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Pseudomaiestas gen. nov. with Pseudomaiestas dietrichi sp. nov. (type species, China: Yunnan Prov.), and Maiestas anhuiensis sp. nov. (China: Anhui Prov.) are described and illustrated. A checklist to the known genera and species of Deltocephalini from China is given together with a generic key. The tribe now holds 14 genera and 59 species in total from China. The genera Alobaldia Emeljanov, Amblysellus Sleesman, Ctenurella Vilbaste, Graminella DeLong, Matsumuratettix Metcalf, Peitouellus Vilbaste, Polyamia DeLong, Recilia Edwards, Wyushinamia Zhang & Duan, and Pseudomaiestas Xu, Shah & Duan gen. nov. contain 1 species. Similarly, Yuanamia Zhang & Duan includes 2 species, Paramesodes Ishihara contains 6 species, Deltocephalus Burmeister has 7 species, and Maiestas Distant is recorded with 34 species respectively. A separate key for the Chinese Maiestas species is also given.

A new leafhopper species Stirellus pakistanicus Shah & Duan sp. n. is described from Attock region of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia of the new species are provided. An updated checklist and a distribution map of the known species of Stirellus from Pakistan are also given.

The grassland leafhopper genus Aconurella is widespread in the Old World. Species of this genus are difficult to identify by traditional morphological characters but the morphology-based species classification in this genus has not previously been tested using molecular data. This study analysed DNA sequence data from two mitochondrial genes (COI, 16S) and one nuclear gene (ITS2) to infer the phylogenetic relationships and status of five previously recognized Aconurella species and compare the performance of different molecular species-delimitation methods using single and multiple loci. The analysis divided the included haplotypes into five well-supported subclades, most corresponding to existing morphology-based species concepts. However, different molecular species delimitation methods (jMOTU, ABGD, bPTP, GMYC and BPP) yielded somewhat different results, suggesting the presence of between 4 and 8 species, sometimes lumping the haplotypes of Aconurella diplachnis and Aconurella sibirica into a single species or recognizing multiple putative species within Aconurella prolixa. Considering the different results yielded by various methods employing single loci, the BPP method, which combines data from multiple loci, may be more reliable for delimiting species of Aconurella. Our results suggest that the morphological characters previously used to identify these species are reliable and adequately reflect boundaries between genetically distinct taxa.

Nephotettix leafhoppers are widely distributed and some members of this genus are important vectors of rice pathogens. Species delimitation in this group has proven difficult because traditional morphological characters tend to exhibit substantial variation within populations, and the morphology-based species classification of this genus has not previously been tested using molecular data. This study analysed DNA sequence data from three mitochondrial genes (COI, Cytb and 16S) and two nuclear genes (ITS2, H3) to infer the phylogenetic relationships and status of five previously recognized Nephotettix species and compare the performance of different molecular species-delimitation methods using single loci and multiple loci. The analysis supports the monophyly of Nephotettix and divided the included haplotypes into five well-supported subclades. Data from the three mitochondrial genes were usually consistent with morphology in supporting recognition of five species. However, data from the two nuclear genes usually lumped the haplotypes into a single species, probably due to the relatively small numbers of variable and parsimony-informative nucleotide positions present in these loci. The jMOTU and ABGD analyses of single mitochondrial loci gave the most consistent results with morphology. Considering the variable results yielded by various methods employing single loci, the BPP method, which combines data from multiple loci, may be more reliable in Nephotettix.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the widespread leafhopper species Aconurella prolixa (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Chiasmini) was obtained via next-generation sequencing. This mitochondrial genome is 14,832 bp in length with the 37 classical eukaryotic mitochondrial genes and a control region. All 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) are initiated with ATN, except ND5 uses TTG as the start codon, and terminate with TAA or TAG with the exception of COX2 and ND4 which use a single T residue as the stop codon. Twenty-one of the 22 transfer RNA (tRNAs) genes have the typical clover-leaf structure except for trnS1. Unlike some other species of deltocephalinae, no tRNA rearrangements were detected. The monophyly of Cicadellidae and Deltocephalinae, as well as the monophyly of Chiasmini, with a sister relationship between A. prolixa and (Exitianus indicus + Nephotettix cincticeps) is supported by Bayesian inference phylogenetic analyses based on 13 PCGs.

Background Cervical cancer is the second most common female malignancy worldwide, and the prognosis of patients with the locally advanced stage is poor, with a high risk of recurrent. This study aimed to explore the effect factors that influence the overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and quality of life in patients with stage III cervical cancer. Methods A two-way follow-up method was utilized to collect information from patients with stage III cervical cancer. Survival analyses were performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors related to quality of life. Results Four hundred and sixty subjects were enrolled in this study. The median follow-up time was 28 months (range, 1–51 months). The 3-year OS and PFS rates were 69.0% and 55.0%, respectively. Primiparous age above 30 years, age at diagnosis below 40 years, lymph node metastasis, non-squamous cell carcinoma, and larger tumors were risk factors of OS and PFS, while the protective factors were weight loss, good mental status, and standardized treatment. The quality of life was better in patients with the following characteristics: younger age at diagnosis, active review according to medical orders, and earlier return to society. Conclusions Primiparous age above 30 years was a poor prognostic factor for OS, PFS, and quality of life. The common factors relevant to prognosis were confirmed to be significant.

The grassland leafhopper genus Maiestas Distant is reviewed from Pakistan with the description and illustrations of one new species, Maiestas sinuata Shah & Duan sp. n., and two new records, i.e., Maiestas maculata n. rec. and Maiestas trispinosa n. rec. A checklist of the known species of Maiestas from Pakistan is also given together with a key for their separation (males).

The contribution of household cooking salt to population iodine status is decreasing in China, the applicability of the coverage rate of iodized salt (IS), proportion of adequately iodized salt (AIS), and salt iodine concentration (SIC) of household cooking salt used for iodine status assessment of residents requires further investigation.Through the IDD control project, 16,445 children and 4848 pregnant women were recruited from Tianjin, China and the relationship between the coverage rate of IS, proportion of AIS, SIC, and population iodine status was analyzed. Additionally, through the thyroid health survey project, 856 children with IS or noniodized salt were recruited. The effects of different household cooking salts on individual iodine status and thyroid health were analyzed.After adjusting for confounding factors, no relationship was found between the coverage rate of IS, proportion of AIS, SIC of household cooking salt, and iodine status of children and pregnant women (all P 0.05). No differences in levels of thyroid function and structural indicators were found in children with different household cooking salts (all P 0.05). Additionally, no relationship was found between noniodized salt exposure and goiter, overt hyperthyroidism, overt hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules, antibody single positivity, or subclinical hypothyroidism (all P 0.05).Iodine in household cooking salt no longer plays a crucial role in iodine status in Tianjin, China. Other indicators must be identified as beneficial supplements for precise iodine status evaluation not only in Tianjin but also in other large cities in China.

The leafhopper genus Stirellus is reviewed from Pakistan with the description and illustrations of a new species Stirellus pakhtunensis Shah & Duan sp. n. and four new records Stirellus capitatus n. rec., Stirellus indrus n. rec., Stirellus rotundus n. rec., Stirellus rubrolineatus n. rec. A checklist and key for the known species of Stirellus from Pakistan are also given.

Duan, Yani, Gao, Yao, Dietrich, Christopher H. (2020): Pascoia, a new Deltocephalini leafhopper genus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Peru. Zootaxa 4801 (1): 185-190, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4801.1.11

The leafhopper genus Stirellus Osborn & Ball is revised from Pakistan with the description and illustrations of a new species Stirellus mankiensis Shah & Duan sp. n. and a new record Stirellus tolla n. rec. to Pakistan. A checklist and key for the known species of Stirellus from Pakistan are also given in the present study.

A key to genera of South American Deltocephalini Dallas, 1870 based on adult males is presented. Two new genera, each based on a single new species from Argentina are described and illustrated: Corrientesia gen. n. based on type species C. ochrescens sp. n. and Salnogia gen. n. based on type species S. fletcheri sp. n. A new species of Graminella DeLong, 1936, G. schrocki sp. n. from Argentina is also described and illustrated. Graminella stelliger (Berg, 1884) equals Fusanus acristylus Cheng, 1980, syn. n. A new combination, Limpica pallida (Linnavuori & DeLong, 1979) comb. n., transferred from Reventazonia Linnavuori, 1959, is also proposed. Quaziptus Kramer, 1965, is returned from Paralimnini Distant, 1908 to Deltocephalini Dallas, 1870.

Background Cervical cancer is the second most common female malignancy worldwide. The main method to evaluate the effect of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in the locally advanced stage is imaging which cannot meet the clinical needs. This study aimed to explore potential cervical cancer biomarkers via plasma metabolomics and evaluate the effectiveness of CCRT and disease progression. Methods Twenty-four primary and thirty recurrent patients were enrolled between November 2016 and November 2017. Plasma samples were obtained by centrifugation of whole blood collected from enrolled patients at admission and from primary patients after CCRT. Plasma metabolic profiles were determined via ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Multivariate analyses and public databases were used to screen and identify differential metabolites. Pathway analysis was conducted using MetaboAnalyst. Results Metabolic profiles obtained were significantly different among primary, post-CCRT-treated, and recurrent patients. Multivariate analyses showed that 37 metabolites differed significantly among the three groups, of which the levels of 22 metabolites changed significantly after CCRT and recovered or even exceeded the levels in primary patients when the tumor reappeared. These 22 metabolites were mainly lipids involved in sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Among them, 8 metabolites with area under curve values above 0.75 between each pair of groups exhibited great potential for evaluating CCRT effectiveness and disease progression. Conclusions Our results show significantly different plasma metabolic profiles among the three cervical cancer groups; 8 metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers to evaluate the effectiveness of CCRT and disease progression, which can help evaluate the prognosis and treatment of cervical cancer in a timely manner.

The leafhopper genus Grammacephalus Haupt is revised with the description and illustrations of a new species Grammacephalus punjabensis Shah & Duan sp. n. from Pakistan. A checklist of the species of Grammacephalus and key to distinguish known species in the genus are also given in the present study.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Cervical cancer is the second most common female malignancy worldwide. The metabolic profile of plasma associated with the prognosis of cervical cancer remains poorly understood. In this cross-sectional study, plasma samples were collected from three groups of patients with CSCC, namely primary patients before treatment (BT group), patients with a poor prognosis (PP group, including patients with distant metastasis and local recurrence), and patients with a good prognosis within two years after the first treatment (GP group). The plasma metabolomics was conducted to detect the dynamic changes of metabolites via ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Multivariate analyses, including principle component, partial least square-discriminant, and orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analyses, were performed to compare each pair of the three groups. The differential metabolites were identified by comparison of the exact m/z values and mass spectrometry (MS)/MS spectra with the structural information of the metabolites obtained from the Human Metabolome Database (http://www.hmdb.ca/) and LIPID MAPS (http://www.lipidmaps.org/). To screen for potential markers, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the differential metabolites. Finally, thirty plasma samples were collected from each group. Multivariate analyses showed that 31 metabolites were significantly different among the 3 groups studied. Of those, the 5 metabolites phosphatidyl choline (15:0/16:0), phosphatidyl glycerol (12:0/13:0), actosylceramide (d18:1/16:0), D-Maltose, and phthalic acid, with an area under the curve above 0.75, were identified as potential biomarkers. The present findings provide evidence for biomarkers to monitor prognosis of patients with CSCC, which may help in better managing the disease.

Polyamia ( Polyamia ) choromorica sp. n., representing the first record of the genus Polyamia DeLong from South America, is described and illustrated. Previously described species of Polyamia DeLong appear to be restricted to North America. Color illustrations of Polyamia ( Copolyamia ) caperata (Ball), Polyamia ( Copolyamia ) similaris DeLong & Davidson and Polyamia ( Polyamia ) weedi Van Duzee are also provided for comparison. A species checklist and distribution summary for the genus is provided. Notes on other South American species of Deltocephalini with supernumerary forewing crossveins are also provided.

Morphological characters previously used to define the subgenus Amplicephalus ( Nanctasus ) Linnavuori and its status are discussed. Two new species are described and illustrated, and tentatively placed in subgenus A . ( Nanctasus ) Linnavuori: A . ( N .) anayensis sp. n. and A . ( N .) paralbivenosus sp. n. A checklist and a key to species of the subgenus are provided.

Few spatial ecological studies on hair selenium (Se) and Keshan disease (KD) have been reported. To investigate the relationships of hair Se with KD and economic indicators and to visualize the evidence for KD precise prevention. An ecological study design was employed. The levels of hair Se of 636 adult men (≥ 18 years old) living in rural, general cities and developed cities in 15 KD endemic provinces and 11 KD non-endemic provinces in mainland China were measured using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Spatial description and spatial analysis of hair Se were conducted. The subjects were adults aged. The hair Se level of the residents of KD endemic areas was 0.30 mg/kg, statistically significantly lower than that of non-endemic areas 0.34 mg/kg (Mann–Whitney U test, p = 0.007). The hair Se level of the 636 people was 0.33 mg/kg. The hair Se levels of the residents of the developed cities, general cities, and rural were 0.35 mg/kg, 0.33 mg/kg, and 0.32 mg/kg, respectively, with statistical significance (Kruskal–Wallis H test, P = 0.032). Spatial regression analysis showed that the spatial distribution of hair Se was positively correlated with per capita GDP. Selenium deficiency may still exist among residents living in the KD endemic areas. The results of spatial description and analysis of hair Se provided visualized evidence for targeting key provinces for precise prevention of Keshan disease, including assessment of KD elimination. The hair Se level of the mainland Chinese males was probably between 0.31 and 0.33 μg/g in 2015.

Duan, Yani, Dietrich, Christopher H. (2017): A new leafhopper species of Maiestas Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Deltocephalini) from Thailand. Zootaxa 4247 (1): 61-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4247.1.7

Mendozellus paralaredanus sp. n. from Uruguay and M. rakitovi sp. n. from Peru are described. M. asunctia Cheng is redescribed, the ovipositor is illustrated for the first time, and newly recorded from Argentina. M. serratus DeLong is transferred to Haldorus Oman based on the male genitalia structure, creating the new combination H. serratus (DeLong), comb. n. A checklist and key to species of Mendozellus are provided.

Two new genera and three new species of the leafhopper tribe Deltocephalini are described from Thailand, viz., Loeia Duan gen. n. with L. tamtipi Duan sp. n. as type species, Phetchabunia Duan gen. n. with P. janteabi Duan sp. n. as type species, and Maiestas subsirii Duan sp. n.. Five new country records for Thailand are also given, viz. Deltocephalus vulgaris Dash & Viraktamath, Maiestas dinghuensis Zhang & Duan, Maiestas scripta (Distant), Paramesodes sp., and Polyamia acicularis Dai, Xing & Li.

For the sake of children's health, iodized salt supply has been stopped in many areas with excessive iodine in the drinking water, but children's iodine nutrition status and thyroid function after terminating the iodized salt supply is unknown. Objective We assessed the iodine nutrition, thyroid function and influencing factors for thyroid abnormalities in children from areas with different concentrations of water iodine; the supply of iodized salt has been stopped in high water iodine areas. This study aimed to evaluate whether the strategy of stopping the supplies of iodized salt alone is enough to avoid thyroid dysfunction in all areas with excess water iodine while still meeting the iodine nutrition needs of children.A cross-sectional study was conducted in children from four areas with different drinking water iodine concentrations in Tianjin, China. The drinking water samplings and spot urine samples were collected to estimate the external and internal iodine exposure levels. The thyroid volume was measured, and blood samples were collected to assess thyroid function. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors for thyroid abnormalities. A dietary survey was conducted to determine the sources of iodine nutrition among the areas with different iodine concentrations in the drinking water.In the area with a drinking water iodine concentration ≥300 μg/L, the median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in children was 476.30 (332.20-639.30) μg/L, which was higher than that in other groups (all P 0.05), and the prevalence of thyroid nodules and the thyroid goiter rate were higher than those in the100 μg/L, 100-150 μg/L and 150-300 μg/L areas (all P 0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk of thyroid abnormalities was significantly increased in the UIC 200-299 μg/L group (OR: 4.534; 95% CI: 1.565, 13.135; bootstrapped 95% CI: 1.689, 21.206, P = 0.004) and in the UIC ≥ 300 μg/L group (OR: 6.962; 95% CI: 2.490, 19.460; bootstrapped 95% CI: 2.838, 32.570, P = 0.001) compared to the 100-199 μg/L group. The iodine contribution rates from water in areas with water iodine concentrations ≥300 μg/L are up to 63.04%.After termination of the iodized salt supply, the level of iodine nutrition of children in the area with drinking water iodine concentrations ≥300 μg/L is still excessive. The water source needs to be replaced in this area. In the area with a water iodine concentration of 150-300 μg/L, it is proposed that stopping the supply of iodized salt is sufficient to achieve the proper iodine nutrition status in children.

A new leafhopper species, Maiestas serrata sp.n., is described and illustrated from Thailand. This represents the first record of the genus from Thailand.

A new leafhopper species Maiestas irwini sp. n. is described and illustrated from Australia. A checklist of the genus from the Australian region is provided together with a key to species for males.

Miradeltaphus DashViraktamath and Yuanamia ZhangDuan are revised, one new species M. sanogae sp. n. is described and Parayuanamia XingLi is considered a junior synonym of Yuanamia ZhangDuan syn. n. Both genera are newly recorded from Thailand. A revised key to the Palearctic and Oriental genera of Deltocephalini is provided.

The leafhopper tribe Goniagnathini (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) is reviewed from China. Seven species are recognised and a key provided for the six species for which males are known. One new species, Goniagnathus cornutus sp. n., is described and Megalopsius tamaricius Cai, is transferred to Tamaricades, comb. nov.

The Old World leafhopper genus Changwhania Kwon is reviewed and three of its four species are illustrated and male genital characters are provided. One new species from China, Changwhania digitata Zhang and Duan, is described. A key to species is also provided.

The grassland leafhopper subgenus Leofa (Prasutagus) is reviewed. Five species are dealt with in this paper, including two new species from China: Leofa (Prasutagus) forcipatus Duan & Zhang sp. nov. and Leofa (Prasutagus) yangae Duan & Zhang sp. nov., and a key to species is provided.

The South American leafhopper genus Parandanus Linnavuori & DeLong (Deltocephalinae: Deltocephalini) is reviewed and four of its six species are illustrated and male genital characters are provided. Three new species from Peru, Parandanus longistylus Duan, sp. n., Parandanus nigricephalus Duan, sp. n. and Parandanus paracruciatus Duan, sp. n. are described. A key to species is also provided.

The Chinese mainland species of the leafhopper genus Nephotettix Matsumura (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Chiasmini) (Nephotettix cincticeps (Uhler), Nephotettix malayanus IshiharaKawase, Nephotettix nigropictus (Stål), Nephotettix parvus IshiharaKawase rec. n., and Nephotettix virescens (Distant)) are reviewed. This genus is redescribed. Variation is described and illustrated. Keys for their separation are provided together with a worldwide checklist.

The two Chinese species of the leafhopper genus Exitianus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Chiasmini) (E. indicus (Distant) and E. nanus (Distant)) are reviewed. Descriptions of the species and a key for their separation are provided. E. fulvinervis Li & He is considered a junior synonym of E.nanus syn. n.

The South American leafhopper genus Cortona is moved from Macrostelini to Deltocephalini and is reviewed. Its type species and four new species, C. catanachae sp. n., C. concordica sp. n., C. otamendiensis sp. n., and C. silvai sp. n., are illustrated and described from Argentina. A checklist and a key to species are provided.

Miradeltaphus Dash & Viraktamath and Yuanamia Zhang & Duan are revised, one new species M . sanogae sp. n. is described and Parayuanamia Xing & Li is considered a junior synonym of Yuanamia Zhang & Duan syn. n. Both genera are newly recorded from Thailand. A revised key to the Palearctic and Oriental genera of Deltocephalini is provided.