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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease in women, potentially causing ovarian infertility for women at gestational age. Huatan Tongjing Decoction is commonly used to treat PCOS; however, the involved molecular mechanism has not been fully understood. In this study, the active components of Huatan Tongjing Decoction and potentially targeted proteins were downloaded from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. PCOS-related genes were accessed from Malacards database. STRING database was utilized to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network based on the PCOS-related genes and the predicted targets. Subsequently, the PPI network was subjected to Random walk with restart (RWR). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on top 50 genes with the high affinity scores to the drug targets. Subsequently, based on the predicted drug components and targets, a component-gene interaction network was constructed. Finally, the most central drug targets were selected, and the corresponding compounds were subjected to molecular docking and dynamic simulations to examine their bindings. The 122 main active components and 246 potential targets of Huatan Tongjing Decoction were obtained from TCMSP, and a total of 259 nodes and 1919 interactions were acquired from the PPI network. The top 50 genes were mainly enriched in response to peptide hormone function and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations predicted that MMP-quercetin interaction played an important role in the treatment of PCOS using Huatan Tongjing Decoction. Luteolin and quercetin in Huatan Tongjing Decoction potentially bound MMP9 and served as active components. This study preliminarily suggested the efficacy of Huatan Tongjing Decoction against PCOS in molecular degree.

In this paper, the segregation behavior of fine particles with different densities in a gas–solid separation fluidized bed with Geldart B particles acting as the fluidized medium was studied. The variation characteristics of the bed density and bubble behavior under different operating gas velocities were studied by analyzing the pressure drop signal occurring within in the bed. The results showed that there was an evident backmixing phenomenon of feed composed of single and mixed particles in a gas–solid fluidized bed, and the total misplaced material rate reached 45.8%, 46.12% and 44.48%, indicating that the feed could not achieve a good segregation effect according to the bed density. The mixing effect of feed particles first increased and then decreased with increasing operating gas velocities. However, it is worth noting that the gas–solid fluidized bed system still had a good segregation effect for feed particles with densities higher than the bed density.

Hydrophobic micro-porous membrane such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with excellent thermal-/chemical-stability and low surface energy has received extensive attention in industrial water treatment and sustainable energy conversion. However, undesirable contaminants caused by inevitable proteins or microorganisms adhesion may lead to a rapid loss of separation efficiency, which significantly deteriorate their porous structures and eventually limit their practical performance. Herein, we present a scalable approach for fabricating comb-like copolymer modified PVDF membranes (PVDF-PN@AgNPs) that prevent bacteria from proliferating on the surface and temperature-controlled release of adhered contaminants. Comb-like structured copolymers were imparted to a polydopamine (PDA)-treated PVDF membrane by Michael addition reaction, which enabled a covalent binding of comb-like structured copolymers to the membrane. Such unique structural design of grafted copolymer, containing hydrophilic side chain and temperature-responsive chain backbone, stably prevents bacteria adhesion and provides reversible surface wettability. Therefore, the resultant membranes were evaluated to prevent bacterial adhesion, high touch-killing efficiency and temperature-controlled contaminants release (~99% of protein and ~75% of bacteria). Moreover, with the collapse and stretch of grafted copolymer chain backbone, the synthetic membrane further reversibly adjusted inner micro-porous structure and surface wettability, which eventually helped to achieve variable water fluid transport efficiency. This study not only provides a feasible structural design for stably coping with the challenging of antifouling and subsequent contamination adhesion of PVDF membrane, but also potentially answers the significant gap between lab research advances and practical application, particularly in the industrial membrane field.

The bed fluidization characteristics, such as pressure drop, minimum fluidization gas velocity, density, and voidage, play a vital role in understanding the hydrodynamic behavior of fluidization technologies. In this work, the variation in the bed pressure drop was analyzed in presence and absence of an acoustic field. Meanwhile, the minimum fluidization gas velocity was investigated for five different fine particle (−0.074 mm) contents as the acoustic source varied between 90 and 150 Hz, and the sound pressure level was within a range of 100–135 dB. The experimental results show that, upon an increase in the fine-grained particle (−0.074 mm) content, the sound frequency and sound pressure level have different effects on the minimum fluidization gas velocity. The introduction of an acoustic wave can effectively ensure the stability of the bed density, thus improving the separation performance of a gas–solid separation fluidized bed, with a lower probable error E.

Increasing energy demand and high environmental pressure are calling for grading, quality-based classification and effective utilization of coal in China. Using fine classification and multistage pulverization liberation techniques, a typical inertinite-rich coal was used to study the migration characteristics of ash content, sulfur content and macerals of the classifier products. The results showed that the vitrinite and the inertinite contents obtained using fine classification technique reached the maximum of 61.5% and 73.3%, respectively, with enrichment efficiencies of 16.6% and 55.3%, respectively. In contrast, the maximum vitrinite and inertinite contents treated with the multistage pulverization liberation technique reached 58.9% and 82.8%, respectively, with enrichment efficiencies of 11.8% and 75.4%, respectively. A calculation model and a process model for the pulverization liberation of coal maceral were proposed. The maceral separation techniques developed in this study showed outstanding quality improvement and quality-based classification effects.

In a gas–solid separation fluidized bed, mixing of fine coal is necessary to achieve a suitable bed density to enable effective separation of low rank coal. On the basis of a variety of mixture models, a gas–solid separation fluidized bed was judged, where fine coal particles of 0.6–1.0 mm were uniformly mixed with magnetite powder. High-speed dynamic camera technology was combined with a slump-sampling method to study the mixing process of the fine coal in the fluidized bed. These results showed that limitations of the fluidized bed structure cause the mixing process to be dominated by lateral diffusion and supplemented by axial diffusion. Axial diffusion was mainly achieved through the ascension of bubbles, whereas lateral diffusion was determined by the bursting action of the gas bubbles at the surface of the bed and the undulating characteristics of the bed. The effective lateral diffusion coefficient increased exponentially with gas velocity but had no strong relationship with the bed height. As the feed point moved toward the center, fine coal began to diffuse to both sides, which shortened the time for the bed density stabilization from 20 to 5 min. The bed density of the layer was stabilized at approximately 1.75 g/cm3. The separation efficiency of the gas–solid separation fluidized bed containing binary mixtures was more obvious for 6–50 mm raw coal, with a probable error E of 0.16.

To study the fluidization characteristics and separation performance of a gas-solid dense-phase fluidized bed, bed space structure and force analyses of particles in the radial and axial zones are explored. The results indicate that the standard deviation and average bed density increases with increases in the static bed height. As the fluidization number is increased, the average bed density decreases and fluctuates drastically. Under the same fluidization number, the density in the upper layer is low with violent fluctuations, and it is relatively lower in middle layer and higher on the side wall. The ratio of the minimum pressure gradients in the axial and radial zones in the fluidized state was 10, which proved that the main movement mode of particles is settlement motion in the axial direction. The probable error values were 0.095 and 0.097 g/cm3 in optimal test conditions, indicating efficient separation of 13–25 mm coal particles.

Gas–solid separation fluidized beds are one of the main equipment for the clean utilization of coal resources in China. The vertical internals has a strong influence on the fluidized beds. The combination of Fluent simulation and experimental measurements was used to study the performance of a fluidized bed. The results show that vertical internals can inhibit the formation of larger bubbles evidently at high gas velocity, and divide the original particle circulation flow field into several small cycles, which plays a positive role in promoting the particle mixing, thus, improving the fluidization quality. A fluidized bed with five vertical internals was used to separate 6–50 mm raw coal. The ash content of clean coal is 16.03% with a yield of 43.29%, while the ash content of gangue is 43.60% with a yield of 56.71%. Probable error, E, value is as low as 0.13 g/cm3, which indicates good separation performance.

The neuroinflammatory hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) posits that amyloid-beta (Aβ) phagocytosis along with subsequent lysosomal damage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays important roles in Aβ-induced microglia activation and microglia-induced neurotoxicity. Sulforaphane (SFN) has neuroprotective effects for AD. However, whether SFN can inhibit its cytotoxic autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia remain unknown. In this study, results showed SFN played an indirect, protective role on neurons via a series of impacts on Aβ-activated microglia, including inhibition of autophagy initiation as well as autophagic lysosomal membrane permeability and subsequent NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasomes activation. M1 phenotype polarization was also inhibited. Our results demonstrated that SFN could inhibit the cytostatic autophagy-induced NLRP3 signaling pathway in Aβ-activated microglia by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These results provide novel insight into the potential role of SFN in AD therapy.

Objective Both cystatin C (CysC) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) are markers of kidney injury and may also be marker candidates for neuroinflammation. The aim of this article is to explore the relationship between kidney injury and ischemic stroke (IS).Methods 498 IS patients were enrolled, and 173 IS-related disease control (DC) patients and 293 healthy control (HC) subjects were randomly selected. We analyzed the relationship between the levels of serum kidney function markers (including NGAL, Cre, Ure, CysC and eGFR) and the occurrence of IS.Results When they were admitted to the hospital, the NGAL level of patients with first-onset IS was higher than that of both HC group (z=5.964, Pp=0.341, Pp=0.460) , PConclusion IS is related to kidney injury and neuroinflammation. NGAL and CysC are suitable for IS prediction in patients with normal kidney function and CKD, respectively. Researchers should pay attention to the changes of NGAL and CysC for the prevention and treatment of stroke in these two types of patients, respectively.

The pseudo-fluid characteristics of the gas–solid separation fluidized bed provide a set of feasible methods for the dry separation of coal. The equipment used in the development of dry separation ...

The distribution plate structure plays an important role in the stability of air dense medium fluidized beds (ADMFB). Optimization of the distribution plate structure can reduce the generat...

The characteristics of gas–solid fluidized beds, which are often applied for the separation of minerals, are affected by the moisture carried by wet coal. 3D X-Ray Microanalyser (3D-XRM) and electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) were used to monitor the moisture transfer process of wet coal, as well as the structure and distribution of agglomerates formed in the bed. The fluidization performance of the bed was then studied by a high-speed camera system and pressure drop measurement. The moisture in the wet coal was found to be mainly in the form of free moisture or external moisture on the coal surface. The free moisture mainly formed agglomerates of magnetite, whereas the external moisture caused magnetite to adhere to the surface of raw coal. The agglutinating value of wet coal is mainly affected by external moisture and size fraction, but has little correlation with coal density. The tendency of the formed agglomerate content can be divided into three stages: (i) When the external moisture is 1%, no agglomerates appear in the bed; (ii) When the external moisture reaches 2%, agglomerates are present in the form of magnetite adhering to the coal surface; (iii) When the external moisture exceeds 3%, magnetite adhered to the coal surface is dominant for the agglomerates. Excess moisture will cause the magnetite itself to agglomerate and participate in the internal particle circulation in the bed. At the same time, the moisture content plays a crucial role in the fluidization behavior of the bed. As the moisture content increases, the fluidization behavior of the bed begins to transition from group B to An under low moisture content ( 0.75%).

Development of novel materials with dual antibacterial and antifouling functions is important for many bio-applications. In this work, we design and synthesize a series of mixed polymer brushes grafted from silica surface as a new type of antibiofouling and antimicrobial coating, which combine poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (polyHEAA) synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) and cationic poly(trimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate chloride, polyMETAC) synthesized by photoiniferter-mediated polymerization (SI-PIMP). The surface composition, charge and morphology of the resultant mixed polymer brushes are carefully characterized and optimized by tuning ATRP and PIMP initiator ratios. The mixed polymer brushes possess strong bacterial killing ability from polyMETAC chains and high antifouling property from polyHEAA chains. At the optimal conditions, the mixed polyHEAA/polyMETAC brushes exhibit excellent anti-bacterial adhesion property by retaining ultralow cell adhesion of ˜3.0 × 105 cells/cm2 and high contact killing efficiency by killing more than 90% attached bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus. Long-term antibacterial performance indicated the cell adhesion was retained at ultralow level of 5 × 105 cells/cm2 even after 72 h exposure to bacteria solution. The results indicate that surface grafting with polyHEAA and polyMETAC can be potentially useful for long-term biomedical and biomaterial applications.

In order to achieve high-quality coal resources in western China, this study focused on a coal sample from the Shangwan Coal Mine, owned by the China Shendong Group, and employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mineral liberation analysis (MLA), and maceral component quantitative analysis for investigating the coal sample’s liberation characteristics and crack distribution patterns after pre-grading and microwave processing. The results show that the physical properties of coal maceral components significantly affected the related enrichment performances, and many intra-group and inter-group cracks were produced under the induction of microwave radiation. The cracks then developed and stopped growing among the different maceral components and mineral components, thereby inducing selective and random pulverization along the crack growth direction in further pulverization process and effectively enhancing the liberation properties of different components. Using the Sandbox method, the fractal dimension of the cracks on the particle surface was calculated to be 1.01, which confirmed the self-similarity of the cracks on the coal surface. Multi-intensification maceral liberation also yielded favorable grading performances. The inertinite content was the highest (75.23%) in grade-3 product, while the vitrinite content was the highest (66.3%) in grade-1 product; the corresponding enrichment ratios were 2.15 and 1.59, respectively. Moreover, the ash content in grade-2 product was the lowest, which dropped by 3.61% compared with that in raw coal sample.

A theoretical model of viscosity in gas-solid separation fluidized beds is established according to the two-phase flow theory of fluidized beds. After comparing theoretical and measured values, the correlation coefficient between the two is as high as 0.99, showing that the model has good predictability for the viscosity of fluidized beds. Meanwhile, the viscosity and its influencing factors were studied using a Brookfield viscometer. The study shows that smaller medium particles (0.074–0.15 mm) can reduce the viscosity of fluidized beds, but they will aggravate the viscosity fluctuation at more than 5 wt% addition, which is unfavorable to the stability of fluidized beds. In addition, in the actual separation process, the external factors (such as moisture and coal powder content) also affect the viscosity of the fluidized beds. Increasing the moisture increases the viscosity of the fluidized bed, whereas coal dust has the opposite effect. In order to ensure the stability of the fluidized bed, the bed moisture content should be controlled below 1 wt%, while the content of coal powder should be limited below 5 wt%. Based on separation tests, reducing the viscosity will improve the separation performance of a fluidized bed at the proper fluidized gas velocity, with the lowest possible error Ep of 0.085.

Recent changes in population-based prevalence for circulatory system diseases (CSDs) remain unreported either nationally or locally for China. Data were from the two-round health service household interview survey of Hunan Province, China, in 2013 and 2018. A Rao–Scott chi-square test was performed to examine prevalence differences across socio-demographic variables. The overall age-standardized prevalence of CSDs increased substantially between 2013 and 2018 for inhabitants aged 20 years and older (14.25% vs. 21.25%, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.24–2.04). Hypertensive disease was the most prevalent type of CSD, accounting for 87.24% and 83.83% of all CSDs in 2013 and in 2018, respectively. After controlling for other socio-demographic factors, the prevalence of CSDs was significantly higher in 2018 (adjusted OR = 1.40), urban residents (adjusted OR = 1.43), females (adjusted OR = 1.12) and older age groups (adjusted OR = 5.36 for 50–59 years, 9.51 for 60–69 years, 15.19 for 70–79 years, and 12.90 for 80 years and older) than in 2013, rural residents, males and the youngest age group (20–49 years). The recent increase in the overall age-standardized CSD prevalence and the large prevalence disparities across urban/rural residents, sex and age groups merit the attention of policymakers and researchers. Further prevention efforts are needed to curb the increasing tendency and to reduce the prevalence of disparities across socio-demographic groups.

Background Several studies have assessed the reporting quality of all-cause mortality data from the WHO Mortality Database, but little is known about coding quality and its impact on elderly unintentional fall mortality data worldwide. We aimed to assess the coding quality of deaths and its impact on elderly unintentional fall mortality. Methods Using data from the WHO Mortality Database, 1990–2019, we calculated the number of countries/territories that had mortality data in the database, and the proportion of deaths with five types of problematic codes based on the 10th International Classification of Disease (unspecified deaths, injury deaths with undetermined intent, unspecified unintentional injury, unintentional falls with unspecified mechanism, unintentional falls with unknown occurrence place). We estimated age-adjusted unintentional fall mortality before and after correcting problematic codes. Results Only 64% (124/194) of WHO member states had at least 1 year of mortality data in the database during 1990–2019, and data unavailability was more common for underdeveloped countries/territories than for developed countries/territories. Coding quality was poor for many countries/territories. Among the study years when countries/territories possessed mortality data, 80, 53, 51, and 63% had a proportion of unintentional fall deaths with unspecified mechanism over 50% in low-income, lower middle-income, upper middle-income, and high-income countries/territories, respectively; comparable proportions for unintentional fall deaths with unknown occurrence place were 100, 42, 71, and 62%. Among the 94 countries/territories having mortality data, problematic codes caused a relative mortality difference ≥ 50% in 59 countries/territories (63%). After correcting problematic codes, 5 of 55 countries/territories with data witnessed a reverse in mortality changes between 2005 and 2015. Among the 82 countries/territories with mortality data for 5 or more years, 18 countries/territories (22%) experienced a directional reverse in linear regression coefficient. Conclusions The availability and coding quality of global data related to elderly unintentional fall mortality was poor between 1990 and 2019. When data are available, varying coding quality across countries/territories and over time have a substantial impact on mortality estimates and mortality comparisons. Global agencies plus each individual government should be aware of the importance of collecting and sharing high-quality mortality data, and take action to improve data quality for inclusion in the WHO Mortality Database.

To study the characteristics of different comminution methods during the separation of coal components, mineral liberation analysis (MLA) was performed on typical coal variants produced in Western China. In this work, the granularity, free surface, phase specific surface area, and mineral phase interfaces of coal and its primary mineral constituents under the actions of rod milling and ball milling were investigated. For the same milling time, ball milling was found to be more effective in reducing grain sizes and producing more concentrated grain size distributions. The mineral components with different dissemination grain sizes and dissemination patterns exhibited different separation grades and responded differently to each comminution method. The recovery rates of coal and siderite monomers for rod milling were 92.85% and 61.56%, respectively. The recovery rates of pyrite and quartz monomers for ball milling were 80.52% and 52.60%, respectively. The free surface and phase specific surface areas were compressively analyzed for optimum mineral separation, and separation models were developed for typical coal components under the actions of each comminution method. The compaction forces associated with rod milling tended to induce intergranular cracks, whereas the impact forces associated with ball milling generated intragranular cracks; the latter is beneficial for separating minerals with relatively fine disseminated grain sizes.

Zwitterionic polymer brushes with strong anti-polyeletrolyte effect have shown great potential in applications of tunable friction, protein absorption/desorption, and “killing and release” antibacterial surfaces. However, such polymer brushes are presently prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer polymerization (SI-ATRP) which is a sophisticated and time-consuming process. In this paper, a simple method, i.e. surface-initiated photoiniferter-mediated polymerization (SI-PIMP) was used to prepare poly (3-(dimethyl (4-vinylbenzyl) ammonio) propyl sulfonate) (polyDVBAPS) brush on silicon wafer. It was shown that the reaction solution had a significant effect on the growth rate and surface roughness of the resulting brushes. In suitable solution (e.g. 0.53 M NaCl solution) brushes with controllable thickness and smooth surface could be obtained. Contact angle and surface friction measurement indicated that the brush prepared by SI-PIMP showed identical salt-responsive properties compared to the brushes from SI-ATRP. In addition, the thermo-responsive properties of polyDVBAPS brush was also investigated, which was further used for tuning surface friction of the brush. Due to the thermo-responsive properties, polyDVBAPS brush showed super lubrication (u ∼ 10−3) in water and NaCl solutions with low concentrations (0.1 M and 0.53 M) when the temperature was increased to 70 °C, 65 °C and 55 °C respectively. Although ultralow friction could be achieved under the conditions of different temperature and salt concentration, the stability against long-term friction highly depended on the environmental condition. At 40 °C and in 1.0 M NaCl solution, ultralow friction was well retained up to 1500 s, while under other conditions (saturated NaCl solution of 25 °C and 0.53 M NaCl solution of 55 °C), aqueous lubrication was rapidly deteriorated. This work not only demonstrated the practicability of the SI-PIMP for the preparation of polyDVBAPS brush, but also realized the tunable surface friction of such polyzwitterionic brush under different environmental conditions, extending its applications in both academic and industrial communities.

Stimuli-responsive surfaces with switchable bacterial killing and release are new promising candidates for the development of new antibacterial materials. Although such surfaces have been extensively studied and many advances have been achieved, a number of challenges are remained, including the optimization of structure, moderate stimuli, and so forth. In this paper, we developed a new “killing and release” antibacterial surface by combining poly[2-(tert-butylamino) ethyl methacrylate] (polyTA) and poly(3-(dimethyl (4-vinylbenzyl) ammonio) propyl sulfonate) (polyDVBAPS) via mixed brushes system. The bactericidal activity of polyTA and salt-responsive property of polyDVBAPS could be well integrated in this way. Accordingly, the surface showed high bactericidal activity by killing more than 94% attached bacteria of E. coli and S. aureus and excellent release capability by detaching most attached bacteria in response to salt solution. Both bacterial killing effectiveness and release rate were well retained ...

The development of new antimicrobial materials and strategies is of importance for many biomedical and industrial applications. In this work, we report a new strategy to integrate distinct antimicrobial, antifouling, and stimuli-responsive properties into a single hydrogel to realize bacteria resistance, killing, and releasing functions. To achieve this design, we conjugated salt-responsive anti-polyelectrolyte polyDVBAPS (poly(3-(dimethyl(4-vinylbenzyl)ammonio)propyl sulfonate)) with antifouling polyHEAA (poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide)) and antimicrobial AgNPs (silver nanoparticles) to form a hybrid hydrogel of polyDVBAPS-g-polyHEAA@AgNPs, among which polyHEAA functions as a general antifouling background to prevent bacteria adsorption on the surface, AgNPs act as antimicrobial agents to kill bacteria on the surface, and polyDVBAPS uses its unique salt-responsive, anti-polyelectrolyte property to release adherent bacteria from the surface. In this design, polyDVBAPS-g-polyHEAA@AgNPs hydrogels not only effectively resist bacteria attachment and kill the adherent bacteria, but also regenerate the antifouling surface of the hydrogel by releasing the adhered bacteria to keep the surface free from bacteria. The polyDVBAPS-g-polyHEAA@AgNPs hydrogels exhibited high surface resistance to bacteria adsorption ( 96% of adherent live or dead bacteria from the surface upon a simple treatment of 1.0 M NaCl solution for 10 min. Upon the release of AgNPs, AgNPs were reloaded into the hydrogel again to achieve multiple antifouling, bactericidal, and regenerative properties. This work demonstrates a new design for a new multifunctional hydrogel to effectively achieve antimicrobial, antifouling, and surface regeneration properties, making this hydrogel very promising for antimicrobial applications.

To maximize the potential of China’s scarce coking coal resources, we studied quality improvement techniques for coal middlings using a self-designed fluidized bed jet milling–fineness classificati...

To compare the desulfurization performance of conventional extraction solvents and novel ionic liquid, desulfurization experiments by extraction were conducted on sulfolane, acetonitrile, N-formyl morpholine, and [BPy]BF4 using model Fluid Catalytic Cracking gasoline (thiophene and n-octane) as feedstock. Results showed that the desulfurization rate of ionic liquid was worse than conventional extraction solvents, but its yield of sweet gasoline was higher, which could reach to 90.36%. Among the four solvents, N-formyl morpholine had the best desulfurization performance, while sulfolane was the most stable extraction agent.

This research demonstrates a novel technique for achieving ultraclean coal production through the coupling of pulverization, classification, and separation of Taixi anthracite. Specifically, ultrafine pulverization techniques used in noncoal fields were newly applied to coal in this study. Taixi anthracite served as the subject material, and an air impact pulverization–precise classification process was designed and demonstrated. The effects of primary variables on process outcomes were investigated, and then, the process was optimized. In order of effect, the primary variables included pulverizing pressure, secondary wind pressure, classifier II rotational speed, and classifier I rotational speed. The classified products with ash content, particle size and classification precision cascade change can be obtained, ultimately, realizing the results of quality-upgrading of coal products. Under optimal process conditions of a 0.5-MPa pulverizing pressure, 0.10-MPa secondary wind pressure, 210-Hz classifier II rotational speed, and 230-Hz classifier I rotational speed, ultraclean coal with an ash content of 1.40% was produced. Ash content gradients for different product classifications were apparent, suggesting that the separation effect can be determined through precise classification. Numerical simulation results indicated that airflow kinetic energy transformation was the primary energy source facilitating pulverization. During impact pulverization, Taixi anthracite experienced selective, differentiated, and surface pulverization effects.

Although compound dry separation technology has been applied to industrial applications for +6 mm size fraction of coal separation, the technology has not been widely applied in the separation of fine coal (&minus, 6 mm). In this study, the effect of the partition plate unit characteristics on both the average density of particles in the bed uniformly and the final separation results in a fine coal separation process were studied. According to the results, the standard deviations of the corresponding density distribution were 0.08, 0.14, and 0.07 when the height of the partition plate was 2.5 cm, the partition plate angle was 35&deg, and the distance from the apex of partition plate on the backplane, was 12 cm, respectively, which were the lowest values at the same level. These results showed that the average density of particles in the bed was uniformly, and its corresponding density distribution contour map was more regular. When the amplitude was 2.8 mm, the frequency was 29 Hz, the height of the partition plate was 2.5 cm, the partition plate angle was 35&deg, and the distance from the apex of the partition plate to the backplane was 12 cm, as a result, the E value was 0.115 g/cm3, the yield of the concentrate was 69.24%, the ash content was 12.52%, and the separation effect was better. The characteristics of the partition plate unit have an important effect on the separating process of &minus, 6 mm fine coal in the compound dry separator.

Modification technology has become an important factor in realizing the preparation of coal-based materials considering the agglomeration phenomenon that often occurs during the ultrafine crushing process of coal. In this paper, Taixi anthracite was adopted as raw material, and maleic anhydride (MAH), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) were respectively selected as modifiers to conduct in-situ surface modification on Taixi ultralow ash anthracite. The optimum proportions of MAH and DBSA were both 1%, and the corresponding particle size d97 could decrease from 14.45 μm to 7.17 μm and 7.09 μm respectively, meanwhile with a good dispersity. In contrast, the aid-grinding and dispersion effects of EDTA in the ultrafine crushing process of Taixi anthracite were not as significant. The increasing proportions of these three modifiers have similar influence on DBP absorption value of Taixi coal powder, namely presenting an increasing trend first followed by a decreasing one. According to FTIR analysis, all these three modifiers could cover the particle surface of Taixi anthracite in the form of physical coating. After overall consideration, MAH was the best modifier for the in-situ surface modification of Taixi coal powder. Therefore, this study can provide technological support for follow-up studies on composition of coal-based PANI.

To elucidate the coal component liberation mechanisms upon typical impact breakage, the coal was selected from the Shangwan mine in China. Thereafter, mineral liberation analysis was adopted as the main method for investigating phase interface characteristics, classification characteristics of the various classes of comminuted products, and changes in the mineral area and length gradients upon mechanical impact breakage. The results indicate that the grain sizes of the comminuted products decreased in the following order: slag product >classifier product >bag product. Moreover, the disseminated grain size, dissemination mode, and original cleavages had a direct influence on the recovery rate of the completely liberated phase. The coal, which formed the main component of the samples, exhibited the highest cumulative mass recovery (CMR) in classified products and was most easily liberated. Furthermore, the kaolinite-bearing coal and pyrite were moderately liberated, the quartz and kaolinite were difficult to liberate, and the illite was extremely difficult to liberate. Under mechanical impact breakage, intragranular and intergranular fractures mainly occurred in particles, with the changes in the mineral boundary and mineral area corresponding to varying fracture modes. To a certain extent, the particle comminution could be quantified by the changes in the slope of the equivalent circle diameter–-CMR curve. It was determined that the main cause of the increased liberation degree is the generation of the completely liberated phase of the component of interest. Furthermore, by adopting the liberation factor for quantification of the mineral liberation, the calculation model for coal component liberation was obtained.

BACKGROUND With the growing popularity of mobile health technology, app-based interventions delivered by smartphone have become an increasingly important strategy toward injury prevention. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a framework supporting the design of an app-based intervention to prevent unintentional injury, targeted for caregivers of Chinese children aged 0 to 6 years. METHODS A theory-based mixed-method study, including focus groups and Web-based quantitative survey, was performed. Adult caregivers who care for children aged 0 to 6 years and own a smartphone were recruited into 2 sequential stages of research. First, focus groups were conducted among the caregivers at community health care centers and preschools from December 2015 to March 2016. Focus groups (8-10 participants per group) explored awareness, experiences, and opinions of caregivers toward using an app to prevent unintentional injury among children. Second, based on the focus groups findings, a Web-based quantitative survey was designed and distributed to caregivers in November 2016; it collected information on specific needs for the app-based intervention. Thematic analysis and quantitative descriptive analyses were performed. RESULTS In total, 12 focus groups were completed, involving 108 caregivers. Most participants expressed a strong desire to learn knowledge and skills about unintentional child injury prevention and held positive attitudes toward app-based interventions. Participants expressed multiple preferences concerning the app-based intervention, including their contents, functions, interactive styles, installation and registration logistics, and privacy protection and information security. Following the focus groups, 1505 caregivers completed a WeChat-based quantitative survey, which generated roughly similar results to those of focus groups and added numerical metrics concerning participants’ preferences on what to learn, when to learn it, and how to learn it. A detailed framework was established involving 5 components: (1) content design, (2) functional design, (3) interactive style, (4) installation and registration logistics, and (5) privacy protection and information security, and 15 specific requirements. CONCLUSIONS We developed a framework that can be used as a guide to design app-based interventions for parents and caregivers, specifically for unintentional injury prevention of children aged 0 to 6 years.

Background: Physicians play a primary role in patients&rsquo, health. Heavy workloads can threaten the health of physicians and their patients. This study examined workload changes among physicians in Chinese health institutions from 1998&ndash, 2016. Methods: This study examined data from the online China Statistical Yearbook of 1999&ndash, 2017, which is released annually by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People&rsquo, s Republic of China. Three relevant and available indicators were retrieved: (1) number of physicians, (2) number of patient visits and (3) number of inpatient admissions. Patient visits per physician and inpatient admissions per physician from 1998&ndash, 2016 were calculated to approximate physician workloads in Chinese health institutions. Results: Between 1998 and 2016, patient visits per physician in China increased by 135% and inpatient admissions per physician rose by 184%. Both indicators demonstrate a stabilizing trend in the most recent five years, including a slight decrease (7%) in patient visits per physician since 2012. Conclusions: Physician workload increased dramatically for Chinese physicians from 1998&ndash, 2016, a trend that could potentially threaten physicians&rsquo, health and the quality of patient care. The findings highlight the importance of interventions and efforts to relieve physician workloads in China.

Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental characterized by attention deficit, hyperactivity, emotional impulses and difficulty with cognitive functions. The Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System (DN: CAS), as a theory-driven assessment kit, was explored based on Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive Theory (PASS). Recent researches have tried to explore the sensitivity and specificity of DN: CAS in diagnosing ADHD; nevertheless, these studies were performed in a small study population. The following study explores the cognitive functions in ADHD by the DN: CAS and to evaluate the DN: CAS’s diagnostic value in ADHD. Methods A total of 135 children with ADHD and 140 healthy controls were enrolled to evaluate cognitive function by the DN: CAS. ROC curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were applied to evaluate the diagnostic value of DN: CAS on ADHD. Results Compared with healthy controls, children with ADHD had significantly lower scores in Planning, Simultaneous (Verbal-Spatial Relations), Attention in the four Subtests of DN: CAS, as well as the total scores. ROC analysis indicated that Planning and Attention of DN: CAS had good classification accuracy in diagnosing ADHD with AUCs of 0.808 and 0.730, respectively. Conclusions The planning and attention assessment of DN: CAS revealed high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing ADHD, thus suggesting that DN: CAS might be an effective tool in diagnosing ADHD.

BackgroundWith the growing popularity of mobile health technology, app-based interventions delivered by smartphone have become an increasingly important strategy toward injury prevention. ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a framework supporting the design of an app-based intervention to prevent unintentional injury, targeted for caregivers of Chinese children aged 0 to 6 years. MethodsA theory-based mixed-method study, including focus groups and Web-based quantitative survey, was performed. Adult caregivers who care for children aged 0 to 6 years and own a smartphone were recruited into 2 sequential stages of research. First, focus groups were conducted among the caregivers at community health care centers and preschools from December 2015 to March 2016. Focus groups (8-10 participants per group) explored awareness, experiences, and opinions of caregivers toward using an app to prevent unintentional injury among children. Second, based on the focus groups findings, a Web-based quantitative survey was designed and distributed to caregivers in November 2016; it collected information on specific needs for the app-based intervention. Thematic analysis and quantitative descriptive analyses were performed. ResultsIn total, 12 focus groups were completed, involving 108 caregivers. Most participants expressed a strong desire to learn knowledge and skills about unintentional child injury prevention and held positive attitudes toward app-based interventions. Participants expressed multiple preferences concerning the app-based intervention, including their contents, functions, interactive styles, installation and registration logistics, and privacy protection and information security. Following the focus groups, 1505 caregivers completed a WeChat-based quantitative survey, which generated roughly similar results to those of focus groups and added numerical metrics concerning participants’ preferences on what to learn, when to learn it, and how to learn it. A detailed framework was established involving 5 components: (1) content design, (2) functional design, (3) interactive style, (4) installation and registration logistics, and (5) privacy protection and information security, and 15 specific requirements. ConclusionsWe developed a framework that can be used as a guide to design app-based interventions for parents and caregivers, specifically for unintentional injury prevention of children aged 0 to 6 years.

In this paper, a theoretically efficient method is developed for face recognition. It is based on two dimensional principal component (2DPCA) analysis and extended local binary pattern (Extended LBP, ELBP) texture. First, the ELBP operator is employed to extract the local texture of the face images. Second, 2DPCA is used to reduce the dimensionality of the extracted feature and get the optimal projection space. Finally, the nearest distance classification is used to distinguish each testing image. The method has been ac-cessed on ATR-Jaffe and AR face databases. Results demonstrate that the proposed method is obviously superior to PCA and 2DPCA, and its recognition rate is more stable than PCA. Meanwhile, the proposed method has strong robustness against illumination and facial expression changes. INTRODUCTION In the field of biometrics recognition, face recognition has good application prospects in the field of identification, security monitoring and human-computer interaction. Factors affecting the face recognition mainly lie in: the changeable facial expressions and pose [11]; the same face will change with age; two dimensional face images are susceptible to be affected by illumination when they are filmed; recognizing a specific face involves a lot of knowledge, such as image preprocessing , pattern recognition and computer vision. Feature extraction is key to face recognition. Global feature extraction methods include principal component analysis (PCA) [9], independent component analysis (ICA) [6] and linear discriminate analysis (LDA) [12] under the conditions that samples obey the multivariate normal distribution. The advantages of PCA method is to get global features which can represent the characteristics of the face image by K-L transform, the disadvantage is that two-dimensional image matrix need to be transformed into one-dimensional vector, resulting in a huge amount of computation. Meanwhile PCA has a bad robustness under the illumination, pose and facial expressions. Jian Yang developed a novel two-dimensional PCA (2DPCA) [10] method. Compared with global features, local feature has a strong robustness against the changes of illumination and pose. The common local feature extraction methods include local binary pattern (LBP) [2, 8], scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) and so on. LBP is an effective texture extraction method and has been extensively exploited in many applications, for instance, image analysis, texture classification [1, 5, 7], environment modeling and other fields [3]. Classifiers commonly used in face recognition are: minimum distance method, nearest neighbor classifier, support vector machine classifier and BP neural network method. Based on 2DPCA, this paper proposed a fusion feature extraction method of 2DPCA and extended LBP (ELBP) texture, in the stage of classification a reliable algorithm—the nearest classifier—is utilized to identify a specific face image, these measures effectively reduce the influence of illumination, facial expressions and pose changes and improve the recognition rate. FUSION FEATURE EXTRACTION OF 2DPCA AND EXTENDED LBP The proposed method This paper aimed to improve face recognition rate under lighting changes and facial expressions. 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Computer Engineering and Electronics (ICECEE 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 1398 Figure 1 illustrates the flow chart of the improved method. Figure 1. The structure diagram of face recognition of the proposed method First, preprocess images to enhance information. Second, use LBP to describe faces. Third, obtain the optimal projection space by 2DPCA. Fourthly, project test set and training set into the optimal projection space and obtain a feature matrix for each image. Finally, employ a classifier to classify, summarize the recognition rate and do some analysis comparing with other similar algorithms. LBP face appearance descriptor LBP-based feature extraction operator is computationally efficient statistical characteristics that can distinguish different objects in the same image in microcosm form [6], and is not sensitive to changes of gray-scale and different lighting conditions. LBP operator represents texture by comparing the gray value of the center pixel with the gray-scale of its neighboring pixels. It has been proved a powerful approach to describe local structure [5]. The LBP pattern of each pixel is defined as

In this paper, the hollow sphere Fe3O4 powders pepared by the solvothermal method were mixed with Co nanoparticles (prepared by arc-discharge, the size about 100nm), the quality ratio of Fe3O4 and Co is 4:1. The SEM study shows that the Fe3O4 powders have Hollow sphere structural with the size of about 200nm. As a result, when Co nanoparticles are introduced, Fe3O4/Co composite absorbent is obtained enhanced microwave absorption properties, which is attributed to the improved synergistic effect of dielectric and magnetic components between er and μr. The results show that Fe3O4/Co composite absorbent is great potential microwave absorbents for practical applications.

A miniature optical pattern recognition (OPR) system is proposed in this paper. We use a multiple channel optical correlator to perform real-time image processing, such as dynamic multiple objects recognition, nonlinear operation of fusion of correlation output, and compression and reconstruction of infrared fingerprint images. The preliminary experimental results show that a two-dimensional optical correlator based on binary optics makes the OPR system to tend to practice.

A micro optics of 24 X 24 binary phase-only Fresnel lens array with eight discrete phase levels has been made on a quartz substrate. The diffraction efficiency is about 80%. Being of the functions of beamsplitter and Fourier transformation, it can be used in multiple optical correlator to enlarge the memory capacity for target recognition and to make the system smaller, lighter, inexpensive and good accuracy.