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This study proposes an innovative deep learning-aided approach based on generative adversarial networks named AttGAN, which is specialized for solving the spatio-temporal super-resolution problem of ocean datasets with complex waveforms and turbulent features. The proposed method can efficiently restore the desired fine high-frequency details while maintaining high efficiency. The key idea of the proposed approach is to incorporate an attention gate in the generator, which allows for emphasizing salient features for super-resolution tasks. In addition, residual convolutional blocks are used in the generator and discriminator to extract features. By establishing regression loss, physical constraints, and adversarial loss into a comprehensive loss function, a generator that exhibits high fidelity and strong generalization capabilities is trained. The proposed AttGAN is evaluated by experiments conducted on two datasets, and the experimental results validate its superiority over state-of-the-art physical constraint models in both qualitative and quantitative metrics. Moreover, the AttGAN has faster processing times than the corresponding ocean numerical models and better quality of results.Impact statement

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to investigate potential associations between osteopenia, osteosarcopenia, and postoperative outcomes in patients with hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer (HBPC).MethodsThree online databases, including Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library, were thoroughly searched for literature describing the relationship between osteopenia, osteosarcopenia, and outcomes of surgical treatment of HBPC patients from the start of each database to September 29, 2023. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to rate the quality of the studies.ResultsThis analysis included a total of 16 articles with a combined patient cohort of 2,599 individuals. The results demonstrated that HBPC patients with osteopenia had significantly inferior OS (HR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.70-3.03, p < 0.001) and RFS (HR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.42-2.71, p < 0.001) compared to those without osteopenia. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that these findings were consistent across univariate and multivariate analyses, as well as hepatocellular carcinoma, biliary tract cancer, and pancreatic cancer. The risk of postoperative major complications was significantly higher in patients with osteopenia compared to those without osteopenia (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.19-2.33, p < 0.001). Besides, we also found that the presence of osteosarcopenia in HBPC patients was significantly related to poorer OS (HR: 3.31, 95% CI: 2.00-5.48, p < 0.001) and PFS (HR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.62-3.84, p < 0.001) in comparison to those without osteosarcopenia.ConclusionPreoperative osteopenia and osteosarcopenia can predict poorer OS and RFS with HBPC after surgery.

Abstract Background Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) is a metabolic enzyme that participates in various biological and pathological processes. Dysregulated PGK1 has been observed in numerous malignancies. However, whether and how PGK1 affects non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not yet fully elucidated. Methods Herein, the non-metabolic function of PGK1 in NSCLC was explored by integrating bioinformatics analyses, cellular experiments, and nude mouse xenograft models. The upstream regulators and downstream targets of PGK1 were examined using multiple techniques such as RNA sequencing, a dual-luciferase reporter assay, Co-immunoprecipitation, and Western blotting. Results We confirmed that PGK1 was upregulated in NSCLC and this upregulation was associated with poor prognosis. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the promoting effects of PGK1 on NSCLC cell growth and metastasis. Additionally, we discovered that PGK1 interacted with and could be O-GlcNAcylated by OGT. The inhibition of PGK1 O-GlcNAcylation through OGT silencing or mutation at the T255 O-GlcNAcylation site could weaken PGK1-mediated NSCLC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. We also found that a low miR-24-3p level led to an increase in OGT expression. Additionally, PGK1 exerted its oncogenic properties by augmenting ERK phosphorylation and MCM4 expression. Conclusions PGK1 acted as a crucial mediator in controlling NSCLC progression. The miR-24-3p/OGT axis was responsible for PGK1 O-GlcNAcylation, and ERK/MCM4 were the downstream effectors of PGK1. It appears that PGK1 might be an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.

Abstract Background Intractable postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) during cesarean section has been a significant concern for obstetricians. We aimed to explore the effectiveness and safety of a new type of uterine compression suture, the step-wise surgical technique of knapsack-like sutures for treating intractable PPH caused by uterine atony and placenta factors in cesarean section. Methods The step-wise surgical technique of knapsack-like sutures was established on the basis of the artful combination of vertical strap-like sutures and an annular suture-ligation technique. This novel surgical technique was applied to 34 patients diagnosed with PPH during cesarean section due to severe uterine atony and placental factors in our department. The hemostatic effects, clinical outcomes and follow-up visit results were all reviewed and analyzed. Results This new uterine compression suture successfully stopped bleeding in 33 patients, and the effective rate was 97.06%. Only 1 patient failed and was changed to use bilateral uterine arterial embolization and internal iliac artery embolization. The follow-up visits indicated that 33 patients restored menstruation except for 1 who was diagnosed with amenorrhea. The gynecological ultrasound tests of all the patients suggested good uterine involutions, and they had no obvious complaints such as hypogastralgia. Conclusions This step-wise surgical technique of knapsack-like uterine compression sutures can compress the uterus completely. It is a technique that can conserve the uterus and fertility function without special equipment in caesarean section for PPH, with the characteristics of being safe, simple and stable (3 S) with rapid surgery, reliable hemostasis and resident doctor to operation (3R).

Objective To examine the prevalence and influencing factors of vaccine hesitation among adult citizens during a major public health emergency for promoting vaccination in China. MethodsUsing random sampling and a self-designed questionnaire on vaccine hesitation and its associates, we conducted an online survey among 4 325 citizens aged 18 – 59 years in five provincial level administrative divisions (Guangdong, Hubei, Hebei, and Heilongjiang province and Beijing municipality) across China during February – March, 2021, a period of with a major public health emergency. ResultsOf the 4 169 eligible respondents, 1 479 (35.5%) reported vaccine hesitation. The results of unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the respondents with following characteristics were more likely to have vaccine hesitation: being female, suffering from chronic diseases, with poor self-rated health, with high perceived risk of the epidemic, and being highly concerned about the epidemic-related information; while, the respondents ever having influenza vaccination, reporting a high community responsibility, with relatives/friends/colleagues being vaccinated with coronoavirus disease vaccine, and with the cognition on the efficacy and the safety of the coronavirus disease vaccine were less likely to have the vaccine hesitation. ConclusionVaccine hesitation was prevalent among adult citizens in China during a major public health emergency and the hesitation was associated with gender, self-assessed health, chronic disease condition, influenza vaccination, sense of social responsibility, perceived risk of the epidemic, concern about the epidemic, coronavirus disease vaccination of relatives/friends/colleagues, and the cognition of the efficacy and the safety of the coronavirus disease vaccine.

Human activities have caused different degrees of land-use change on different topographic gradients, with impacts on the landscape and ecosystem. Effectively preventing and addressing ecological risk (ER) and achieving harmonious coexistence between humans and nature are important aspects of sustainable development. In this study, we used Gansu Province as an example, adopted five periods of land-use data in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020, and used the geoinformatic Tupu method and the terrain distribution index to study land-use changes under different topographic gradients, and then constructed the landscape ecological risk assessment (LERA) model based on the landscape pattern index to analyze landscape ecological risk (LER) spatiotemporal changes under different topographic gradients, and finally explored the LER driving factors using the geodetector model. The results showed that (1) the dominant land-use types were unused land and grassland, accounting for approximately 74% of the land. The situation of transferring and changing each type was more drastic. The distribution and changes in cropland and built-up land were easily found in low topographic gradient areas with low elevations and small slopes; the distribution and changes in woodland, grassland and water areas were easily found in high topographic gradient areas with high elevations and large slopes. (2) The landscape ecological risk index (LERI) was 0.018, 0.019, 0.019, 0.019 and 0.020, respectively, with spatial expressions of high in the northwest and low in the southeast. Low LER was concentrated in high topographic gradient ecological reserves; high LER was concentrated in low topographic gradient human interference areas and high topographic gradient natural environmental complex areas. (3) Natural factors mainly acted on the LER on moderate and high topographic position gradients; socioeconomic factors mainly acted on the LER on low topographic position gradients. Human interference interacted with natural factors more than human interference alone on LER. This study can provide a scientific basis for ensuring ecological security and sustainable development in areas with complex topography and geomorphology.

Ecological management zoning plays a significant role in optimizing resource utilization, improving ecosystem service function, and promoting coordinated regional development. Taking Hexi Corridor as a representative region of the Mountain–Oasis–Desert composite system in arid regions of Asia, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution of ecosystem service values and explored the influencing mechanism based on the optimal parameters-based geographical detector model. We have comprehensively divided ecological management zones and proposed corresponding control strategies. The results show that (1) the Hexi Corridor is characterized by regional differentiation, which is composed of three systems: The southern mountain system, central oasis system, and northern desert system. The mountain system is mainly composed of forestland and grassland, the oasis system is mainly composed of cropland, and the desert system is mainly composed of unused land. The conversion of land use mainly involves the conversion of unused land to cropland and grassland, while grassland is mainly converted to cropland. (2) The ecosystem service value of the Hexi Corridor increased significantly and demonstrated agglomeration characteristics in space. The highest value areas are mainly distributed in the southern mountain, with higher value and medium areas mainly distributed in the central oasis, and the lowest value areas are mainly located in the northern desert. (3) Socio-economic factors greatly influence the spatial differentiation of ecosystem service values in the Hexi Corridor, with natural environmental factors having less impact. Additionally, the internal interaction of natural environmental factors is the most significant. (4) The Hexi Corridor is divided into three ecological management zones: Ecological function protection zone, ecological and agricultural coordinated development zone, and ecological and urbanization coordinated development zone. This research has important reference value for global ecological management in arid regions.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of pandemic fatigue and its associates during the period of normalized containment of coronavirus diease 2019 (COVID-19) among the public in China. MethodsThrough an online survey platform ‘Wenjuanxing’ and with self-designed questionnaires on demographics, COVID-19-related risk perception, protective behaviors, negative emotion, and pandemic fatigue, we conducted a self-administered survey during February – March 2021 among web users aged 18 years and above in five provincial level administrative divisions across China. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results Of 4 325 participants with eligible responses, 1 082 (25.0%) reported pandemic fatigue symptoms; 1 844 (42.6%) reported only having psychosomatic fatigue and 1 050 (24.3%) only having information fatigue. The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that the participants with following characteristics were more likely to have pandemic fatigue symptoms: with poor health status (odds ratio [OR] = 1.838, 95% confidence interval [ 95%CI]: 1.575 – 2.144), having a higher perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 (OR = 1.435, 95%CI: 1.236 – 1.667), having a lower perceived controllability of COVID-19 (OR = 1.760, 95%CI: 1.495 – 2.070), and with highly negative emotion (OR = 3.493, 95%CI: 2.987 – 4.086). Conclusion Pandemic fatigue symptoms were prevalent during the period of COVID-19 containment and the symptoms were associated with self-reported health status, perceived controllability and susceptibility of COVID-19, and negative emotion among adult web users in China.

LGBTQ+ youth experience mental health disparities and higher rates of mental disorders due to barriers to accessing care, including insufficient services and the anticipated stigma of revealing their identities. This systematic review incorporated 15 empirical studies on digital interventions’ impact on LGBTQ+ youth mental health, examining their potential to address these inequities. This study innovatively categorized existing digital interventions into four streams: Structured Formal (telehealth, online programs), Structured Informal (serious games), Unstructured Formal (mobile applications), and Unstructured Informal (social media). We found that S&F and U&F effectively reduced symptoms. U&F showed potential but required enhancement, while U&I fostered resilience but posed risks. Further integration of emerging technologies like virtual reality may strengthen these interventions. This review identifies the characteristics of effective digital health interventions and evaluates the overall potential of digital technologies in improving LGBTQ+ youth mental health, uniquely contributing insights on digital solutions advancing LGBTQ+ youth mental healthcare.

For information asymmetry in e-commerce platforms, question answering system (Q&A) and online comments are used to build trust relationship. Although online reviews play a significant role in reducing information asymmetry, information overload and distortion are also not negligible. In the study, text mining was used to extract various questions from Q&A system and online comments to obtain the content that consumers are most concerned about in online shopping, and the similarities and differences of the two mining results are compared. The results show that Q&A system has a great influence on users' decision making. The Q&A system is not only complementary to online comments, but also can provide validation for the information of online comments.

Abstract Background N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GALNTs), the enzymes that initiate mucin-type O-glycosylation, are closely associated with tumor occurrence and progression. However, a comprehensive analysis of GALNTs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is lacking. Methods The expression profiles and prognostic values of the GALNT family members in NSCLC were analyzed using publicly available databases. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were applied to assess the biological function of GALNT2 in NSCLC. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics approaches were employed to uncover the regulatory mechanism of GALNT2. Results Among the family members of GALNTs, only GALNT2 was frequently overexpressed in NSCLC tissues and was positively correlated with poor prognosis. In vitro assays showed that GALNT2 knockdown repressed NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Correspondently, GALNT2 overexpression exerted the opposite effects. In vivo experiments demonstrated that knockdown of GALNT2 restrained tumor formation in nude mice. Mechanistic investigations revealed that GALNT2 modified the O-glycosylation of ITGA5 and affected the activation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways. Further studies showed that miR-30d was a negative regulator of GALNT2. Conclusions These findings suggest that GALNT2 is an oncogene in NSCLC and has the potential as a target for NSCLC therapy.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an important vegetable with medicinal value. Rhizome development determines ginger yield and quality. However, little information is available about the molecular features underlying rhizome expansion and maturation. In this study, we investigated anatomy characteristics, lignin accumulation and transcriptome profiles during rhizome development. In young rhizomes, the vascular bundle (VB) was generated with only vessels in it, whereas in matured rhizomes, three to five layers of fibre bundle in the xylem were formed, resulting in VB enlargement. It indicates VB development favouring rhizome swelling. With rhizome matured, the lignin content was remarkably elevated, thus facilitating tissue lignification. To explore the regulators for rhizome development, nine libraries including ginger young rhizomes (GYR), growing rhizomes (GGR), and matured rhizomes (GMR) were established for RNA-Seq, a total of 1264 transcription factors (TFs) were identified. Among them, 35, 116, and 14 differentially expressed TFs were obtained between GYR and GGR, GYR and GMR, and GGR and GMR, respectively. These TFs were further divided into three categories. Among them, three ZobHLHs (homologs of Arabidopsis LHW and AtbHLH096) as well as one DIVARICATA homolog in ginger might play crucial roles in controlling VB development. Four ZoWRKYs and two ZoNACs might be potential regulators associated with rhizome maturation. Three ZoAP2/ERFs and one ZoARF might participate in rhizome development via hormone signalling. This result provides a molecular basis for rhizome expansion and maturation in ginger.

Abstract Background Subclinical obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS) are common in children, and increase risk for later onset of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). In pediatric patients with OCD, neuroimaging research implicates altered neural mechanisms for error‐processing, but whether abnormal brain response occurs with subclinical OCS remains poorly understood. Methods Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 113 youth (8–18 years; 45 female) from a community sample were scanned during an error‐eliciting Go/No‐Go task. OCS were assessed dimensionally using the obsessive–compulsive subscale of the Child Behavior Checklist. The association between OCS scores and error‐related brain activity was examined at the whole‐brain level. Results Lower OCS scores associated with stronger response to errors in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), caudate, putamen, thalamus, and occipital cortex. Additionally, lower OCS related to higher capacity for inhibitory control, as indexed by greater accuracy on No‐Go trials during fMRI scanning. The relationship between lower OCS and better accuracy on No‐Go trials was mediated by greater error‐related dACC activity. Conclusions The inverse relationship between OCS and error‐related activity in the dACC and extended cortical–striatal–thalamic circuitry may index an adaptive process by which subclinical OCS are minimized in youth. Further, these results identify an observable pattern of brain activity that tracks with subclinical OCS severity. Understanding the link between neural networks for error processing and the normal to abnormal range of OCS may pave the way for brain‐based strategies to identify children who are more likely to develop OCD and enable the targeting of preventive strategies to reduce risk.

Adenomyosis is a diffuse or localized organic disease caused by benign invasion of endometrial glands and stroma into the myometrium. It is a common disease that seriously affects reproductive health of women in childbearing age. Due to the unknown etiology and pathophysiological mechanism, and the lack of unified diagnostic criteria and effective treatment methods, total or subtotal hysterectomy has become a radical treatment for adenomyosis, which will lead to the complete loss of fertility. With the continuous exploration of the treatment to adenomyotic patients who have infertility or fertility intentions, new drugs, surgical methods and treating concepts appears. Adopt individualized conservative therapeutic strategies for patients with different conditions, preserve the uterus as much as possible and protect the patient’s fertility, which will play an important role on the follow-up assisted reproductive treatment and long-term management of adenomyosis.

BackgroundThe pandemic of COVID-19 has significant implications on health resources allocation and health care delivery. Patients with non-COVID illness may have to change their care seeking behaviors to mitigate the risk of infections. The research aimed to investigate potential delay of community residents in seeking health care at a time with an overall low prevalence of COVID-19 in China.MethodsAn online survey was conducted in March 2021 on a random sample drawn from the registered survey participants of the survey platform Wenjuanxing. The respondents who reported a need for health care over the past month (n = 1,317) were asked to report their health care experiences and concerns. Logistic regression models were established to identify predictors of the delay in seeking health care. The selection of independent variables was guided by the Andersen's service utilization model. All data analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0. A two-sided p value of

The generation of p-cymene from the catalytic dehydrogenation of dipentene is one of the most vital approaches for the synthesis of p-cymene in the chemical industry. Herein, CTF polymer was synthesized by an ionothermal method via using terephthalonitrile as monomer and NaCl-KCl-ZnCl2 ternary mixture as catalyst and solvent, and Pd/CTF catalyst was prepared by loading CTF matrix with Pd nanoparticles via a chemical reduction method. The as-obtained Pd/CTF catalyst with the loading amount of 5 wt% Pd showed remarkable catalytic activity in the dehydrogenation of dipentene to p-cymene with a high conversion rate of 100% and a high selectivity of 96% at the reaction temperature of 220 °C in a stainless-steel autoclave containing 0.1 MPa of Ar gas, and also exhibited good stability in the recycling tests. The strong interaction between Pd nanoparticles and CTF and the enhanced electron transfer at the metal-semiconductor interface contribute to the outstanding catalytic performance of Pd/CTF for the dehydrogenation of dipentene to p-cymene. This work demonstrates that the metal-semiconductor catalysts possessed excellent potential in the production of high-value-added chemical products from terpenes conversion.

Rice blast disease caused by fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Pyricularia oryzae) is one of the most damaging diseases of rice, reducing plant production worldwide. In the present study, Bacillus subtilis strain GB519 was identified from the rhizosphere based on predicted signatures of 16S ribosomal DNA and gyrA gene and morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. Treated with B. subtilis GB519, rice plants exhibited increased germination rate, vigor index, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, and root fresh weight coupled with more production of indole acetic acid, organic phosphorus, and inorganic phosphorus. In culture, GB519 inhibited growth of the following rice fungal pathogens (in order from most effective to least effective): M. oryzae, Ustilaginoidea virens, Fusarium graminearum, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani. Three years of studies showed that, when rice was sprayed with GB519, there were significant reductions in rice blast incidence in both the greenhouse and fields: 70.3 and 62.1% in 2017, 69.9 and 71.6% in 2018, and 75.1 and 75.6% in 2019, respectively. Such reductions were correlated with accumulated hydrolytic enzymes, including amylases, proteases, chitinase, and lipases, and the defense enzyme activity of the total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and superoxide dismutase in rice. Field experiments showed that the biocontrol efficacy of GB519 was similar to that of other biological and chemical fungicides. Our results indicate that B. subtilis strain GB519 promoted plant growth and reduced blast disease and suggest that this strain has potential to be used as a biological control agent against rice blast.[Figure: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

As a typical dioecious species, Zanthoxylum armatum establishes apomictic reproduction, hence only female trees are cultivated. However, male and hermaphrodite flowers have recently appeared in female plants, resulting in a dramatic yield reduction. To date, the genetic basis underlying sex determination and apomixis in Z. armatum has been largely unknown. Here, we observed abortion of the stamen or carpel prior to primordium initiation, thus corroborating the potential regulation of MADS-box in sex determination. In Z. armatum, a total of 105 MADS-box genes were identified, harboring 86 MIKC-type MADSs with lack of FLC orthologues. Transcriptome analysis revealed candidate MADSs involved in floral organ identity, including ten male-biased MADSs, represented by ZaMADS92/81/75(AP3/PI-like), and twenty-six female-specified, represented by ZaMADS80/49 (STK/AGL11-like) and ZaMADS42 (AG-like). Overexpressing ZaMADS92 resulted in earlier flowering, while ZaMADS80 overexpression triggered precocious fruit set and parthenocarpy as well as dramatic modifications in floral organs. To characterize their regulatory mechanisms, a comprehensive protein-protein interaction network of the represented MADSs was constructed based on yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. Compared with model plants, the protein interaction patterns in Z. armatum exhibited both conservation and divergence. ZaMADS70 (SEP3-like) interacted with ZaMADS42 and ZaMADS48 (AP3-like) but not ZaMADS40 (AP1-like), facilitating the loss of petals in Z. armatum. The ZaMADS92/ZaMADS40 heterodimer could be responsible for accelerating flowering in ZaMADS92-OX lines. Moreover, the interactions between ZaMADS80 and ZaMADS67(AGL32-like) might contribute to apomixis. This work provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms of MADS-boxes in sex organ identity in Z. armatum.

Previous neuroimaging investigations of overt speech production in adults who stutter (AWS) found increased motor and decreased auditory activity compared to controls. Activity in the auditory cortex is heightened, however, under fluency-inducing conditions in which AWS temporarily become fluent while synchronizing their speech with an external rhythm, such as a metronome or another speaker. These findings suggest that stuttering is associated with disrupted auditory motor integration. Technical challenges in acquiring neuroimaging data during continuous overt speech production have limited experimental paradigms to short or covert speech tasks. Such paradigms are not ideal, as stuttering primarily occurs during longer speaking tasks. To address this gap, we used a validated spatial ICA technique designed to address speech movement artifacts during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. We compared brain activity and functional connectivity of the left auditory cortex during continuous speech production in two conditions: solo (stutter-prone) and choral (fluency-inducing) reading tasks. Overall, brain activity differences in AWS relative to controls in the two conditions were similar, showing expected patterns of hyperactivity in premotor/motor regions but underactivity in auditory regions. Functional connectivity of the left auditory cortex (STG) showed that within the AWS group there was increased correlated activity with the right insula and inferior frontal area during choral speech. The AWS also exhibited heightened connectivity between left STG and key regions of the default mode network (DMN) during solo speech. These findings indicate possible interference by the DMN during natural, stuttering-prone speech in AWS, and that enhanced coordination between auditory and motor regions may support fluent speech.

Construction project cost overrun is a common problem in the construction industry. The cost of construction projects is thought to have increased by approximately 33% on average. Several types of research on construction project cost overrun have been conducted and these generally rely on historical data. However, whilst each project has its own project characteristics and cost trend, real-time project cost data are more reliable to forecast its own cost trend. This paper proposes a real-time hidden Markov chain (HMM) model to predict cost overrun risk based on project-owned cost performance data and the corrective actions if adopted. The cost overrun events occurrence in this model was assumed to follow a Poisson arrival pattern. Real-time HMM with a particle filter was used to run the simulation. One SRC building project in Taiwan was used for model validation and comparison. The posterior probabilities from the real-time HMM model were highly consistent with the cost overrun ratios of real construction projects. The proposed cost overrun prediction model could provide an early alert of cost overruns to the project manager. Based on the survey of cost overrun risk and significantly influential factors, we propose effective cost management plans to alleviate the frequency of project cost overrun.

In order to obtain evaluation information about the various aspects of products or services, the Fine-grained Topic Sentiment Unification (FG-TSU) model is proposed based on the improvement of LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) model. Firstly, the topics are divided into local and global topics. And the sliding window is introduced to lower co-occurrence information from document to sentence level, to implement fine-grained extraction of local topics. Secondly, the indicator variables are used to distinguish aspects and opinions. Finally, we incorporate the sentiment layer into LDA model to obtain the sentiment polarity of the whole review and specific aspects. The datasets of hotel and mobile phone are selected to verify the domain adaptability of this model. The experimental results verified the feasibility of FG-TSU model in the realization of opinion mining.

Immune homeostasis is achieved by balancing the activating and inhibitory signal transduction pathways mediated via cell surface receptors. Activation allows the host to mount an immune response to endogenous and exogenous antigens; suppressive modulation via inhibitory signaling protects the host from excessive inflammatory damage. The checkpoint regulation of myeloid cells during immune homeostasis raised their profile as important cellular targets for treating allergy, cancer and infectious disease. This review focuses on the structure and signaling of inhibitory receptors on myeloid cells, with particular attention placed on how the interplay between viruses and these receptors regulates antiviral immunity. The status of targeting inhibitory receptors on myeloid cells as a new therapeutic approach for antiviral treatment will be analyzed.

Abstract Introduction The error‐related negativity (ERN) is a neural response that reflects error monitoring. Contradictorily, an enlarged (more negative) ERN has been cited as both a risk factor and a protective factor, which hinders its utility as a predictive indicator. The aim of the current study was to examine the associations between ERN measured in early childhood with the development of cognitive control (CC), emotion regulation, and internalizing/externalizing symptoms over 1–2 years. Methods When children were ages 5–7, EEG was collected during a Go/No‐Go task. A subset of the original participants (n = 30) were selected based on their baseline ERN in an extreme‐case design: half with high‐amplitude ERN, matched by age and sex with another group with low‐amplitude ERN. Results At follow‐up, children in the High‐Amplitude group showed better executive function, less self‐reported anxiety and depression, less affect dysregulation, more parent‐rated CC, less lability/negativity, and fewer parent‐reported externalizing problems. Many results held even when accounting for baseline levels. Further, emotion dysregulation mediated the relationship between the ERN and both anxiety and externalizing problems, while CC mediated the ERN's relationship with externalizing problems only. Conclusions These results can inform identification and intervention efforts for children at risk for psychopathology.

Lithium-rich manganese-based layered cathode materials are considered to be one of the best options for next-generation lithium-ion batteries, owing to their ultra-high specific capacity (>250 mAh·g−1) and platform voltage. However, their poor cycling stability, caused by the release of lattice oxygen as well as the electrode/electrolyte side reactions accompanying complex phase transformation, makes it difficult to use this material in practical applications. In this work, we suggest a molybdenum surface modification strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2. The Mo-modified Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 material exhibits an enhanced discharge specific capacity of up to 290.5 mAh·g−1 (20 mA·g−1) and a capacity retention rate of 82% (300 cycles at 200 mA·g−1), compared with 261.2 mAh·g−1 and a 70% retention rate for the material without Mo modification. The significantly enhanced performance of the modified material can be ascribed to the formation of a Mo-compound-involved nanolayer on the surface of the materials, which effectively lessens the electrolyte corrosion of the cathode, as well as the activation of Mo6+ towards Ni2+/Ni4+ redox couples and the pre-activation of a Mo compound. This study offers a facile and effective strategy to address the poor cyclability of lithium-rich manganese-based layered cathode materials.

Background/Aims: Functional anorectal pain (FARP) is a functional gastrointestinal disease, which belongs to chronic pelvic floor pain. The mechanisms of its development are not fully understood. We designed this experiment to evaluate the characteristics of rectal sensory evoked potential (RSEP) and anorectal manometry (ARM) in this population, so as to explore the pathophysiology of FARP.Methods: The rectal sensory evoked potentials (RSEP) and anorectal manometry (ARM) were performed in 23 patients with FARP and 23 healthy controls. The correlation between the two measurements was investigated.Results: The results of RSEP showed that (1) the median latency to the first positive peak was 69.2 ± 15.9 ms in patients, compared with 46.5 ± 5.8 ms in controls (P = 0.000). (2) The amplitude of evoked potential peaks in the FARP patients was significantly lower than the healthy controls (P1/N1: P = 0.049; N1/P2: P = 0.010). (3) Compared with the controls, the patients showed a lower maximum voluntary squeeze pressure (P = 0.009), lower rectum (P = 0.007), and anal sphincter pressures (P = 0.000) during strain; and increased maximum tolerance threshold to rectal distention (P = 0.000). (4) The resting pressure of the anal sphincter was correlated with the peak amplitude of the RSEP (P1/N1: r = 0.537, P = 0.039; N1/P2: r = 0.520, P = 0.047). Considering the different pathophysiological mechanisms of levator ani syndrome and proctalgia fugax, we analyzed data on unspecified functional anorectal pain and obtained similar results.Conclusions: The RSEP can be used to evaluate the state of afferent pathways in FARP patients; The longer latency and lower peak amplitude of RSEP indicate the functional defects of the anorectal afferent pathway. It can provide an objective evidence for the neuropathy of FARP. In addition, the pathophysiology of FARP is also associated with pelvic floor muscle motor and coordination dysfunction. The correlation between the peak amplitude of the RSEP and the resting pressure of the anal sphincter suggests that there seems to be a correlation between anal pressure and the afferent signaling pathway in patients with FARP.

With the rapid development of mobile Internet, the social network has become an important platform for users to receive, release, and disseminate information. In order to get more valuable information and implement effective supervision on public opinions, it is necessary to study the public opinions, sentiment tendency, and the evolution of the hot events in social networks of a smart city. In view of social networks’ characteristics such as short text, rich topics, diverse sentiments, and timeliness, this paper conducts text modeling with words co-occurrence based on the topic model. Besides, the sentiment computing and the time factor are incorporated to construct the dynamic topic-sentiment mixture model (TSTS). Then, four hot events were randomly selected from the microblog as datasets to evaluate the TSTS model in terms of topic feature extraction, sentiment analysis, and time change. The results show that the TSTS model is better than the traditional models in topic extraction and sentiment analysis. Meanwhile, by fitting the time curve of hot events, the change rules of comments in the social network is obtained.

In this paper, a new approach combining BP neural network with fuzzy Petri net (FPN) is developed to deal with the issue of fault-line selection of the small current neutral grounding system. First, the preliminaries of the FPN are briefly introduced. Then, the model of the fault-line selection is detailedly described to explain the new feature representation that fuses multiple fault features of the lines, including the wavelet energy, the active component and the fifth harmonic component. Finally, the simulation model of the fault-line selection is constructed, and the simulation experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the new approach, which could be superior to the traditional fault-line selection approaches.

The error-related negativity (ERN) is a neurophysiologic response to errors that associates with anxiety. Despite the potential relevance of the ERN for understanding mechanisms of early anxiety problems in the developing brain, the relation between ERN and anxious symptoms in young children remains poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that ERN-anxiety associations could vary by developmental stage, but this work requires replication and consideration of gender effects, given earlier maturation of the ERN and higher rates of anxiety problems in girls relative to boys. To address this gap, the ERN was collected in 49 preschool- to school-aged children (ages 4–9; 26 girls) sampled across a wide range of anxiety severity. Regression analyses revealed that ERN - anxiety associations depended on age and gender. Specifically, larger (more negative) ERN associated with more anxiety in older girls, whereas smaller ERN associated with more anxiety symptoms in younger girls. No ERN-anxiety association was found in boys. These findings suggest that age and gender moderate the direction of the relation between ERN and anxiety in early childhood and could have important implications for the development of ERN-based risk identification and targeted treatment strategies tailored to individual children. Keywords: ERN, Error-related negativity, Anxiety, Moderator, Children, Development

Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the reading difficulty caused by developmental dyslexia (DD). The current study examined visuo-orthographic processing in children with dyslexia to determine whether orthographic deficits are explainable based solely on visual deficits. To identify orthographic-specific, visual perception-specific, and overlapping deficits, we included two tasks (lexical and perceptual) in three Chinese subject groups: children with DD, age-matched controls (AC), and reading matched controls (RC) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We found that the left precuneus showed decreased activation across both tasks for the DD group compared to the two control groups, thus reflecting visual processing deficits in children with DD, which also affects orthographic processing. Furthermore, we found that the functional connectivity between left middle occipital gyrus (LMOG) and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was decreased in the DD group compared to AC and RC for only the lexical task. This suggests a weaker association between orthography and phonology for children with DD. In addition, the children with DD showed decreased functional connectivity between the LMOG and right parahippocampal gyrus for only the visual perceptual task, thereby indicating a weaker association between visual regions for DD during visual symbol processing. Taken together, our findings suggest that the observed orthographic processing deficit in DD might be driven by both a basic visual deficit, and a linguistic deficit.

One of the advantages of multimedia-assisted instruction is that it makes students more interested in sustainable learning and assists them to access information and learn more effectively. This research sought to explore the asymmetric effects of the development of sustainable multimedia-assisted instruction (MAI) on student reading practice in areas such as the implementation of learner autonomy and the improvement of reading ability, primarily based on multimedia technology-assisted instruction. This experiment was conducted in a junior high school in China. Eighty-six students from two parallel grade two classes were selected as research participants. Class One was set as the experimental class (EC) and Class Two was symmetrically designed as the control class (CC). The research results indicate that MAI encouraged students in the EC to adopt reading strategies more frequently and helped them to improve their level of learner autonomy, from a low level to an intermediate level, for the use of an asymmetrical technology, in comparison with the control class. Furthermore, the EC’s reading ability was significantly enhanced. Additionally, there is a discussion of pedagogical implications and constructive suggestions considered to be beneficial for sustainable learning skills, teaching and for further research on the symmetrical application of technology in education. Finally, one of the most significant findings from this study is the effectiveness of combining modern sustainable technology and advanced educational concepts with symmetry in promoting learner autonomy within a sustainable learning model.

The pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves deficits in performance monitoring and adaptive adjustments. Yet, the developmental trajectory and underlying neural correlates of performance monitoring deficits in youth with ADHD remain poorly understood. To address the gap, this study recruited 77 children and adolescents with ADHD and 77 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC), ages 8−18 years, who performed an arrow flanker task during electroencephalogram recording. Compared to HC, participants with ADHD responded more slowly and showed larger reaction time variability (RTV) and reduced post-error slowing; they also exhibited reduced error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity effects, and reduced N2 and P3 congruency effects. Age effects were observed across groups: with increasing age, participants responded faster, with less variability, and with increased post-error slowing. They also exhibited increased ERN effects and increased N2 and P3 congruency effects. Increased RTV and reduced P3 amplitude in incongruent trials were associated with increased ADHD Problems Scale scores on the Child Behavior Checklist across groups. The altered behavioral and ERP responses in ADHD are consistent with the pattern associated with younger age across groups. Further research with a longitudinal design may determine specific aspects of developmental alteration and deficits in ADHD during performance monitoring.

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism for phenotypic diversification in all forms of life. We previously described remarkable cell-to-cell heterogeneity in epigenetic pattern within a clonal population of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a leading human pathogen. We here report that the epigenetic diversity is caused by extensive DNA inversions among hsdSA, hsdSB, and hsdSC, three methyltransferase hsdS genes in the Spn556II type-I restriction modification (R-M) locus. Because hsdSA encodes the sequence recognition subunit of this type-I R-M DNA methyltransferase, these site-specific recombinations generate pneumococcal cells with variable HsdSA alleles and thereby diverse genome methylation patterns. Most importantly, the DNA methylation pattern specified by the HsdSA1 allele leads to the formation of opaque colonies, whereas the pneumococci lacking HsdSA1 produce transparent colonies. Furthermore, this HsdSA1-dependent phase variation requires intact DNA methylase activity encoded by hsdM in the Spn556II (renamed colony opacity determinant or cod) locus. Thus, the DNA inversion-driven ON/OFF switch of the hsdSA1 allele in the cod locus and resulting epigenetic switch dictate the phase variation between the opaque and transparent phenotypes. Phase variation has been well documented for its importance in pneumococcal carriage and invasive infection, but its molecular basis remains unclear. Our work has discovered a novel epigenetic cause for this significant pathobiology phenomenon in S. pneumoniae. Lastly, our findings broadly represents a significant advancement in our understanding of bacterial R-M systems and their potential in shaping epigenetic and phenotypic diversity of the prokaryotic organisms because similar site-specific recombination systems widely exist in many archaeal and bacterial species.