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We applied self-concept theory and self-determination theory and proposed that the relationship between paradoxical leadership and employee innovation would be sequentially mediated by organizationbased self-esteem and harmonious passion. We tested our hypotheses by surveying 374 full-time employees in China and adopting structural equation modeling. The results indicate that paradoxical leadership was positively associated with employees' organization-based self-esteem, harmonious passion, and innovation. Moreover, the positive effect of paradoxical leadership on employees' innovation behavior was sequentially mediated by organization-based self-esteem and harmonious passion. Our findings advance understanding of the mechanism underlying the relationship of paradoxical leadership with employees' innovation behavior, and provide a meaningful extension of the leadership literature. We discuss implications for theory and practice.

Employees with higher career adaptability (CA) have been shown in previous research to be more likely to build high-quality social exchange relations with current employers, thereby displaying a lower intention to leave. Based on boundaryless careers and career ecosystem perspectives, this study aimed to challenge and enrich the extant understanding of this important question by examining the mixed effects of CA on turnover behavior. Results from a three-wave survey study with 179 Chinese employees show that after controlling the baseline turnover intention (Time 1), CA (Time 1) predicted both affective commitment and relative deprivation at Time 2 (6 months after Time 1), which in turn produced opposite effects on voluntary turnover behavior at Time 3 (12 months after Time 1). Moreover, the boundaryless career mindset positively moderated the relationship between CA and relative deprivation and strengthened the indirect positive effect of CA on turnover behavior via relative deprivation. These results offer a more comprehensive and balanced view of the mixed role of CA in employees' turnover behavior and carry important implications for human resource management

We examined a dual-path model to explain the opposite roles of career adaptability and organizational performance. We used a time-lagged survey of 53 supervisors and 327 employees in China to collect data. Results show that career-oriented proactive behavior mediated the negative effect of career adaptability on performance, and work unitoriented proactive behavior mediated the positive effect of career adaptability on performance. Moreover, the effects of career adaptability and career-oriented proactive behavior on performance were significant only for employees with high independent selfconstrual, and the effects of career adaptability and work unit-oriented proactive behavior on performance were significant only for employees with high interdependent self-construal. This study extends career construction theory in the organizational behavior field and has practical significance for the effective guiding of adaptable employees' contribution to organizational performance.

RNA interference (RNAi) treatment is a promising and effective method for gene therapy in cancer treatments. Small interference RNA (siRNA) plays an indispensable role in the process of RNAi, resulting in gene silencing. However, naked siRNA has difficulty in crossing the cell membrane and can easily be deactivated by enzymolysis. An ideal carrier is required for siRNA delivery to overcome these disadvantages. In this study, GO–PLL–SDGR (poly-L-lysine and Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser functionalized graphene oxide), a graphene oxide (GO)-based carrier that can actively target tumors, was prepared and characterized. Results of an agarose gel retardation assay indicated that 10 μg of GO–PLL–SDGR could load 1 μg of VEGF-siRNA. It was found that the release of VEGF-siRNA from GO–PLL–SDGR/VEGF-siRNA was slow and sustained. The efficiency of gene silencing and the tumor growth inhibitory activity of GO–PLL–SDGR/VEGF-siRNA were investigated both in vitro and in vivo by RT-qPCR, ELISA and an S180 tumor-bearing mice model. RT-qPCR and ELISA assays revealed that the expressions of VEGF-mRNA and VEGF protein were down-regulated by 40.86% and 51.71%, respectively, in vitro. In vivo, the Cy-3 labeled VEGF-siRNA was observed to assemble in tumor tissues, and the tumor inhibitory rate of GO–PLL–SDGR/VEGF-siRNA was 51.74%. What's more, GO–PLL–SDGR exhibited low cytotoxicity in the MTT assay. As all the evidence shows above, GO–PLL–SDGR could be used in siRNA delivery systems as a non-viral tumor targeting carrier.

Yanzhao Bi, Yifan Zhang, Chunying Cui, Lulu Ren, Xueyun Jiang School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Abstract: Nanodiamond (ND) is a renowned material in nonviral small interfering RNA (siRNA) carrier field due to its unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. In our previous work, it was proven that ND could deliver siRNA into cells efficiently and downregulate the expression of desired protein. However, synthesizing a high-efficient tumor-targeting carrier using ND is still a challenge. In this study, a novel carrier, NDCONH(CH2)2NH-VDGR, was synthesized for siRNA delivery, and its properties were characterized with methods including Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, gel retardation assay, differential scanning calorimetry, confocal microscopy, releasing test, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, cytotoxicity assay, and gene-silencing efficacy assay in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of NDCONH(CH2)2NH-VDGR/survivin-siRNA-induced tumor apoptosis was evaluated via flow cytometer assay using Annexin V–fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining method. The NDCONH(CH2)2NH-VDGR/survivin-siRNA nanoparticle with 60–110nm diameter and 35.65±3.90mV zeta potential was prepared. For real-time PCR assay, the results showed that the expression of survivin mRNA was reduced to 46.77%±6.3%. The expression of survivin protein was downregulated to 48.49%±2.25%, as evaluated by ELISA assay. MTT assay showed that NDCONH(CH2)2NH-VDGR/survivin-siRNA had an inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cell proliferation. According to these results, the survivin-siRNA could be delivered, transported, and released stably, which benefits in increasing the gene-silencing effect. Therefore, as an siRNA carrier, NDCONH(CH2)2NH-VDGR was suggested to be used in siRNA delivery system and in cancer treatments. Keywords: NDCONH(CH2)2NH-VDGR, siRNA carrier, RNAi, survivin

Extant empirical research tends to focus on the negative effect of career adaptability on turnover intention, which is often explained by career construction and social exchange theories. This stud...