23 results on '"Yansouni C"'
Search Results
2. Business travel-associated illness: a GeoSentinel analysis
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Chen, L. H., Leder, K., Barbre, K. A., Schlagenhauf, P., Libman, M., Keystone, J., Mendelson, M., Gautret, P., Schwartz, E., Shaw, M., Macdonald, S., Mccarthy, A., Connor, B. A., Esposito, D. H., Hamer, D., Wilson, M. E., von Sonnenburg, F., Rothe, C., Kain, K., Boggild, A., Cramer, J., Jordan, S., Vinnemeier, C., Yansouni, C., Chappuis, F., Caumes, E., Perignon, A., Torresi, J., Kanagawa, S., Kato, Y., Grobusch, M., Goorhuis, B., Javelle, E., Kozarsky, P., Wu, H., Yoshimura, Y., Tachikawa, N., Lim, P. -L., Piyaphanee, W., Silachamroon, U., Murphy, H., Pandey, P., Asgeirsson, H., Glans, H., Jensenius, M., Borwein, S., Hale, D., Leung, D., Benson, S., van Genderen, P., Hynes, N., Weber, R., Stauffer, W., Walker, P., Haulman, J., Roesel, D., Mockenhaupt, F., Harms-Zwingenberger, G., Rapp, C., Ficko, C., Vincent, P., Castelli, F., Matteelli, A., Anderson, S., Yates, J., Licitra, C., Klochko, A., Gkrania-Klotsas, E., Warne, B., Lopez-Velez, R., Norman, F., Vincelette, J., Barkati, S., Cahill, J., Mckinley, G., Phu, P. T. H., Perez, C. P., Lalloo, D., Beeching, N., Coyle, C., Hajek, J., Ghesquiere, W., Siu, H., Valdez, L. M., Kelly, P., Hagmann, S., Barnett, E., Hochberg, N., Malvy, D., Duvignaud, A., Kuhn, S., Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), APH - Aging & Later Life, Infectious diseases, APH - Global Health, AII - Infectious diseases, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), University of Zurich, and Chen, Lin H
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Male ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Travel medicine ,Business ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Travel ,Commerce ,General Medicine ,Death ,Diarrhea ,Malaria ,Occupational medicine ,Vaccine-preventable disease ,Adult ,Africa South of the Sahara ,Aged ,Asia ,Europe ,Female ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,North America ,Occupational Medicine ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases ,Young Adult ,Sentinel Surveillance ,3. Good health ,Chemoprophylaxis ,medicine.symptom ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030231 tropical medicine ,610 Medicine & health ,Typhoid fever ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,business.industry ,10060 Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI) ,2739 Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,2725 Infectious Diseases ,medicine.disease ,Family medicine ,Tropical medicine ,Rabies ,business ,human activities - Abstract
Background Analysis of a large cohort of business travelers will help clinicians focus on frequent and serious illnesses. We aimed to describe travel-related health problems in business travelers. Methods GeoSentinel Surveillance Network consists of 64 travel and tropical medicine clinics in 29 countries; descriptive analysis was performed on ill business travelers, defined as persons traveling for work, evaluated after international travel 1 January 1997 through 31 December 2014. Results Among 12 203 business travelers seen 1997–2014 (14 045 eligible diagnoses), the majority (97%) were adults aged 20–64 years; most (74%) reported from Western Europe or North America; two-thirds were male. Most (86%) were outpatients. Fewer than half (45%) reported a pre-travel healthcare encounter. Frequent regions of exposure were sub-Saharan Africa (37%), Southeast Asia (15%) and South Central Asia (14%). The most frequent diagnoses were malaria (9%), acute unspecified diarrhea (8%), viral syndrome (6%), acute bacterial diarrhea (5%) and chronic diarrhea (4%). Species was reported for 973 (90%) of 1079 patients with malaria, predominantly Plasmodium falciparum acquired in sub-Saharan Africa. Of 584 (54%) with malaria chemoprophylaxis information, 92% took none or incomplete courses. Thirteen deaths were reported, over half of which were due to malaria; others succumbed to pneumonia, typhoid fever, rabies, melioidosis and pyogenic abscess. Conclusions Diarrheal illness was a major cause of morbidity. Malaria contributed substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly among business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. Underuse or non-use of chemoprophylaxis contributed to malaria cases. Deaths in business travelers could be reduced by improving adherence to malaria chemoprophylaxis and targeted vaccination for vaccine-preventable diseases. Pre-travel advice is indicated for business travelers and is currently under-utilized and needs improvement.
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- 2018
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3. Malaria in Canadian VFRs and migrants: surveillance report from CanTravBet, April 2013 — March 2018
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McCarthy, A., primary, Libman, M., additional, Yansouni, C., additional, Kuhn, S., additional, Geduld, J., additional, Hajek, J., additional, Ghesquiere, W., additional, Mirzanejad, Y., additional, Plewes, K., additional, Vincelette, J., additional, Barkati, S., additional, Ploude, P., additional, Greenaway, C., additional, Schwartz, K., additional, Thompson, C., additional, Kain, K., additional, and Boggild, A.K., additional
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- 2019
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4. Cloacibacillus sp., a Potential Human Pathogen Associated with Bacteremia in Quebec and New Brunswick
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Domingo, M.-C., primary, Yansouni, C., additional, Gaudreau, C., additional, Lamothe, F., additional, Lévesque, S., additional, Tremblay, C., additional, and Garceau, R., additional
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- 2015
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5. Challenges in the diagnosis of meningitis in low-resource settings [letter]
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Yansouni, C. P., Lynen, L., and Colebunders, R.
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Malawi ,Predictors ,Bacterial diseases ,Haemophilus influenzae ,Africa, Southern ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Sensitivity ,Diagnosis ,Validation ,Specificity ,Meningitis ,Lymphocytes ,Neisseria ,Diagnostics ,Accuracy - Published
- 2010
6. Rapid Diagnostic Tests for a Coordinated Approach to Fever Syndromes in Low-Resource Settings
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Yansouni, C. P., primary, Bottieau, E., additional, Chappuis, F., additional, Phoba, M.-F., additional, Lunguya, O., additional, Ifeka, B. B., additional, and Jacobs, J., additional
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- 2012
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7. Cloacibacillussp., a Potential Human Pathogen Associated with Bacteremia in Quebec and New Brunswick
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Domingo, M.-C., Yansouni, C., Gaudreau, C., Lamothe, F., Lévesque, S., Tremblay, C., and Garceau, R.
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ABSTRACTBacteremia due to Cloacibacillusspecies is poorly described. We present three cases involving either Cloacibacillusevryensisor Cloacibacillusporcorum. The isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and were susceptible to antibiotics commonly used for anaerobic infections. The clinical significance of these organisms as potential emerging pathogens is discussed.
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- 2015
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8. Structure-based minimization of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) through NMR analysis of the receptor-bound ligand. Design, solution structure, and activity of TGF-alpha 8-50.
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McInnes, C, Wang, J, Al Moustafa, A E, Yansouni, C, O'Connor-McCourt, M, and Sykes, B D
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The investigation of a N-terminally truncated human transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha; residues 8-50) has been completed to determine the contribution of the N terminus to receptor binding and activation. The deletion protein was proposed and designed through study of NMR relaxation and nuclear Overhauser enhancement data obtained from the TGF-alpha-epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor complex, which indicated that the residues N-terminal to the A loop remain flexible in receptor-bound TGF-alpha and thus suggested their lack of involvement in receptor binding (Hoyt, D. W., Harkins, R. N., Debanne, M. T., O'Connor-McCourt, M., and Sykes, B. D. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 15283-15292; McInnes, C., Hoyt, D. W., Harkins, R. N., Pagila, R. N., Debanne, M. T., O'Connor-McCourt, M., and Sykes, B. D. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 32204-32211). TGF-alpha 8-50 was shown to have approximately 10-fold lower affinity for the receptor than the native molecule in an assay quantifying the ability to compete with EGF for binding and to have a similar reduction in activity as indicated by a cell proliferation assay. NMR solution structural calculations on this molecule demonstrate correct formation of the three disulfide bonds of TGF-alpha 8-50 and have established the presence of native secondary structure in the B and C loops of the protein. However, some perturbation of the global fold with respect to the orientation of the subdomains was observed. These results suggest that although the N-terminal residues do not contribute directly to binding, they make a significant contribution in defining the conformation of the growth factor, which is required for complete binding and activity and is therefore significant in terms of producing native folding of TGF-alpha. They also show that information obtained from the receptor-bound ligand can be used to guide the design and minimization of TGF-alpha analogues. The implications of the study of TGF-alpha 8-50 for the design and synthesis of reductants of this growth factor are therefore discussed.
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- 1998
9. Up-regulation of E-cadherin by an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody in lung cancer cell lines
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Al, Moustafa A. E., Yansouni, C., Alaoui-Jamali, M. A., and O'Connor-McCourt, M.
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pharmaceutical - Abstract
UI - 99198821
10. Persistent digestive disorders in the tropics: causative infectious pathogens and reference diagnostic tests
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Becker Sören L, Vogt Jürg, Knopp Stefanie, Panning Marcus, Warhurst David C, Polman Katja, Marti Hanspeter, von Müller Lutz, Yansouni Cedric P, Jacobs Jan, Bottieau Emmanuel, Sacko Moussa, Rijal Suman, Meyanti Fransiska, Miles Michael A, Boelaert Marleen, Lutumba Pascal, van Lieshout Lisette, N’Goran Eliézer K, Chappuis François, and Utzinger Jürg
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Bacteria ,Clinical microbiology ,Diagnosis ,Digestive disorders ,Gastroenterology ,Helminths ,Intestinal protozoa ,Persistent diarrhoea ,Virus ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Persistent digestive disorders account for considerable disease burden in the tropics. Despite advances in understanding acute gastrointestinal infections, important issues concerning epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and control of most persistent digestive symptomatologies remain to be elucidated. Helminths and intestinal protozoa are considered to play major roles, but the full extent of the aetiologic spectrum is still unclear. We provide an overview of pathogens causing digestive disorders in the tropics and evaluate available reference tests. Methods We searched the literature to identify pathogens that might give rise to persistent diarrhoea, chronic abdominal pain and/or blood in the stool. We reviewed existing laboratory diagnostic methods for each pathogen and stratified them by (i) microscopy; (ii) culture techniques; (iii) immunological tests; and (iv) molecular methods. Pathogen-specific reference tests providing highest diagnostic accuracy are described in greater detail. Results Over 30 pathogens may cause persistent digestive disorders. Bacteria, viruses and parasites are important aetiologic agents of acute and long-lasting symptomatologies. An integrated approach, consisting of stool culture, microscopy and/or specific immunological techniques for toxin, antigen and antibody detection, is required for accurate diagnosis of bacteria and parasites. Molecular techniques are essential for sensitive diagnosis of many viruses, bacteria and intestinal protozoa, and are increasingly utilised as adjuncts for helminth identification. Conclusions Diagnosis of the broad spectrum of intestinal pathogens is often cumbersome. There is a need for rapid diagnostic tests that are simple and affordable for resource-constrained settings, so that the management of patients suffering from persistent digestive disorders can be improved.
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- 2013
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11. Schistosomiasis in Belgian military personnel returning from the Democratic Republic of Congo.
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Aerssens C, De Vos D, Pirnay JP, Yansouni C, Clerinx J, Van Gompel A, Soentjens P, Aerssens, Cptannelies, De Vos, Daniel, Pirnay, Jean-Paul, Yansouni, Cedric, Clerinx, Joannes, Van Gompel, Alfons, and Soentjens, Patrick
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The detection of schistosomiasis cases among Belgian military personnel returning from a mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) prompted a nested case-control study of all military personnel deployed in the DRC between 2005 and 2008 to identify all infections and to start appropriate treatment. Of 197 patients exposed at Lake Tanganyika in the Kalemie area of DRC, 49 (24.9%) were diagnosed with schistosomiasis. Swimming was significantly more frequent than wading in the seropositive group than in the seronegative group (88.9% vs. 73.6%; odds ratio [OR], 2.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-9.01). Thirty-one of 49 patients (63.3%) were symptomatic; including skin problems in 34.7%, respiratory symptoms in 12.2%, fever in 14.3%, and 51.0% with gastrointestinal problems. Median eosinophil counts were significantly higher in seropositive patients (375 vs. 138 per tL; Wilcoxon rank sum test [Ws] = 10,559.00; p < 0.01; r = -0.49). In total, 20 (40.8%) of the 49 patients were treated for symptomatic infections and the remainder for asymptomatic schistosomiasis. Our study emphasizes the need for active systematic post-tropical screening in military personnel after deployment to Schistosoma-endemic regions of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
12. Characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2 testing, infection and vaccine uptake among essential non-healthcare workers in Montréal, 2021.
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Caya C, Menzies D, Papenburg J, Yansouni C, and Campbell J
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Background: Essential non-healthcare workers experienced higher rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to non-essential workers., Objective: Identify characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2 testing, infection and vaccine uptake among essential non-healthcare workers in Montréal, Québec., Methods: Secondary, cross-sectional analysis of data collected from participants prospectively recruited in two observational studies (first study, Onsite Testing Study, January-March 2021; second study, Self-Testing Study, July-October 2021) of essential non-healthcare workers in 2021. Logistic regression with generalized linear mixed models was used to explore characteristics associated with our outcomes (previous SARS-CoV-2 testing, exposure and vaccination)., Results: Overall, 2,755 participants were included (first study, Onsite Testing Study, n=2,128; and second study, Self-Testing Study, n=627). A higher proportion of participants identified as male (n=1,601; 58%), non-White (n=1,527; 55%) and worked in the manufacturing/supplier sector (n=1,706; 62%). Relative to the first study, Onsite Testing Study, participants in the second study, Self-Testing Study, had higher odds (78% vs. 46%; aOR 4.1, 95% CI: 3.2-5.2) of previous SARS-CoV-2 testing and of testing positive prior to study enrolment (6.2% vs. 4.3%; aOR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.6). Individuals reporting recent SARS-CoV-2 exposure had higher odds of previous SARS-CoV-2 testing (aOR 4.0, 95% CI: 3.0-5.4), while older age (aOR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.98-0.99 per one-year increase) and being male (aOR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5-0.7) were associated with lower odds of previous testing. Results were similar in stratified analyses. Participants from businesses with more than 50 employees had higher odds of having received a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (91% vs. 80%; aOR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.4-4.8)., Conclusion: Consideration of individual and business characteristics associated with testing and vaccination programs for SARS-CoV-2 could improve equity, uptake and impact., Competing Interests: Competing interests JP has received grants from AbbVie and MedImmune; personal fees from AstraZeneca and grants and personal fees from Merck; and has served as an advisor to the Canadian Federal COVID-19 Immunity Task Force, unrelated to and outside of the submitted work. CPY has provided consulting services to and sat on independent data monitoring committees for Medicago; and has served as scientific advisor for the Canadian Federal COVID-19 Immunity Task Force, unrelated to and outside the submitted work. JRC has provided SARS-CoV-2 consulting services to the Canadian Federal COVID-19 Immunity Task Force and the World Bank, unrelated to and outside the submitted work. The other authors (CC and DM) report no competing interests.
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- 2024
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13. Remdesivir for the treatment of patients in hospital with COVID-19 in Canada: a randomized controlled trial.
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Ali K, Azher T, Baqi M, Binnie A, Borgia S, Carrier FM, Cavayas YA, Chagnon N, Cheng MP, Conly J, Costiniuk C, Daley P, Daneman N, Douglas J, Downey C, Duan E, Duceppe E, Durand M, English S, Farjou G, Fera E, Fontela P, Fowler R, Fralick M, Geagea A, Grant J, Harrison LB, Havey T, Hoang H, Kelly LE, Keynan Y, Khwaja K, Klein G, Klein M, Kolan C, Kronfli N, Lamontagne F, Lau R, Fralick M, Lee TC, Lee N, Lim R, Longo S, Lostun A, MacIntyre E, Malhamé I, Mangof K, McGuinty M, Mergler S, Munan MP, Murthy S, O'Neil C, Ovakim D, Papenburg J, Parhar K, Parvathy SN, Patel C, Perez-Patrigeon S, Pinto R, Rajakumaran S, Rishu A, Roba-Oshin M, Rushton M, Saleem M, Salvadori M, Scherr K, Schwartz K, Semret M, Silverman M, Singh A, Sligl W, Smith S, Somayaji R, Tan DHS, Tobin S, Todd M, Tran TV, Tremblay A, Tsang J, Turgeon A, Vakil E, Weatherald J, Yansouni C, and Zarychanski R
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- Adenosine Monophosphate administration & dosage, Adenosine Monophosphate adverse effects, Aged, Alanine administration & dosage, Alanine adverse effects, Antiviral Agents adverse effects, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 mortality, Canada epidemiology, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Respiration, Artificial statistics & numerical data, SARS-CoV-2, Adenosine Monophosphate analogs & derivatives, Alanine analogs & derivatives, Antiviral Agents administration & dosage, Hospital Mortality, Length of Stay statistics & numerical data, COVID-19 Drug Treatment
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Background: The role of remdesivir in the treatment of patients in hospital with COVID-19 remains ill defined in a global context. The World Health Organization Solidarity randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated remdesivir in patients across many countries, with Canada enrolling patients using an expanded data collection format in the Canadian Treatments for COVID-19 (CATCO) trial. We report on the Canadian findings, with additional demographics, characteristics and clinical outcomes, to explore the potential for differential effects across different health care systems., Methods: We performed an open-label, pragmatic RCT in Canadian hospitals, in conjunction with the Solidarity trial. We randomized patients to 10 days of remdesivir (200 mg intravenously [IV] on day 0, followed by 100 mg IV daily), plus standard care, or standard care alone. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included changes in clinical severity, oxygen- and ventilator-free days (at 28 d), incidence of new oxygen or mechanical ventilation use, duration of hospital stay, and adverse event rates. We performed a priori subgroup analyses according to duration of symptoms before enrolment, age, sex and severity of symptoms on presentation., Results: Across 52 Canadian hospitals, we randomized 1282 patients between Aug. 14, 2020, and Apr. 1, 2021, to remdesivir ( n = 634) or standard of care ( n = 648). Of these, 15 withdrew consent or were still in hospital, for a total sample of 1267 patients. Among patients assigned to receive remdesivir, in-hospital mortality was 18.7%, compared with 22.6% in the standard-of-care arm (relative risk [RR] 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67 to 1.03), and 60-day mortality was 24.8% and 28.2%, respectively (95% CI 0.72 to 1.07). For patients not mechanically ventilated at baseline, the need for mechanical ventilation was 8.0% in those assigned remdesivir, and 15.0% in those receiving standard of care (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.75). Mean oxygen-free and ventilator-free days at day 28 were 15.9 (± standard deviation [SD] 10.5) and 21.4 (± SD 11.3) in those receiving remdesivir and 14.2 (± SD 11) and 19.5 (± SD 12.3) in those receiving standard of care ( p = 0.006 and 0.007, respectively). There was no difference in safety events of new dialysis, change in creatinine, or new hepatic dysfunction between the 2 groups., Interpretation: Remdesivir, when compared with standard of care, has a modest but significant effect on outcomes important to patients and health systems, such as the need for mechanical ventilation. Trial registration : ClinicalTrials.gov, no. NCT04330690., Competing Interests: Competing interests: Alexandra Binnie reports receiving research grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and the Physicians Services Incorporated Foundation. Sergio Borgia reports receiving honoraria from Gilead Sciences and GSK. Yiorgos Alexandros Cavayas reports receiving a grant from CIHR. Matthew Cheng reports receiving grants from the McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity and from CIHR, during the conduct of the study (payments made to the institution). Dr. Cheng also reports receiving personal fees from AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work; and from Nplex Biosciences and GEn1E lifesciences (in the form of stock options for being a member of the scientific advisory board) outside the submitted work. Dr. Cheng co-founded Kanvas Biosicences and owns equity in the company, and reports 3 patents pending. John Conly reports receiving grants from CIHR, Pfizer, the World Health Organization (WHO), Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Calgary, and the Calgary Health Foundation. Dr. Conly also reports receiving support to attend the Think Tank Meeting 2019. Dr. Conly is a member and Chair of the WHO Infection Prevention and Control Research and Development Expert Group for COVID-19, a member of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme (WHE) Ad-hoc COVID-19 IPC Guidance Development Group, and a member of the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group. Madeleine Durand reports receiving grants from CIHR and the Fonds Recherche du Québec–Santé (FRQS). Rob Fowler reports receiving a grant from CIHR for the CATCO trial and is the H. Barrie Fairley Professor of Critical Care at the University Health Network. Michael Fralick reports receiving multiple grants from CIHR and support from grants from the Canadian military for clinical trials to identify treatments for COVID-19 (payments made to institution). Dr. Fralick is a paid consultant for a start-up company called Proof DiagnosticsDx, which has created a point-of-care testing device using CRISPR for COVID-19. Holly Hoang reports receiving payment from CATCO Sunnybrook to fund research assistant (payment made to institution) and a research grant from Covenant Health Research Centre. Marina Klein reports receiving grants from Gilead, ViiV Healthcare, Merck and AbbVie for investigator-initiated studies, and consulting fees from Gilead, ViiV Healthcare, Merck and AbbVie, all outside the submitted work. Todd Lee reports receiving operating grants from CIHR and McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity (MI4), and research salary support from FRQS. Alexandra Lostun reports receiving per-case funding to cover the costs of enrolling patients (paid to institution, North York General Hospital). François Carrier reports receiving grants from the Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada and the Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, and a grant and salary support from FRQS. Marlee McGuinty reports receiving speaking fees from Merck. Srinivas Murthy reports receiving a grant from CIHR, during the conduct of the study, and is the Health Research Foundation and Innovative Medicines Canada Chair in Pandemic Preparedness Research. Conar O’Neil reports receiving conference sponsorship from Gilead Sciences, and is a member of a Gilead Sciences advisory board. Jesse Papenburg reports receiving a grant from CIHR, during the conduct of the study, as well as research grants and contracts from AbbVie and research contracts (site investigator for clinical trial) from MedImmune, Merck and Sanofi Pasteur. Dr. Papenburg has received consulting fees from Merck for an ad hoc advisory board meeting, and honoraria for presentations from Seegene, AbbVie and AstraZeneca. Dr. Papenburg is also a voting member of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization. Ken Kuljit S. Parhar reports receiving a CIHR project grant, Alberta Innovates grant and Alberta Health Innovation Implementation and Spread grant (all paid to institution). Seema Nair Parvathy reports receiving funding from St. Joseph’s Health Care Foundation and London Health Sciences Foundation. Moira Rushton-Marovac reports receiving advisory board honoraria from Gilead. Marina Salvadori reports being an employee of the Public Health Agency of Canada. Makeda Semret reports receiving support from the McGill MI4 for the clinical research platform through which CATCO was supported at the McGill University Health Centre. Ameeta Singh reports receiving consulting fees from Gilead for membership of an advisory board. Ranjani Somayaji reports receiving contract research funding from Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Calgary and Calgary Health Foundation, and clinical research funding from CIHR and the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. Dr. Somayaji also reports participation on an oncovir data monitoring safety board. Darrell Tan reports receiving grants from AbbVie (in-kind drug only) and Gilead (in-kind drug and grants to institution), and a contract between GSK and the institution for clinical trials. Alain Tremblay reports receiving contract research funding from the Sunnybrook Research Institute, and grants for COVID-19 clinical trials from the University of Calgary and Calgary Health Foundation. Alexis Turgeon reports receiving a grant from CIHR. Jason Weatherald reports receiving grants (paid to institution) and consulting fees (paid to Dr. Weatherald) from Janssen and Actelion, as well as honoraria and travel support from Janssen. Dr. Weatherald has served on advisory boards for Janssen and Acceleron (paid) and on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Université Laval (unpaid). Dr. Weatherald also reports membership of the Medical Advisory Committee of the Pulmonary Hypertension Association of Canada, and is a shareholder of Precision Lung Consultants and Diagnostics. Cedric Yansouni reports receiving grants from FRQS and consulting fees from Medicago Inc. Dr. Yansouni also reports participation in a Medicago Inc. Independent Data Monitoring Committee and held the role of scientific advisor for the COVID-19 Immunity Task Force. No other competing interests were declared., (© 2022 CMA Impact Inc. or its licensors.)
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- 2022
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14. Blood Culture Results Before and After Antimicrobial Administration.
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Cheng MP, Stenstrom R, Paquette K, Yansouni C, and Sweet D
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- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Blood Culture, Humans, Anti-Infective Agents, Sepsis
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- 2020
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15. Diagnostic Bacteriology in District Hospitals in Sub-Saharan Africa: At the Forefront of the Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance.
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Jacobs J, Hardy L, Semret M, Lunguya O, Phe T, Affolabi D, Yansouni C, and Vandenberg O
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This review provides an update on the factors fuelling antimicrobial resistance and shows the impact of these factors in low-resource settings. We detail the challenges and barriers to integrating clinical bacteriology in hospitals in low-resource settings, as well as the opportunities provided by the recent capacity building efforts of national laboratory networks focused on vertical single-disease programmes. The programmes for HIV, tuberculosis and malaria have considerably improved laboratory medicine in Sub-Saharan Africa, paving the way for clinical bacteriology. Furthermore, special attention is paid to topics that are less familiar to the general medical community, such as the crucial role of regulatory frameworks for diagnostics and the educational profile required for a productive laboratory workforce in low-resource settings. Traditionally, clinical bacteriology laboratories have been a part of higher levels of care, and, as a result, they were poorly linked to clinical practices and thus underused. By establishing and consolidating clinical bacteriology laboratories at the hospital referral level in low-resource settings, routine patient care data can be collected for surveillance, antibiotic stewardship and infection prevention and control. Together, these activities form a synergistic tripartite effort at the frontline of the emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant bacteria. If challenges related to staff, funding, scale, and the specific nature of clinical bacteriology are prioritized, a major leap forward in the containment of antimicrobial resistance can be achieved. The mobilization of resources coordinated by national laboratory plans and interventions tailored by a good understanding of the hospital microcosm will be crucial to success, and further contributions will be made by market interventions and business models for diagnostic laboratories. The future clinical bacteriology laboratory in a low-resource setting will not be an "entry-level version" of its counterparts in high-resource settings, but a purpose-built, well-conceived, cost-effective and efficient diagnostic facility at the forefront of antimicrobial resistance containment., (Copyright © 2019 Jacobs, Hardy, Semret, Lunguya, Phe, Affolabi, Yansouni and Vandenberg.)
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- 2019
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16. Fever in the tropics: the ultimate clinical challenge?
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Bottieau E and Yansouni CP
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- Disease Management, Fever epidemiology, Health Resources, Humans, Intersectoral Collaboration, Research, Fever diagnosis, Fever etiology, Fever therapy, Tropical Climate
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- 2018
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17. Point-of-care and point-of-'can': leveraging reference-laboratory capacity for integrated diagnosis of fever syndromes in the tropics.
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Semret M, Ndao M, Jacobs J, and Yansouni CP
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- Clinical Decision-Making, Disease Management, Disease Outbreaks, Fever epidemiology, Fever etiology, Health Resources, Humans, Laboratories, Population Surveillance, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Syndrome, Fever diagnosis, Point-of-Care Systems, Point-of-Care Testing
- Abstract
Background: There is an urgent need for integrated diagnosis of febrile syndromes able to account for multiple pathogens and to inform decisions for clinical care and public health., Aims: To reflect on the evolving roles of laboratory-based testing for non-malarial febrile illnesses (NMFIs) in low-resource settings, and to consider how advances in diagnostics, in connectivity and transport, and in implementation of quality systems may substantially enhance the capacity of reference laboratories to bridge the current gap between remote passive surveillance and clinically meaningful integrated fever diagnosis., Sources: Iterative search of PubMed databases, organizational reports, and expert consultation., Content: Implementation of new technologies-such as very broad molecular panels for surveillance and mass spectrometry-may considerably diminish capability gaps in reference laboratories in low-resource settings. Although the need for clinical bacteriology diagnostics is now recognized, the lack of new simple and rapid phenotypic tests for antimicrobial resistance remains a key deficiency. Several initiatives to strengthen diagnostic preparedness for infectious disease outbreaks have highlighted the need for functional tiered laboratory networks. Recently, dramatic headway in connectivity-such as combining automated readers with the image processing and data transmission capabilities of smartphones-now allows for more complex testing and interfacing with distant laboratory information systems while reducing workload and errors. Together with connectivity to transmit and receive results, new approaches to specimen collection and transport-such as the validation of rectal swabs and the use of aerial drones to transport specimens to distant laboratories-now make remote testing feasible. The above innovations also open up the possibility of implementing quality systems through community-level diagnostic stewardship. Finally, strengthened laboratory networks actively support the feasibility of implementing quality-assured point-of-care testing where it is needed., Implications: Recent advances offer the present-day possibility of innovations to re-invent the relationship between distant reference laboratories and end-users for integrated diagnosis of NMFIs., (Copyright © 2018 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Implementation of quality management for clinical bacteriology in low-resource settings.
- Author
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Barbé B, Yansouni CP, Affolabi D, and Jacobs J
- Subjects
- Humans, Accreditation, Bacteriological Techniques standards, Quality Assurance, Health Care
- Abstract
Background: The declining trend of malaria and the recent prioritization of containment of antimicrobial resistance have created a momentum to implement clinical bacteriology in low-resource settings. Successful implementation relies on guidance by a quality management system (QMS). Over the past decade international initiatives were launched towards implementation of QMS in HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria., Aims: To describe the progress towards accreditation of medical laboratories and to identify the challenges and best practices for implementation of QMS in clinical bacteriology in low-resource settings., Sources: Published literature, online reports and websites related to the implementation of laboratory QMS, accreditation of medical laboratories and initiatives for containment of antimicrobial resistance., Content: Apart from the limitations of infrastructure, equipment, consumables and staff, QMS are challenged with the complexity of clinical bacteriology and the healthcare context in low-resource settings (small-scale laboratories, attitudes and perception of staff, absence of laboratory information systems). Likewise, most international initiatives addressing laboratory health strengthening have focused on public health and outbreak management rather than on hospital based patient care. Best practices to implement quality-assured clinical bacteriology in low-resource settings include alignment with national regulations and public health reference laboratories, participating in external quality assurance programmes, support from the hospital's management, starting with attainable projects, conducting error review and daily bench-side supervision, looking for locally adapted solutions, stimulating ownership and extending existing training programmes to clinical bacteriology., Implications: The implementation of QMS in clinical bacteriology in hospital settings will ultimately boost a culture of quality to all sectors of healthcare in low-resource settings., (Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
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19. Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Schistosoma haematobium-Schistosoma bovis Hybrid Infection in a Cluster of Travelers Returning From Mali.
- Author
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Soentjens P, Cnops L, Huyse T, Yansouni C, De Vos D, Bottieau E, Clerinx J, and Van Esbroeck M
- Subjects
- Animals, DNA, Helminth, Feces parasitology, Female, Genotyping Techniques, Mali, Ovum, Schistosoma genetics, Schistosomiasis parasitology, Schistosomiasis therapy, Schistosomiasis haematobia diagnosis, Schistosomiasis haematobia parasitology, Schistosomiasis haematobia therapy, Hybridization, Genetic, Schistosoma haematobium genetics, Schistosomiasis diagnosis, Travel
- Abstract
Ten Belgian travelers returned from Mali with a Schistosoma haematobium-Schistosoma bovis hybrid infection, confirmed by DNA sequencing from eggs. Clinical symptoms and laboratory findings resembled those of classic acute schistosomiasis, but the detected eggs were morphologically unusual., (© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2016
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20. The Art of Writing and Implementing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Laboratories in Low-Resource Settings: Review of Guidelines and Best Practices.
- Author
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Barbé B, Verdonck K, Mukendi D, Lejon V, Lilo Kalo JR, Alirol E, Gillet P, Horié N, Ravinetto R, Bottieau E, Yansouni C, Winkler AS, van Loen H, Boelaert M, Lutumba P, and Jacobs J
- Subjects
- Facility Regulation and Control, Health Policy, Humans, Neglected Diseases, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Socioeconomic Factors, Guidelines as Topic standards, Laboratories economics, Laboratories standards
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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21. Illness in Canadian travellers and migrants from Brazil: CanTravNet surveillance data, 2013-2016.
- Author
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Boggild AK, Geduld J, Libman M, Yansouni CP, McCarthy AE, Hajek J, Ghesquiere W, Vincelette J, Kuhn S, Plourde PJ, Freedman DO, and Kain KC
- Abstract
Background: In light of the 2016 summer Olympic games it is anticipated that Canadian practitioners will require information about common illnesses that may affect travellers returning from Brazil., Objective: To identify the demographic and travel correlates of illness among recent Canadian travellers and migrants from Brazil attending a network of travel health clinics across Canada., Methods: Data was analyzed on returned Canadian travellers and migrants presenting to a CanTravNet site for care of an illness between June 2013 and June 2016., Results: During the study period, 7,707 ill travellers and migrants presented to a CanTravNet site and 89 (0.01%) acquired their illness in Brazil. Tourists were most well represented (n=45, 50.6%), followed by those travelling to "visit friends and relatives" (n=14, 15.7%). The median age was 37 years (range <1-78 years), 49 travellers were men (55.1%) and 40 were women (44.9%). Of the 40 women, 26 (65%) were of childbearing age. Nine percent (n=8) of travellers were diagnosed with arboviruses including dengue (n=6), chikungunya (n=1) and Zika virus (n=1), while another 14.6% (n=13) presented for care of non-specific viral syndrome (n=7), non-specific febrile illness (n=1), peripheral neuropathy (n=1) and non-specific rash (n=4), which are four syndromes that may be indicative of Zika virus infection. Ill returned travellers to Brazil were more likely to present for care of arboviral or Zika-like illness than other ill returned travellers to South America (23.6 per 100 travellers versus 10.5 per 100 travellers, respectively [ p =0.0024])., Interpretation: An epidemiologic approach to illness among returned Canadian travellers to Brazil can inform Canadian practitioners encountering both prospective and returned travellers to the Olympic games. Analysis showed that vector-borne illnesses such as dengue are common and even in this small group of travellers, both chikungunya and Zika virus were represented. It is extremely important to educate travellers about mosquito-avoidance measures in advance of travel to Brazil., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None.
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- 2016
- Full Text
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22. The Use of Interferon-γ Release Assays for Tuberculosis Screening in International Travelers.
- Author
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Apers L, Yansouni C, Soentjens P, Vekemans M, and Bottieau E
- Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) infection is relatively frequent among travellers to high incidence-countries, especially in long-term travellers and those involved in health work. It is important to diagnose recent infection, both for the affected individual and to prevent further transmission. Based on published literature, we assess the value of interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) as a complement to or replacement of the tuberculin skin test (TST) for the diagnosis of latent TB infection in the setting of a travel clinic. A comparison of available IGRAs with the TST in terms of operating characteristics and practical considerations is presented. We conclude that IGRAs offer some practical advantages that may benefit certain well-defined patient groups of a travel clinic, but that current evidence is incomplete. We identify research questions to better define the role of IGRAs in these populations.
- Published
- 2011
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23. Up-regulation of E-cadherin by an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody in lung cancer cell lines.
- Author
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Al Moustafa AE, Yansouni C, Alaoui-Jamali MA, and O'Connor-McCourt M
- Subjects
- Bronchi drug effects, Bronchi pathology, Cell Division drug effects, Cell Size drug effects, Epithelial Cells drug effects, Epithelial Cells metabolism, Epithelial Cells pathology, Gene Expression drug effects, Humans, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Phosphorylation drug effects, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Tumor Stem Cell Assay, Tyrosine metabolism, Up-Regulation, Antibodies, Monoclonal pharmacology, Cadherins metabolism, ErbB Receptors immunology, Lung Neoplasms metabolism
- Abstract
Many human epithelial carcinomas are characterized by the overexpression and constitutive activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) via an autocrine signaling loop. We have investigated the effects of a ligand-blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the EGF-R LA1 on selected parameters of human lung cancer cell lines (H322 and H661) and normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. Using Western blot analysis, we show that H322 and NHBE cell lines express comparable levels of EGF-R/p170erbB-1. The LA1 mAb against EGF-R inhibits growth, induces differentiation to a more epithelial phenotype, reduces the constitutive activation of EGF-R, and upregulates epithelial cadherin glycoprotein expression in H322 and NHBE cells. In contrast, LA1 had no effect on either growth, differentiation, receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, or the expression of adhesion molecules in H661 cells, which is consistent with our finding that this cell line does not express detectable levels of EGF-R. These studies demonstrate that a blocking anti-EGF-R mAb can regulate proliferation, differentiation, and the expression of cell adhesion molecules in human bronchial epithelial cells. Our findings suggest possible therapeutic avenues for the treatment of invasive carcinomas via the blockade of EGF-R with antibodies.
- Published
- 1999
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