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IntroductionNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may potentially delay or cause non-union of fractures by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. However, studies have shown conflicting results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to synthesize current evidence on the potential influence of NSAIDs on bone healing.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases for studies published up to 25 July 2023. Specific keywords included “NSAID,” “nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug,” “cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor,” “bone healing,” “non-union,” “pseudoarthrosis,” “delayed union,” and “atrophic bone.” Eligible studies included prospective, retrospective, and case-controlled studies assessing the correlation between NSAID use and bone healing outcomes. The leave-one-out approach was used to test the robustness of the meta-analysis results.ResultsA total of 20 studies with 523,240 patients were included in the analysis. The mean patient age ranged from 6.7 to 77.0 years, with follow-up durations from 3 to 67 months. The meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in non-union or delayed union between NSAID users and non-users [pooled adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99–1.23]. Initial analysis identified a significant association between NSAID usage and an increased risk of reoperation, but this association became insignificant upon sensitivity analysis (crude OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 0.88–2.28).DiscussionNSAIDs may have a minimal impact on non-union or delayed union risks. However, caution is advised due to the limited number of studies and the absence of a specific focus on NSAID types and dosages. Further research is necessary to better understand the implications of NSAID use on bone healing.

Abstract Transition metal dichalcogenides, by virtue of their two-dimensional structures, could provide the largest active surface for reactions with minimal materials consumed, which has long been pursued in the design of ideal catalysts. Nevertheless, their structurally perfect basal planes are typically inert; their surface defects, such as under-coordinated atoms at the surfaces or edges, can instead serve as catalytically active centers. Here we show a reaction probability > 90 % for adsorbed methanol (CH3OH) on under-coordinated Pt sites at surface Te vacancies, produced with Ar+ bombardment, on layered PtTe2 — approximately 60 % of the methanol decompose to surface intermediates CHxO (x = 2, 3) and 35 % to CHx (x = 1, 2), and an ultimate production of gaseous molecular hydrogen, methane, water and formaldehyde. The characteristic reactivity is attributed to both the triangular positioning and varied degrees of oxidation of the under-coordinated Pt at Te vacancies.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presents a challenge for individuals today, affecting their health and life quality. Besides its known complications, T2DM has been found to contribute to bone/mineral abnormalities, thereby increasing the vulnerability to bone fragility/fractures. However, there is still a need for appropriate diagnostic approaches and targeted medications to address T2DM-associated bone diseases. This study aims to investigate the relationship between changes in gut microbiota, T2DM, and osteoporosis. To explore this, a T2DM rat model was induced by combining a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin treatment. Our findings reveal that T2DM rats have lower bone mass and reduced levels of bone turnover markers compared to control rats. We also observe significant alterations in gut microbiota in T2DM rats, characterized by a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes (F) and Proteobacteria (P), but a lower relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (B) at the phylum level. Further analysis indicates a correlation between the F/B ratio and bone turnover levels, as well as between the B/P ratio and HbA1c levels. Additionally, at the genus level, we observe an inverse correlation in the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae. These findings show promise for the development of new strategies to diagnose and treat T2DM-associated bone diseases.

BackgroundAcute coronary syndrome (ACS) in early adulthood (80–100 per 100,000 children under 5 years of age) of Kawasaki disease.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, retrospective study by reviewing medical records and angiographic data from two institutions (middle and southern Taiwan, respectively) of adults

Abstract Background Angular stable locking plates have shown good clinical results in treating proximal humeral fractures, but complications are not uncommon. This study reported a rare case of catastrophic failure of a titanium locking plate. A retrieval analysis of the implants was performed using an optic microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Case presentation A 69-year-old male reported a right proximal humeral fracture at the surgical neck and was treated by open reduction and internal fixation with a locking plate system. Ninety-six days after surgery, the patient came to clinic for acute local pain over the shoulder without any trauma. The radiographs showed a complete breakage of the implant accompanying displaced fracture. Revision surgery was performed to restabilize the fracture with a longer locking plate. The follow-up radiographs at 9 months showed complete union of the bone fracture. Conclusions From the retrieval analysis, repetitive torsion loads on the vulnerable area of the implant are assumed to cause this catastrophic event. It is recommended that adequate activity restriction, such as reaching, be undertaken to avoid this rare complication. Current study also provides contributive information for the modification of plate design and pre-operative planning for device configuration to improve the success rate of locking plate fixation.

Introduction: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may potentially delay or cause non-union of fractures by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. However, studies have shown conflicting results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to synthesize current evidence on the potential influence of NSAIDs on bone healing. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases for studies published up to 25 July 2023. Specific keywords included "NSAID," "nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug," "cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor," "bone healing," "non-union," "pseudoarthrosis," "delayed union," and "atrophic bone." Eligible studies included prospective, retrospective, and case-controlled studies assessing the correlation between NSAID use and bone healing outcomes. The leave-one-out approach was used to test the robustness of the meta-analysis results. Results: A total of 20 studies with 523,240 patients were included in the analysis. The mean patient age ranged from 6.7 to 77.0 years, with follow-up durations from 3 to 67 months. The meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in non-union or delayed union between NSAID users and non-users [pooled adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99-1.23]. Initial analysis identified a significant association between NSAID usage and an increased risk of reoperation, but this association became insignificant upon sensitivity analysis (crude OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 0.88-2.28). Discussion: NSAIDs may have a minimal impact on non-union or delayed union risks. However, caution is advised due to the limited number of studies and the absence of a specific focus on NSAID types and dosages. Further research is necessary to better understand the implications of NSAID use on bone healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) have impaired pulmonary function both before and after surgery; therefore, pulmonary function assessments are important and should be performed both before and after open-heart surgery. This study aimed to compare pulmonary function between variant pediatric CHD types after open-heart surgery via spirometry. Methods: In this retrospective study, the data for forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), and the ratio between FEV1 and FVC (FEV1/FVC) were collected from patients with CHD who underwent conventional spirometry between 2015 and 2017. Results: A total of 86 patients (55 males and 31 females, with a mean age of 13.24 ± 3.32 years) were enrolled in our study. The diagnosis of CHD included 27.9% with atrial septal defects, 19.8% with ventricular septal defects, 26.7% with tetralogy of Fallot, 7.0% with transposition of the great arteries, and 46.5% with other diagnoses. Abnormal lung function was identified by spirometry assessments after surgery. Spirometry was abnormal in 54.70% of patients: obstructive type in 29.06% of patients, restrictive type in 19.76% of patients, and mixed type in 5.81% of patients. More abnormal findings were found in patients who received the Fontan procedure (80.00% vs. 35.80%, p = 0.048). Conclusions: Developing novel therapies to optimize pulmonary function will be critical for improving clinical outcomes.