer yellow penetration in keratinocytes and organotypic skin models. The RNA‐seq and qRT‐PCR results indicated elevated miR‐224‐5p expression in sensitive skin; MiR‐224‐5p directly interacted with the 3'UTR of CLDN5, resulting in CLDN5 deficiency in the luciferase reporter assay. Finally, miR‐224‐5p reduced TEER in keratinocyte cultures. Conclusion: These results suggest that the miR‐224‐5p‐induced reduction in CLDN5 expression leads to impaired permeability barrier function, and that miR‐224‐5p could be a potential therapeutic target for sensitive skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The AA5052 aluminum alloy is widely used in automobile and aerospace manufacturing, and with the development of light-weight alloys, it is required that these materials exhibit better mechanical properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that the addition of Sc to aluminum alloys can improve both the microstructure and properties of the alloys. In this study, the effect of Sc on the Fe-rich phase and properties of the AA5052 aluminum alloy was studied by adding 0%, 0.05%, 0.2%, and 0.3% Sc. The results show that with the increase of Sc, the coarse needle-like Fe-rich phase gradually transforms into Chinese-script and then nearly spherical particles, reduce the size of Fe-rich phase, and refine the grain with increase of high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs). These microstructure changes enhance the strength of the AA5052 alloy through Sc addition. The ductility of the alloy is obviously improved because the addition of a lower amount of Sc changes the morphology of Fe-rich phase from needle-like into a Chinese-script, and it is subsequently reduced as a result of significant increase in HAGBs with increasing Sc content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 16 marine shellfish proteins were selected for in silico hydrolysis. The binding abilities of the obtained oligopeptides to the two targets (COVID-19 spike protein and type 2 diabetes mellitus-related alpha-glucosidase) were evaluated. The results showed that 3 oligopeptides (PICQF, VIDVW, SVGPW) were identified as dual binders to the two targets. The in vitro test confirmed their inhibitory activities on alpha-glucosidase (19.58%, 23.02%, and 21.09%, respectively), which are close to drug Acarbose (21.87%), at the concentration of 1.5 mM. In conclusion, some marine shellfish-derived oligopeptides could be used as lead compounds to design potential inhibitors against COVID-19 and T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that causes severe liver damage, fibrosis, and scarring. Despite its potential to progress to cirrhosis or hepatic failure, approved drugs or treatments are currently unavailable. We developed 4,4‐diallyl curcumin bis(2,2‐hydroxymethyl)propanoate, also known as 35e, which induces upregulation of mitochondrial proteins including carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT‐I), carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, heat shock protein 60, and translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20. Among these proteins, the upregulated expression of CPT‐I was most prominent. CPT‐I plays a crucial role in transporting carnitine across the mitochondrial inner membrane, thereby initiating mitochondrial β‐oxidation of fatty acids. Given recent research showing that CPT‐I activation could be a viable pathway for NASH treatment, we hypothesized that 35e could serve as a potential agent for treating NASH. The efficacy of 35e in treating NASH was evaluated in methionine‐ and choline‐deficient (MCD) diet‐ and Western diet (WD)‐induced models that mimic human NASH. In the MCD diet‐induced model, both short‐term (2 weeks) and long‐term (7 weeks) treatment with 35e effectively regulated elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations and histological inflammation. However, the antisteatotic effect of 35e was obtained only in the short‐term treatment group. As a comparative compound in the MCD diet‐induced model, curcumin treatment did not produce significant regulatory effects on the liver triglyceride/total cholesterol, serum ALT/AST, or hepatic steatosis. In the WD‐induced model, 35e ameliorated hepatic steatosis and hepatic inflammation, while increasing serum AST and hepatic lipid content. A decrease in epididymal adipose tissue weight and serum free fatty acid concentration suggested that 35e may promote lipid metabolism or impede lipid accumulation. Overall, 35e displayed significant antilipid accumulation and antifibrotic effects in the two complementary mice models. The development of new curcumin derivatives with the ability to induce CPT‐I upregulation could further underscore their efficacy as anti‐NASH agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influenza A is a highly contagious respiratory illness that spreads globally and results in millions of cases worldwide. The transmission rate and mortality rate of influenza in the population are determined by the load of the influenza A virus. In this study, we have developed a multi-scale immuno-influenza model considering incomplete vaccine immunity. We have calculated the basic reproduction numbers for both immunological and epidemiological models. Additionally, we have examined the stability of the disease-free equilibrium and the existence of the endemic equilibrium at the population level. To assess the cost-effectiveness of antiviral therapy at an individual level and vaccination at a population level, we have formulated an optimal control problem. The objective of this problem is to minimize both the number of influenza cases and the cost of vaccination. To solve this optimal control problem, we have employed the Ekeland variational principle. Furthermore, we have designed a global forward and backward sweep algorithm to estimate the impact of antiviral treatment on reducing influenza transmission among humans. Our findings indicate that the use of antiviral treatment significantly reduces viral loads in individuals. However, it may also increase the potential risk at the population level. Therefore, vaccination against influenza is the most effective option from a public health perspective. • A novel multi-scale influenza transmission model was proposed by the nested law. • A global sweep algorithm was established for solving an optimal control problem. • The real-world application was used to evaluate cost-effectiveness of strategies. • Vaccination was the best choice for curtailing an influenza spread in a long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correlation exists between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and the severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), OSA can induce more severe MASLD. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism between the two is unclear. To this end, this study explored the role and possible molecular mechanisms of adipocyte-derived exosomes under OSA in aggravating MASLD. Through sequencing technology, miR-455-3p was identified as a co-differentially expressed miRNA between the MASLD + OSA and Control groups and between the MASLD + OSA and MASLD groups. Upregulation of TCONS-00039830 and Smad2 and downregulation of miR-455-3p in the MASLD and MASLD + OSA groups were validated in vivo and in vitro. TCONS-00039830, as a differentially expressed LncRNA in exosomes found in the sequencing results, transfection notably downregulated miR-455-3p and upregulated Smad2 in hepatocytes. TCONS_00039830 overexpression increased fat, triglyceride and cholesterol levels, while miR-455-3p overexpression decreased these levels. Furthermore, exosome administration promoted the accumulation of fat, triglyceride and cholesterol, upregulated TCONS_00039830 and Smad2, and downregulated miR-455-3p. Overexpression of miR-455-3p reversed the increased fat accumulation and upregulated TCONS_00039830 and Smad2. In conclusion, OSA-derived exosomes promoted hepatocyte steatosis by regulating TCONS_00039830/miR-455-3p/Smad2 axis, thereby aggravating liver damage in MASLD. Exosomes from rats with obstructive sleep apnoea aggravate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by delivering the lncRNA TCONS_00039830 to hepatocytes and regulating Smad2 expression through targeting miR-455-3p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatty acids (FAs) have attracted many interests for their pivotal roles in many biological processes. Imbalance of FAs is related to a variety of diseases, which makes the measurement of them important in biological samples. Over the past two decades, mass spectrometry (MS) has become an indispensable technique for the analysis of FAs owing to its high sensitivity and precision. Due to complex matrix effect of biological samples and inherent poor ionization efficiency of FAs in MS, sample preparation including extraction and chemical derivatization prior to analysis are often employed. Here, we describe an updated overview of FA extraction techniques, as well as representative derivatization methods utilized in different MS platforms including gas chromatography-MS, liquid chromatography-MS, and mass spectrometry imaging based on different chain lengths of FAs. Derivatization strategies for the identification of double bond location in unsaturated FAs are also summarized and highlighted. The advantages, disadvantages, and prospects of these methods are compared and discussed. This review provides the development and valuable information for sample pretreatment approaches and qualitative and quantitative analysis of interested FAs using different MS-based platforms in complex biological matrices. Finally, the challenges of FA analysis are summarized and the future perspectives are prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is always a challenging job to compare forest resources as there is not a standardized spatial unit with location information. Google Plus Code, the newest alphanumeric geocoding system, uses 20 specifically selected letters and numbers to assign a unique global ID to every cell at different levels of a hierarchical grid system which is established based on latitude and longitude. It can be used as a standardized, unique global geospatial unit to segment, locate, quantitate, evaluate, and compare natural resources with area, boundary, and location information embedded. Results: For this proof-of-concept case study, forest inventory data from 1987, 2002, and 2019 for the Zijin Mountain National Forest Park in Jiangsu Province, China was analyzed based on Google Plus Code grid/cell. This enabled the quantification of carbon storage at each cell allowing for the comparison of estimated carbon storage at same or different locations over time. Conclusions: This methodology is used to quantify the impacts of changing forest conditions and forest management activities on carbon storage with high spatial accuracy through the 32-year study period. Furthermore, this technique could be used for providing technical support and validation of carbon credit quantification and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel and efficient regioselective annulation of phosphinyl allenes with 2-bromophenol or 1-bromo-2-naphthol is achieved by palladium catalysis. The divergent pathway delivers structurally diverse polyarylfurans and 2H-chromene skeletons via two different Heck-type annulations. This protocol represents regioselectivitytunable transformation of allenes into functionalized O-containing heterocycles with excellent group compatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delineating the process of hydrothermal alteration is crucial for effectively enhancing exploration strategies and better understanding the gold mineralization process. Rutile, with its capacity to accommodate a wide range of trace elements including high-field-strength elements and base metals, serves as a reliable fluid tracer in ore systems. As one of the most significant gold ore concentrations globally, Jiaodong boasts a gold reserve exceeding 5500 t. The Xincheng gold deposit is a world-class high-grade mine, boasting a proven gold reserve exceeding 200 t, and stands as one of the largest altered-type gold deposits in the vast gold province of the Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China. In this study, rutile (Rt1,2,3) was identified in the K-feldspar alteration, sericitization, and pyrite–sericite–quartz alteration stages of the Xincheng gold deposit in Jiaodong based on petrographic characteristics. Rt1 coexists with hydrothermal K-feldspar and quartz, while Rt2 coexists with minerals such as sericite, quartz, muscovite, and pyrite. Rt3 is widely distributed in hydrothermal veins and is primarily associated with minerals including quartz, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sericite. Raman spectroscopy, EPMA, and LA-ICP-MS analysis were conducted to investigate the characteristics and evolution of altered hydrothermal fluids. This study indicates that the Zr vs. W and Nb/V vs. W diagrams suggest that Rt1 is of magmatic–hydrothermal origin, while Rt2 and Rt3 are of metamorphic–hydrothermal origin. Notably, the W content in Rt2 and Rt3 is significantly higher than in Rt1 (<100 ppm), suggesting a close relationship between the W content in rutile and mineralization. The three types of rutile exhibit significantly different concentrations of trace elements such as W, V, Nb, Zr, Sn, and Fe, displaying distinct bright spots and elemental zoning characteristics in backscattered electron images and surface scans. These features arise from the isomorphic substitution of Ti4+. While Rt1 exhibits no significant element exchange with the hydrothermal fluids, Rt2 and Rt3 show a stronger substitution of W, Nb, V, and Fe, indicating a gradual enrichment of F and Cl in the fluids. This process activates and transports these elements into the fluids, leading to their continuous accumulation within the system. From Rt1 to Rt3, the increasing concentrations of Fe and W, along with the negative Eu anomaly, suggest a decrease in fluid temperature and oxygen fugacity during the alteration and mineralization process. The gradual increase in the contents of REEs and high-field-strength elements such as W, V, Nb, and Sn indicates that the hydrothermal fluids are enriched in F and Cl, exhibiting weak acidity. The nature of the fluids during hydrothermal alteration is closely related to the composition of rutile, making it a promising tool for studying hydrothermal alteration and related mineralization processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast conserving surgery (BCS) for breast cancer is widely performed. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of the 100 most cited articles in BCS research. The 100 most cited articles were retrieved from the Web of Science datasbase. Using bibliometric tools, the contributions of countries, institutions, authors, and of research development were analyzed. The country with the highest number of manuscripts in the top 100 was the United States (n = 59). The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and University of Pennsylvania each published 21 articles. Bartelink H, Harris JR, and Morrow M each published eight articles. Among the top 100 most cited articles, hotspots focused on breast-conserving margins, recurrence, distant metastases, radiotherapy, and some controlled trials. Surgical margin, recurrence, distant metastases, radiation therapy are the hot topics in these 100 articles. There may be new radiotherapy modalities to improve the efficacy of post-operative radiotherapy in the future. The results of this review provide breast surgeons with research highlights and hot spots in the field of BCS and predict the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "innovation and Entrepreneurship" education focuses on cultivating students' "innovation and Entrepreneurship" abilities, reflecting the fundamental requirements of economic progress and social development for the knowledge, ability, and quality structure of talents. Local universities should actively promote the reform of talent cultivation models, establish a scientific "innovation and Entrepreneurship" education target system based on the actual situation of the school, strengthen the construction of "innovation and Entrepreneurship" education courses, build various "innovation and Entrepreneurship" practice platforms, pay attention to the interaction between the first and second classrooms, as well as practical and training platforms, serve the growth and talent development of students, and achieve a comprehensive improvement in the quality of school education, teaching, and talent cultivation. The "innovation and Entrepreneurship" education quality evaluation of local colleges could be considered as multiple attribute decision-making (MADM). Recently, the Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) method and information entropy method was employed to deal with MADM. The triangular fuzzy neutrosophic sets (TFNSs) are employed as a better tool for expressing uncertain information during the "innovation and Entrepreneurship" education quality evaluation of local colleges. In this paper, the triangular fuzzy neutrosophic number CoCoSo (TFNN-CoCoSo) based on the TFNN grey rational coefficients (TFNNGRC) from TFNN positive ideal solution (TFNNPIS) is constructed to cope with the MADM under TFNSs. The information entropy method is employed to compute the weight values based on the TFNNGRC from TFNNPIS under TFNSs. Finally, a numerical example of "innovation and Entrepreneurship" education quality evaluation of local colleges is constructed and some decision comparisons are constructed to verify the TFNN-CoCoSo method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The dysregulation of TGF‐β signaling is a crucial pathophysiological process in tumorigenesis and progression. LncRNAs have diverse biological functions and are significant participants in the regulation of tumor signaling pathways. However, the clinical value of lncRNAs related to TGF‐β signaling in glioma is currently unclear. Methods: Data on glioma's RNA‐seq transcriptome, somatic mutation, DNA methylation data, and clinicopathological information were derived from the CGGA and TCGA databases. A prognostic lncRNA signature was constructed by Cox and LASSO regression analyses. TIMER2.0 database was utilized to deduce immune infiltration characteristics. "ELMER v.2" was used to reconstruct TF‐methylation‐gene regulatory network. Immunotherapy and chemotherapy response predictions were implemented by the TIDE algorithm and GDSC database, respectively. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to verify the results and clarify the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA. Results: In glioma, a TGF‐β signaling‐related 15‐lncRNA signature was constructed, including AC010173.1, HOXA‐AS2, AC074286.1, AL592424.1, DRAIC, HOXC13‐AS, AC007938.1, AC010729.1, AC013472.3, AC093895.1, AC131097.4, AL606970.4, HOXC‐AS1, AGAP2‐AS1, and AC002456.1. This signature proved to be a reliable prognostic tool, with high risk indicating an unfavorable prognosis and being linked to malignant clinicopathological and genomic mutation traits. Risk levels were associated with different immune infiltration landscapes, where high risk was indicative of high levels of macrophage infiltration. In addition, high risk also suggested better immunotherapy and chemotherapy response. cg05987823 was an important methylation site in glioma progression, and AP‐1 transcription factor family participated in the regulation of signature lncRNA expression. AGAP2‐AS1 knockdown in in vitro and in vivo experiments inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells, as well as the growth of glioma, by downregulating the expression levels of NF‐κB and ERK 1/2 in the TGF‐β signaling pathway. Conclusions: A prognostic lncRNA signature of TGF‐β signaling was established in glioma, which can be used for prognostic judgment, immune infiltration status inference, and immunotherapy response prediction. AGAP2‐AS1 plays an important role in glioma progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune-modulating therapies exhibit abundant promise compared to traditional treatment for osteosarcoma. We aim to establish an immune-related prognostic signatures in osteosarcoma. We identified the differentially expressed genes in osteosarcoma compared with normal controls using the GEO dataset. The intersection with immune-related genes was considered as differentially expressed immune genes. Potential prognosis-related differentially expressed genes were first analyzed with the multifactor Cox regression and then the step function performed the iteration. The best model was finally chosen as the immunological risk score signature model. And finally, we evaluated the correlation of genes in the prognostic model with immune cells, common immune checkpoints, and immune checkpoint blockade responses. We identified 1527 significantly upregulated and 2407 significantly downregulated genes in osteosarcoma compared to normal samples. In the 258 differentially expressed immune genes, 20 genes with independent prognostic significance were included in the step function. Finally, we constructed a prognostic signature for overall survival based on five immune genes (JAG2, PLXNB1, CMKLR1, NUDT6, and PSMC4) in osteosarcoma. These five genes are closely related to immune infiltration. Osteosarcoma with high JAG2 expression or low CMKLR1 expression may be associated with better immune checkpoint blockade response. JAG2 overexpression or CMKLR1 inhibition induced sensitivity to PD-1 antibody in osteosarcoma cells. We constructed a prognosis prediction signature containing five immune-related genes (JAG2, PLXNB1, CMKLR1, NUDT6, and PSMC4) with a significant prognostic value in osteosarcoma. Significant differences in immune infiltration and immunotherapy responses were identified between groups with different levels of these genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease commonly associated with metabolic disorders in females. Leonurine hydrochloride (Leo) plays an important role in regulating immunity, tumours, uterine smooth muscle, and ovarian function. However, the effect of Leo on PCOS has not been reported. Here, we used dehydroepiandrosterone to establish a mouse model of PCOS, and some mice were then treated with Leo by gavage. We found that Leo could improve the irregular oestros cycle of PCOS mice, reverse the significantly greater serum testosterone (T) and luteinising hormone (LH) levels, significantly reduce the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level, and significantly increase the LH/FSH ratio of PCOS mice. Leo could also change the phenomenon of ovaries in PCOS mice presented with cystic follicular multiplication and a lacking corpus luteum. Transcriptome analysis identified 177 differentially expressed genes related to follicular development between the model and Leo groups. Notably, the cAMP signalling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, the calcium signalling pathway, the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway, and the Lhcgr, Star, Cyp11a, Hsd17b7, Camk2b, Calml4, and Phkg1 genes may be most related to improvements in hormone levels and the numbers of ovarian cystic follicles and corpora lutea in PCOS mice treated by Leo, which provides a reference for further study of the mechanism of Leo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable multicarbon e‐chemicals are of particular interest due to their potential future, high market values, and demand. In the direct electrocatalytic formation of multicarbon e‐chemicals from CO2, the elementary C–C coupling by CO dimerization is considered the rate‐limiting step. Here, a generalized surface structural design principle of asymmetric metal pair sites is proposed, explored, and experimentally tested in order to promote CO dimerization on surfaces. First a computational model of N‐doped Cu2S layers featuring adjacent, electronically asymmetric Cuδ1+‐Cuδ2+ (0 < δ1+ < δ2+ < 1) metal atomic pairs evidenced by their non‐uniform charge distribution is considered. The electronic asymmetry resulted in distinct CO adsorption energies and the associated self‐adjusting structures, which lowered C–C coupling energy barriers significantly. The computational hypotheses are experimentally tested using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of Cu‐N moieties within N‐doped Cu2S layers. In‐situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy confirms linear *CO and *CO‐CO adsorption configuration by the peaks of ≈2080 and 1920 cm−1, respectively. After N‐doping, the catalytically C2 faradaic efficiency can significantly be elevated to 14.72% due to the promotion of C–C coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the adult mammalian brain, new neurons are continuously generated from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ)-olfactory bulb (OB) pathway. YAP, a transcriptional co-activator of the Hippo pathway, promotes cell proliferation and inhibits differentiation in embryonic neural progenitors. However, the role of YAP in postnatal NSCs remains unclear. Here, we showed that YAP was present in NSCs of the postnatal mouse SVZ. Forced expression of Yap promoted NSC maintenance and inhibited differentiation, whereas depletion of Yap by RNA interference or conditional knockout led to the decline of NSC maintenance, premature neuronal differentiation, and collapse of neurogenesis. For the molecular mechanism, thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6) recruited protein phosphatase PP1A to dephosphorylate LATS1/2, therefore inducing YAP nuclear localization and activation. Moreover, TRIP6 promoted NSC maintenance, cell proliferation, and inhibited differentiation through YAP. In addition, YAP regulated the expression of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway effector Gli2 and Gli1/2 mediated the effect of YAP on NSC maintenance. Together, our findings demonstrate a novel TRIP6-YAP-SHH axis, which is critical for regulating postnatal neurogenesis in the SVZ-OB pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To examine the mediating role of positive psychological capital in the relationship between nursing students' perceived social support and bullying behavior in nursing education. Design and Methods. In May 2021, a sample of 1196 nursing students majoring in nursing at a medical college was conveniently selected as the study population. A set of questionnaires, including a General Information Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PPQ), and Bullying Behaviors in Nursing Education Scale (BBNE), were utilized to examine and analyze the relationships among the variables. Findings. The scores of nursing students' PSSS, PPQ, and BBNE were 68.19 ± 11.90, 123.97 ± 18.74, and 13.31 ± 9.24, respectively. There was a negative correlation (r = −0.421, P < 0.01) between perceived social support and bullying behaviors in nursing education among nursing students. Positive psychological capital partially mediated the relationship between perceived social support and bullying behaviors in nursing education, accounting for 19.88% of the total effect. Further analysis revealed that self-efficacy, resilience, optimism, and hope in positive psychological capital each played a partial mediating role in the impact of nursing students' perceived social support on bullying behaviors in nursing education, with the ratio of indirect effect to total effect being 5.38%, 7.74%, 6.09%, and 5.34%, respectively. Practice Implications. The impact of perceived social support on bullying behaviors in nursing education is substantial among nursing students, and it can indirectly influence bullying behaviors through positive psychological capital. Nursing educators should pay attention to nursing students with lower levels of social support, and they can decrease the occurrence of bullying behaviors by enhancing social support and fostering higher levels of psychological capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Missed nursing care is a pervasive issue in hospitals, nursing homes, and communities, posing a significant threat to patient safety and the quality of nursing care. It has adverse effects on patient satisfaction and the motivation of nursing staff. Understanding the causes and nature of these care omissions in clinical settings is essential for implementing effective interventions. This study aims to develop and validate a tool for assessing missed nursing care in adult intensive care units. Methods: Semi-structured interviews, expert consultations conducted via the Delphi method and item analysis were used to develop the initial scale. Our analysis involved data collected from 400 nurses and employed correlation coefficient analysis, critical ratio assessment, Cronbach's α coefficient evaluation, discrete trend analysis, and factor analysis, which were grounded in both classical test theory and item response theory, allowing us to scrutinize and refine the items in the scale. To validate the scale, we conveniently sampled 550 nurses and assessed structural validity, internal reliability, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability to ensure the scale's robustness and accuracy. Results: The Missed Intensive Nursing Care Scale (MINCS) comprises three distinct components. Part A serves to collect general information about the participants. In Part B, the missed care elements are categorized into five domains, following the framework of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory: physiology, safety, belongingness, esteem, and cognition. Part C is dedicated to detailing the reasons behind missed care, which encompass labor resources, material resources, communication factors, and managerial factors. Remarkably, the Cronbach's α coefficient for the MINCS stands at an impressive 0.951, with S-CVI values of 0.988 and 0.977 in Part B and C, respectively, underscoring the scale's exceptional reliability and validity. This demonstrates the scale's effectiveness in measuring missed nursing care while upholding rigorous standards of quality. Conclusions: The MINCS emerges as a robust and dependable instrument for quantifying instances of missed care within the ICU. Its efficacy makes it a valuable resource for informing the development of strategies aimed at averting and mitigating the adverse effects associated with missed nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large vessel occlusion. Hypertension and increased blood pressure variability within the first 24 h after successful reperfusion are related to a higher risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and higher mortality. AIS patients might suffer from ischemia-reperfusion injury following reperfusion, especially within 24 h. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a sedative commonly used in EVT, can stabilize hemodynamics by inhibiting the sympathetic nervous system and alleviate ischemia-reperfusion injury through anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Postoperative prolonged sedation for 24 h with DEX might be a potential pharmacological approach to improve long-term prognosis after EVT. Methods: This single-center, open-label, prospective, randomized controlled trial will include 368 patients. The ethics committee has approved the protocol. After successful reperfusion (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction scores 2b–3, indicating reperfusion of at least 50% of the affected vascular territory), participants are randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. In the intervention group, participants will receive 0.1~1.0 μg/kg/h DEX for 24 h. In the control group, participants will receive an equal dose of saline for 24 h. The primary outcome is the functional outcome at 90 days, measured with the categorical scale of the modified Rankin Scale, ranging from 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (death). The secondary outcome includes (1) the changes in stroke severity between admission and 24 h and 7 days after EVT, measured by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (ranging from 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating greater severity); (2) the changes in ischemic penumbra volume/infarct volume between admission and 7 days after EVT, measured by neuroimaging scan; (3) the length of ICU/hospital stay; and (4) adverse events and the all-cause mortality rate at 90 days. Discussion: This randomized clinical trial is expected to verify the hypothesis that postoperative prolonged sedation with DEX after successful reperfusion may promote the long-term prognosis of patients with AIS and may reduce the related socio-economic burden. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04916197. Prospectively registered on 7 June 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat shock protein 20 (Hsp20) is a small molecule heat shock protein that plays an important role in plant growth, development, and stress resistance. Little is known about the function of Hsp20 family genes in apple (Malus domestica). Here, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the apple Hsp20 gene family, and a total of 49 Hsp20s genes were identified from the apple genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 49 genes were divided into 11 subfamilies, and MdHsp18.2b, a member located in the CI branch, was selected as a representative member for functional characterization. Treatment with NaCl and Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea), the causal agent of apple ring rot disease, significantly induced MdHsp18.2b transcription level. Further analysis revealed that overexpressing MdHsp18.2b reduced the resistance to salt stress but enhanced the resistance to B. dothidea infection in apple calli. Moreover, MdHsp18.2b positively regulated anthocyanin accumulation in apple calli. Physiology assays revealed that MdHsp18.2b promoted H2O2 production, even in the absence of stress factors, which might contribute to its functions in response to NaCl and B. dothidea infection. Hsps usually function as homo- or heterooligomers, and we found that MdHsp18.2b could form a heterodimer with MdHsp17.9a and MdHsp17.5, two members from the same branch withMdHsp18.2b in the phylogenetic tree. Therefore, we identified 49 Hsp20s genes from the apple genome and found that MdHsp18.2b was involved in regulating plant resistance to salt stress and B. dothidea infection, as well as in regulating anthocyanin accumulation in apple calli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic value of plasma exosomal miR-223 and its combination with CA125 for the diagnosis of early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Patients and methods: Exosomes derived from the plasma of 78 EOC patients, 40 patients with epithelial benign ovarian tumors, and 52 healthy participants were isolated using the ultracentrifugation method and identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and western blot. Results: The expression of exosomal miR-223 was significantly upregulated in the plasma of EOC patients compared to that in healthy subjects and patients with benign diseases. The combination of exosomal miR-223 and CA125 from plasma had an equivalent area under the ROC curve (AUC) to CA125 alone for discriminating between EOC and non-EOC cases, including healthy subjects and benign ovarian tumors. However, the AUC value of the combination was 0.944 (95% CI: 0.899–0.990) for differentially diagnosing early-stage EOC from healthy subjects, slightly higher than that of CA125 alone (0.928, 95% CI: 0.875–0.981), with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.9784 and 0.885, respectively. Conclusion: Our data suggest that plasma exosomal miR-223 can be used as a complement to CA125 to increase the diagnostic power for differentiating early-stage EOC from healthy subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High quality is an important goal of wheat breeding. Several superstrong gluten wheat varieties, e.g. 'Xinmai 26' and 'Xinmai 45', have been bred to meet the needs of the consumer market. However, the genetic composition, transmission frequency, and genetic contribution of these varieties and their progeny are not clear. To analyse the genetic composition of the high-quality strong gluten wheat varieties 'Xinmai 26' and 'Xinmai 45', the genetic contribution rates of parents to the varieties were determined using 6056 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers detected by a widely used high-throughput wheat array (15 K chip). Additionally, the chromosome polymorphisms of five related wheat varieties were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using four oligonucleotide probe sets. The results showed that the genetic contribution rate of 'Jinan 17' to 'Xinmai 26' was 55.97%, much higher than that (15.81%) of 'Xinmai 18'. 'Jimai 20' showed a genetic contribution rate of 57.53% to 'Xinmai 45', slightly higher than that of 'Xinmai 26' (40.21%). The specific fragment differences between male and female parents were identified in both breeding varieties, and 'Xinmai 26' had more specific fragments that differed from those of the male and female parents than 'Xinmai 45'. The chromosomes of group A and group B of the five varieties were significantly polymorphic, but no chromosomal translocations or inversions were found. These promising results will allow exploration of the genetic pattern of high-quality varieties, promote breeding efficiency, and facilitate the utilisation of the superior traits of backbone parents for wheat quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ventilator‐associated pneumonia is a common type of hospital‐acquired infection in critically ill patients. The implementation of effective oral care with chlorhexidine is known to be an effective intervention to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia. Nonetheless, no well‐supported evidence exists yet to rank the efficacy of various concentrations of chlorhexidine. Aim: To compare the efficacy of different concentrations of chlorhexidine (0.12%, 0.20% and 2.0%) for prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia. Study Design: Electronic databases, as well as bibliographies, were systematically searched to find relevant studies published in English from inception until January 1, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials of mechanically ventilated adult patients in intensive care settings comparing at least two of the following treatments: 0.12% chlorhexidine, 0.2% chlorhexidine, 2.0% chlorhexidine, or placebo. The selected outcome was the incidence of ventilator‐associated pneumonia. A frequentist network meta‐analysis was performed. We ranked the concentrations of chlorhexidine for the selected outcome by p score (estimate of the probability of being the best treatment). Results: We included 19 trials with 3183 participants, conducted across nine countries. The use of 2.0% chlorhexidine and 0.12% chlorhexidine decreased the risk of ventilator‐associated pneumonia compared with placebo (OR 0.46, 95% CI = 0.28–0.75; OR 0.49, 95% CI = 0.33–0.71, respectively), whereas the effect resulting from 0.02% chlorhexidine remains unclear (OR 0.78, 95% CI = 0.54–1.13). Our network meta‐analysis ranked the 2.0% concentration as the most beneficial for ventilator‐associated pneumonia prevention (p score: 0.92). Conclusion: The 2.0% chlorhexidine and the 0.12% chlorhexidine reduce the risk of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. According to the results of our network meta‐analysis, 2.0% chlorhexidine seems more beneficial. Chlorhexidine needs to be further evaluated in large‐scale controlled trials. Relevance to clinical practice: In patients in intensive care units, and within the inevitable limitations of a network meta‐analysis, this study proposes that 2.0% chlorhexidine is superior to other chlorhexidine concentrations in terms of preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries have a high theoretical specific capacity of 1675 mAh ⋅ g−1 and have become the most promising high‐energy storage system for the next generation batteries technology. However, their applications are hindered by insulated feature and volume expansion of sulfur, as well as the "shuttle effect" of polysulfides. MXenes own metallic conductivity and strong ability of polysulfides adsorption. Besides, their unique two‐dimensional (2D) structure, large specific surface area, abundant functional groups, and adjustability are beneficial to overcome the drawbacks of the sulfur cathode. In this review, different mainstream preparation methods and excellent properties of MXenes are summarized. Significant achievements and recent progress of MXene‐based cathodes and interlayers applied to Li−S cathodes are concluded later. Finally, the challenges, possible solutions and potential applications of MXenes for Li−S batteries are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban green spaces offer opportunity to detect the response of species to environmental variations by exploring population density and body size variations. In May 2022, we collected pillbugs from five urban green spaces in Yancheng, Jiangsu, P.R. China. One-way ANOVA, principal component analysis, Cramer's V. Mantel test and regression analysis were employed in this study. We found that the body size varied significantly among different urban spaces, while density did not. Most of the environmental properties were significantly different, except electrical conductivity and total nitrogen. The number of plant species and pH were distinguished as the main factors shaping the habitats. Body size related to the food resources, and density related to pH and vegetation coverage. Then body length and weight presented a significant positive correlation. A clumped distribution pattern of pillbugs was detected by Taylor's and Iwao's regressions. The environmental variations presented inconsistent effects on density and body size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article comments on: Wu Y, Sexton WK, Zhang Q, Bloodgood D, Wu Y, Hooks C, Coker F, Vasquez A, Wei C-I, Xiao S. 2024. Leaf abaxial immunity to powdery mildew in Arabidopsis is conferred by multiple defense mechanisms. Journal of Experimental Botany 75, 1465–1478. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies in shift workers and model organisms link circadian disruption to breast cancer. However, molecular circadian rhythms in noncancerous and cancerous human breast tissues and their clinical relevance are largely unknown. We reconstructed rhythms informatically, integrating locally collected, time-stamped biopsies with public datasets. For noncancerous breast tissue, inflammatory, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and estrogen responsiveness pathways show circadian modulation. Among tumors, clock correlation analysis demonstrates subtype-specific changes in circadian organization. Luminal A organoids and informatic ordering of luminal A samples exhibit continued, albeit dampened and reprogrammed rhythms. However, CYCLOPS magnitude, a measure of global rhythm strength, varied widely among luminal A samples. Cycling of EMT pathway genes was markedly increased in high-magnitude luminal A tumors. Surprisingly, patients with high-magnitude tumors had reduced 5-y survival. Correspondingly, 3D luminal A cultures show reduced invasion following molecular clock disruption. This study links subtype-specific circadian disruption in breast cancer to EMT, metastatic potential, and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monocyte dysfunction is critical to sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) has shown a close relationship with inflammatory disorder among animal models and patients. We aimed to investigate the potential beneficial immunologic mechanisms of anti-PD-L1 on monocyte dysfunction of mice with sepsis. Firstly, we assessed the potential association between PD-L1 expression on monocyte subsets and sepsis severity as well as 28-day mortality. In this study, 52 septic patients, 28 septic shock patients, and 40 healthy controls were enrolled and their peripheral whole blood was examined by flow cytometry. Then, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) were performed for establishing the mouse sepsis model. Subsequently, effects of anti-PD-L1 antibody on monocyte subset, major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) expression, cytokine production, and survival were investigated. PD-L1 expression on the classical monocytes (CD14 + + CD16 −) was significantly upregulated among septic shock patients and the 28-day death group than non-septic shock group and 28-day survival group (P < 0.05). Compared to septic mice, anti-PD-L1-treated mice had significantly elevated percentages of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II on peripheral Ly6chi monocyte at 24 h after CLP. Our results showed that the anti-PD-L1 antibody markedly decreased the level of serum inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-10 in sepsis mice at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, respectively (P < 0.05). The survival rate of CLP mice was significantly improved by anti-PD-L1 antibody treatment. Classical monocytes with high expression of PD-L1 were thought to be connected with sepsis progression. The PD-L1 blockade protects from sepsis, at least partially by inhibiting the reversal of monocyte dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Electrodiagnostic testing is an important screening test for myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Although myotonic discharges are observed on electromyography in cases of DM1, it is difficult to distinguish DM1 from other myotonic disorders clinically. In the present study, afterdischarges, another type of pathological potential revealed by electrodiagnostic testing, were analyzed, and their role in distinguishing DM1 from other myotonic disorders was explored. Methods: Data from 33 patients with myotonic discharges on electromyography were analyzed retrospectively. According to gene testing, the patients were divided into DM1 (n = 20) and non-DM1 myotonia (n = 13) groups. Afterdischarges were investigated by retrospectively evaluating the electrodiagnostic findings of motor nerve conduction studies, F-waves, and repetitive nerve stimulations. Results: Afterdischarges were observed in 17 of the 20 patients with DM1, with an occurrence rate of approximately 85%. However, afterdischarges were absent in all patients with non-DM1 myotonia. There were significant differences in the occurrence rate between the two groups (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Afterdischarges may serve as a suggestive role in clinical diagnosis of DM1. The discovery that DM1 can present with afterdischarges may pave a new way to study the pathogenesis of DM1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lumbar erector muscle atrophy and global sagittal imbalance in lumbar degenerative kyphosis (LDK) and with postoperative proximal junctional kyphosis. Overview of Literature: Lumbar erector muscle atrophy has been studied in LDK. However, its role in the compensatory mechanism is still under intense discussion, and the role of erector spinae (ES) muscle is always overlooked. Methods: This study enrolled 51 patients with LDK out of 382 patients with adult degenerative spinal deformity. Baseline information was reviewed including demographic data and complications. Sagittal spinopelvic alignments and global imbalance parameters were assessed on full-length X-ray images of the spine. Muscularity and the fatty infiltration area of the ES and multifidus (MF) were measured at the L4/5 level on preoperative magnetic resonance image to evaluate the lumbar erector muscle atrophy. Stratification by sagittal vertical axis (SVA) was performed: group 1 with SVA <100 mm and group 2 with SVA >100 mm, and these groups were compared. Spearman correlation and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze and define risk factors of postoperative proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK). Results: Group 2 had lower ES and MF muscularity than group 1. ES muscularity correlated with SVA (r =-0.510, p =0.003), lumbar lordosis (r =-0.415, p =0.018), and postoperative PJK (r =-0.508, p =0.022). MF muscularity did not correlate with the above parameters. Multivariable logistic regression analysis verified ES muscularity (odds ratio [OR], 0.001; p =0.039) and SVA (OR, 1.034; p =0.048) as the risk factors for postoperative PJK. Conclusions: ES atrophy, besides the MF, is an important predictor in distinguishing decompensated LDK from well-compensated ones. It plays an important role in compensatory mechanism, not only correlates with global sagittal imbalance but also ties to PJK after deformity corrective surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To systematically review the association between psychological pain and suicidality in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The databases of PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO were used to search and articles were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria until February 2022. Two researchers independently screened the papers, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (CMA) was used for meta-analysis and the combined OR (95 % CI) values were calculated. A total of 7 articles were included, with a sample size of 1364. The present study showed that psychological pain was a risk factor for suicidality in patients with MDD (OR = 1.322, 95 % CI: 1.165–1.500). After Duval and Tweedie trim and fill to rectify potential publication bias, psychological pain was still a risk factor for suicidality in patients with MDD [OR = 1.196 (95 % CI : 1.030–1.388), P < 0.001]. Subgroup analyses showed that average age ≥ 40 [ r = 0.57 (95 % CI : 0.32–0.81), P < 0.001] was moderating variable for psychological pain and suicidality. Reducing psychological pain in MDD patients is somewhat important for preventing their suicidality, especially for the patients with advancing age. • Our systematic review offers a quantitative analysis of the relationship between psychological pain and suicidality in patients with major depressive disorder. • The results indicate that psychological pain is a significant risk factor for suicidal tendencies in patients with MDD. • Psychological pain was a greater risk for suicidality in older patients with MDD compared to younger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we characterize the DNA methylation phenotypes of bone marrow cells from mice with hematopoietic deficiency of Dnmt3a or Dnmt3b (or both enzymes) or expressing the dominant-negative Dnmt3aR878H mutation [R882H in humans; the most common DNMT3A mutation found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)]. Using these cells as substrates, we defined DNA remethylation after overexpressing wild-type (WT) DNMT3A1, DNMT3B1, DNMT3B3 (an inactive splice isoform of DNMT3B), or DNMT3L (a catalytically inactive "chaperone" for DNMT3A and DNMT3B in early embryogenesis). Overexpression of DNMT3A for 2 weeks reverses the hypomethylation phenotype of Dnmt3a-deficient cells or cells expressing the R878H mutation. Overexpression of DNMT3L (which is minimally expressed in AML cells) also corrects the hypomethylation phenotype of Dnmt3aR878H/+ marrow, probably by augmenting the activity of WT DNMT3A encoded by the residual WT allele. DNMT3L reactivation may represent a previously unidentified approach for restoring DNMT3A activity in hematopoietic cells with reduced DNMT3A function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing novel high‐temperature van der Waals ferromagnetic semiconductor materials and investigating their interface coupling effects with 2D topological semimetals are pivotal for advancing next‐generation spintronic and quantum devices. However, most van der Waals ferromagnetic semiconductors exhibit ferromagnetism only at low temperatures, limiting the proximity research on their interfaces with topological semimetals. Here, an intrinsic, van der Waals layered room‐temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor crystal, FeCr0.5Ga1.5Se4 (FCGS), is reported with a Curie temperature (TC) as high as 370 K, setting a new record for van der Waals ferromagnetic semiconductors. The saturation magnetization at low temperature (2 K) and room temperature (300 K) reaches 8.2 and 2.7 emu g−1, respectively. Furthermore, FCGS possesses a bandgap of ≈1.2 eV, which is comparable to the widely used commercial silicon. The FCGS/graphene 2D heterostructure exhibits an impeccably smooth and gapless interface, thereby inducing a robust van der Waals magnetic proximity coupling effect between FCGS and graphene. After the proximity coupling, graphene undergoes a charge carrier transition from electrons to holes, accompanied by a transition from non‐magnetic to ferromagnetic transport behavior with robust anomalous Hall effect (AHE). Notably, the van der Waals magnetic proximity‐induced AHE remains robust even up to 400 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes (AML/MDS) have historically had poor prognoses. However, there has been a recent increase in the use of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are in this patient population. Nevertheless, the optimal choice of donor type for the patients remains an unmet need. Limited data exist on the use of allo-HSCT in elderly patients with AML/MDS from China. To better understand and optimize the selection of donor type for the elderly patients, particularly for those with refractory or relapsed disease, in comparison with the previous studies in the US and Europe. Methods: Our retrospective study enrolled 259 patients aged over 55 years who underwent their first allo-HSCT between April 2015 and August 2022. These patients were divided into three groups based on donor type: haploidentical related donor group (haploidentical related donor transplantation [HID], n = 184), matched sibling donor group (matched sibling donor transplantation [MSD], n = 39), and matched unrelated donor group (matched unrelated donor transplantation [MUD], n = 36). Statistics were performed with the chi-square test, the log-rank and Fine-Gray tests. Results: The median age of the cohort was 57 years (range: 55–75) and 26.25% of patients were over 60 years old. Younger patients had a higher incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (HR = 1.942, P = 0.035), faster neutrophil recovery (HR = 1.387, P = 0.012), and better overall survival (HR = 0.567, P = 0.043) than patients aged ≥ 60 years across the entire cohort. Patients with refractory or relapsed (R/R) diseases had delayed neutrophil engraftment (P = 0.010, HR = 0.752) and platelet engraftment (P < 0.001, HR = 0.596), higher incidence of relapses (HR = 2.300, P = 0.013), and inferior relapse-free survival (RFS) (HR = 1.740, HR = 0.016) regardless of donor type. When it came to graft-versus-host-disease-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS), MUDs turned out to be superior to HIDs (HR = 0.472, P = 0.026) according to the multivariable analysis. In contrast, we found MSDs had an inferior GRFS to HIDs in parallel (HR = 1.621, P = 0.043). Conclusion: The choice of donor type did not significantly affect the outcomes of allo-HSCT. However, when considering the quality of post-transplant life, MUDs or HIDs from younger donors may be the optimal choice for elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon-based single-atom catalysts, a promising candidate in electrocatalysis, offer insights into electron-donating effects of metal center on adjacent atoms. Herein, we present a practical strategy to rationally design a model catalyst with a single zinc (Zn) atom coordinated with nitrogen and sulfur atoms in a multilevel carbon matrix. The Zn site exhibits an atomic interface configuration of ZnN4S1, where Zn's electron injection effect enables thermal-neutral hydrogen adsorption on neighboring atoms, pushing the activity boundaries of carbon electrocatalysts toward electrochemical hydrogen evolution to an unprecedented level. Experimental and theoretical analyses confirm the low-barrier Volmer-Tafel mechanism of proton reduction, while the multishell hollow structures facilitate the hydrogen evolution even at high current intensities. This work provides insights for understanding the actual active species during hydrogen evolution reaction and paves the way for designing high-performance electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]