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Enantiomer sorting greatly promotes the advancement of chemistry, bioscience, and medicine while also facing significant challenges. Recently, all-optical solutions have attracted considerable interest due to their non-invasiveness. While, it should be noted that the achiral optical force is always much larger than the chiral gradient force that plays a key role in all-optical enantiomer sorting, hindering the separation of enantiomers. Previously proposed methods to boost the chiral gradient forces by plasmonic and photonic nanostructures are often accompanied by the enhancement of achiral optical forces. The sorted chiral particles are also difficult to be transferred from the complex nanostructures. Here, we propose an approach for separating enantiomers using uniform light field formed by two waves, which is capable of sorting deep sub-wavelength chiral particles. In our method, the chiral particles can be sorted within a simple planar structure while the achiral gradient force is equal to zero. Our research reveals a promising perspective on large-scale sorting for enantiomers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Metal(loid)s content and mobility were correlated to microbial activities. • Microbial activities are sensitive bioindicators for metal-contaminated sites. • Surface and 1 m deep layers reached alarming and serious pollution levels. • Cadmium and possibly arsenic were the main contributors to the environmental risk. • Modified combined pollution risk was based on chemical and toxicological indices. Abandoned chemical smelting sites containing toxic substances can seriously threaten and pose a risk to the surrounding ecological environment. Soil samples were collected from different depths (0 to 13 m) and analyzed for metal(loid)s content and fractionation, as well as microbial activities. The potential ecological risk indices for the different soil depths (ordered from high to low) were: 1 m (D-1) > surface (S-0) > 5 m (D-5) > 13 m (D-13) > 9 m (D-9), ranging between 1840.65–13,089.62, and representing extremely high environmental risks, of which Cd (and probably not arsenic) contributed to the highest environmental risk. A modified combined pollution risk index (MCR) combining total content and mobile proportion of metal(loid)s, and relative toxicities, was used to evaluate the degree of contamination and potential environmental risks. For the near-surface samples (S-0 and D-1 layers), the MCR considered that As, Cd, Pb, Sb, and Zn achieved high and alarming degrees of contamination, whereas Fe, Mn, and Ti were negligible or low to moderate pollution degrees. Combined microcalorimetry and enzymatic activity measurements of contaminated soil samples were used to assess the microbial metabolic activity characteristics. Correlation analysis elucidated the relationship between metal(loid)s exchangeable fraction or content and microbial activity characteristics (p < 0.05). The microbial metabolic activity in the D-1 layer was low presumably due to heavy metal stress. Enzyme activity indicators and microcalorimetric growth rate (k) measurements were considered sensitive indicators to reflect the soil microbial activities in abandoned chemical smelting sites. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: HER3 (ErbB3), a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor family, is frequently overexpressed in various cancers. Multiple HER3-targeting antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) were developed for the solid tumor treatment, however none of HER3-targeting agent has been approved for tumor therapy yet. We developed DB-1310, a HER3 ADC composed of a novel humanized anti-HER3 monoclonal antibody covalently linked to a proprietary DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor payload (P1021), and evaluate the efficacy and safety of DB-1310 in preclinical models. Methods: The binding of DB-1310 to Her3 and other HER families were measured by ELISA and SPR. The competition of binding epitope for DB-1310 and patritumab was tested by FACS. The sensitivity of breast, lung, prostate and colon cancer cell lines to DB-1310 was evaluated by in vitro cell killing assay. In vivo growth inhibition study evaluated the sensitivity of DB-1310 to Her3 + breast, lung, colon and prostate cancer xenograft models. The safety profile was also measured in cynomolgus monkey. Results: DB-1310 binds HER3 via a novel epitope with high affinity and internalization capacity. In vitro, DB-1310 exhibited cytotoxicity in numerous HER3 + breast, lung, prostate and colon cancer cell lines. In vivo studies in HER3 + HCC1569 breast cancer, NCI-H441 lung cancer and Colo205 colon cancer xenograft models showed DB-1310 to have dose-dependent tumoricidal activity. Tumor suppression was also observed in HER3 + non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and prostate cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Moreover, DB-1310 showed stronger tumor growth-inhibitory activity than patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd), which is another HER3 ADC in clinical development at the same dose. The tumor-suppressive activity of DB-1310 synergized with that of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, osimertinib, and exerted efficacy also in osimertinib-resistant PDX model. The preclinical assessment of safety in cynomolgus monkeys further revealed DB-1310 to have a good safety profile with a highest non severely toxic dose (HNSTD) of 45 mg/kg. Conclusions: These finding demonstrated that DB-1310 exerted potent antitumor activities against HER3 + tumors in in vitro and in vivo models, and showed acceptable safety profiles in nonclinical species. Therefore, DB-1310 may be effective for the clinical treatment of HER3 + solid tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machined surface integrity is a comprehensive description of surface quality, which mainly includes the key indexes, such as surface micro-morphology, surface hardening, surface residual stress, and surface microstructure. It has a direct influence on the fatigue performance of specimens. Therefore, a lot of researches have been carried out in-depth, and many results are achieved. Based on the formation mechanism of surface integrity indexes, main achievements of influence mechanism of surface integrity on fatigue behavior of metal specimens are presented and analyzed, and the internal relationship and application range of the mechanisms are clarified. It is further presented that the extremely important factor of surface integrity affecting fatigue performance of specimens is the micro-plastic strain of machined surface, and the contents that need to be further improved in the basic theory of anti-fatigue machining are analyzed. Meanwhile, it is pointed out that establishing a comprehensive model of the influence of surface integrity on fatigue performance based on surface micro-morphology and surface plastic deformation is a focus point, which provides a reference for the further researchers and promotes the application of anti-fatigue machining technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Connected electronic devices used in healthcare, such as small sensors and actuators and other cyber-physical devices, make up what is known as the Internet of Medical Things. By linking these devices, medical monitoring, analysis, and reporting may become more intelligent and autonomous, ultimately benefiting the patient. To solve these problems, a thorough plan for monitoring and assessing method health needs to be formulated. The application of traditional machine learning to massive datasets in a shared computing environment may lead to model training and computation that is either too slow to provide accurate results or too fast to produce erroneous results as a consequence of rushed training, both of which are detrimental. Key 6G enablers may be seen of as the upcoming paradigms of machine learning (ML), quantum computing, and quantum ML (QML), as well as their synergies with communication networks. This research presents a new machine learning approach to medical cyber physical system (CPS) predictive maintenance using swarm robots. In this case, we use fog computing-integrated soft sensors to conduct a thorough closed-loop dynamic analysis of the CPS predictive maintenance. Extreme learning utilising a weighted sliding window. The investigation of medical security is then conducted using a kernel decision making system based on probabilistic swarm robotics. In terms of training accuracy, energy use, convergence ratio, precision, and F_measure, an experimental study is conducted. The system's ability to (i) avoid unscheduled downtime and (ii) consequently increase operational availability sets it apart from other systems. The system aims to notify users as quickly as feasible of unusual operations and probable failure scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with the traditional grid-following photovoltaic grid-connected converter (GFL-PGC), the grid-forming photovoltaic grid-connected converter (GFM-PGC) can provide voltage and frequency support for power systems, which can effectively enhance the stability of power electronic power systems. Consequently, GFM-PGCs have attracted great attention in recent years. When an asymmetrical short-circuit fault occurs in the power grid, GFM-PGC systems may experience transient instability, which has been less studied so far. In this paper, a GFM-PGC system is investigated under asymmetrical short-circuit fault conditions. A novel Q-V droop control structure is proposed by improving the traditional droop control. The proposed control structure enables the system to accurately control the positive- and negative-sequence reactive current without switching the control strategy during the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) period so that it can meet the requirements of the renewable energy grid code. In addition, a dual-loop control structure model of positive- and negative-sequence voltage and current is established for the GFM-PGC system under asymmetrical short-circuit fault conditions. Based on the symmetrical component method, the composite sequence network of the system is obtained under asymmetrical short-circuit fault conditions, and positive- and negative-sequence power-angle characteristic curves are analyzed. The influence law of system parameters on the transient synchronous stability of positive- and negative-sequence systems is quantitatively analyzed through the equal area criterion. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified by simulation and hardware-in-the-loop experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human epidermal growth factor receptor mutation variant III ( EGFR VIII) is a cancer-specific cell surface oncogenic marker and has been observed to be widely involved in the formation, progression and metastasis of lung cancer and some other tumors. Previously, a massive quantity of EGFR VIII -binding peptides were enriched via random phage display (RPD) targeted against the protein. In this study, we reported rational discovery of 12-mer peptides with high affinity to EGFR VIII and strong selectivity for EGFR VIII over wild-type EGFR ( EGFR WT). A combinatorial peptide library was designed to target EGFR VIII based on over ten thousands of known EGFR VIII binders enriched from RPD analysis, and a virtual high-throughput screening protocol was then systematically performed against the library to derive those potential candidates, which were further examined rigorously at structural and energetic levels to identify few promising hits. Anisotropy binding assays were carried out to substantiate the computational findings. Consequently, eight 12-mer peptides were designed as effective binders that can target the EGFR VIII extracellular subdomain 3 (SD3). In particular, two potent peptides (T1: FLHRYEIVTSYF and T3: FLQKYEWNTSYW) were found to have a high affinity to EGFR VIII and a good selectivity for EGFR VIII over EGFR WT . Structural analysis revealed that the peptide-binding site can be divided into hydrophobic, polar and mixed regions, which correspond to the nonpolar N -terminal section, polar/charged middle section and hybrid C-terminal section of the peptide. The peptide selectivity originated from the middle section, which can form a different hydrogen bond network between the two proteins upon the mutating perturbation, whereas the N- and C-terminal sections are primarily responsible for the peptide stability but not specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Asian honeybee, Apis cerana, is an ecologically and economically important pollinator. Mapping its genetic variation is key to understanding population‐level health, histories and potential capacities to respond to environmental changes. However, most efforts to date were focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on a single reference genome, thereby ignoring larger scale genomic variation. We employed long‐read sequencing technologies to generate a chromosome‐scale reference genome for the ancestral group of A. cerana. Integrating this with 525 resequencing data sets, we constructed the first pan‐genome of A. cerana, encompassing almost the entire gene content. We found that 31.32% of genes in the pan‐genome were variably present across populations, providing a broad gene pool for environmental adaptation. We identified and characterized structural variations (SVs) and found that they were not closely linked with SNP distributions; however, the formation of SVs was closely associated with transposable elements. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis using SVs revealed a novel A. cerana ecological group not recoverable from the SNP data. Performing environmental association analysis identified a total of 44 SVs likely to be associated with environmental adaptation. Verification and analysis of one of these, a 330 bp deletion in the Atpalpha gene, indicated that this SV may promote the cold adaptation of A. cerana by altering gene expression. Taken together, our study demonstrates the feasibility and utility of applying pan‐genome approaches to map and explore genetic feature variations of honeybee populations, and in particular to examine the role of SVs in the evolution and environmental adaptation of A. cerana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The study aims to explore the effects of low-light stress on the main quality characteristics of fruits of different muskmelon varieties. 【Method】 The content changes of carbohydrates, carotenoids and chlorophyll in different fruit positions (pedicle, areola and pulp) of three varieties (Xizhoumi No. 1, Zaohuanghou and Jiashi) of muskmelon under different light intensities (100%, 42% and 23% transmittance) at different development stages (0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 35, 40, 60 d after blooming) were investigated. 【Result】 Results showed that contents of fruit starch, sucrose and reducing sugar all increased continuously during fruit development and the highest contents exhibited at mature stage (35 d ), and Xizhoumi No. 1 had the highest starch content (10.835%), while Jiashi had the lowest starch content (8.342%). The pulp and areola of the fruits of three varieties showed higher sucrose content than that in pedicle, but no difference in reducing sugar content. The contents of carotenoid and chlorophyll increased during fruit development but decreasedat full ripe stage (60 d after blooming). Low-light stress significantly reduced the carbohydrate content, increased carotenoid and chlorophyll contents, and most significant effect was found under transmittance 23% treatment, under which the contents of starch, sucrose and reducing sugar in Xizhoumi No. 1 muskmelon reduced by 32.3%, 29.87% and 28.02%, while contents of carotene and chlorophyll increased by 19.47% and 13.98%, respectively. The contents of starch, sucrose and reducing sugar in Zaohuanghou muskmelon reduced by 32.63%, 25.09% and 20.24%, and the contents of carotene and chlorophyll increased by 54.74% and 21.06%, respectively. The contents of starch, sucrose and reducing sugar in Jiashi muskmelon reduced by 41.08%, 32.39% and 39.1%, and the contents of carotene chlorophyll increased by 55.20% and 31.79%, respectively. Compared with Xizhoumi No. 1 and Zaohuanghou muskmelons, the Jiashi muskmelon showed the lowest starch and chlorophyll contents and the highest sucrose and reducing sugar contents, and exhibited the most significant decline of starch, sucrose and reducing sugar contents, and increase of carotenoid and chlorophyll contents, indicating that the Jiashi muskmelon was affected most significantly by low-light stress and showed poorest low-light tolerance. 【Conclusion】 The low-light stress reduces the commercial quality of muskmelon fruits, and the quality is worse when the light transmittance is lower. Jiashi muskmelon is most sensitive to low-light stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shale gas is an important unconventional natural gas resource, and it is an important target of exploration and development in recent years. Deep shale gas reservoirs are high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-stress with complex gas–water relationships, and its occurrence and flow mechanisms are still unclear, making the simulation of deep shale gas reservoirs still a challenging problem. Aiming at the key problems faced in the development of deep shale gas reservoirs, this paper establishes a flow-stress-temperature field coupled mathematical model and numerical model, studies the thermo-hydro-mechanical sequential decoupling method to solve the coupled mathematical model, and forms a multi-field coupled simulation technology which provides theoretical support for the development of deep shale gas. Based on the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling calculation module, this paper conducts research on the influence of thermo-hydro-mechanical multi-field coupling parameters on the production and development performance, and it further verifies the practicability of our proposed model in real reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports on a contrastive study of media representations of juvenile delinquency. Based on 87 news reports, we draw on Ariel (1991) and Xu (2000)'s accessibility hierarchy to compare the forms and functions of personal referring expressions applied to juvenile offenders in English and Chinese crime news. In addition, we extend our analysis by incorporating the discussions of the evaluative meaning of nominal descriptions under the social actor representation framework of Van Leeuwen (2008). It is found that both English and Chinese data exhibit a preference for nominal description foregrounding offenders' age in the first mentions. However, in the subsequent mentions, the key differences identified are that English news has more frequent use of definite descriptions, distal demonstratives, pronouns and functional terms, whereas Chinese news has a greater incidence of surnames, proximal demonstratives, zeros and identification terms. The discussion attempts to provide possible explanations for our findings from three aspects: linguistic features, socio-cultural conventions and social justice systems in different countries. Building upon these discussions, this study may shed empirical light on the issue of referring to juvenile offenders in mass media between two disparate languages, raising media's awareness of the mediatized language of crime. • Accessibility theory and social actor framework are used to analyze reference. • Both English and Chinese data exhibit a preference for foregrounding offenders' age. • Young offenders in Chinese news are presented at a closer psychological distance. • Young offenders in English news tend to be portrayed as "perpetrators". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photoelectrocatalysis is an efficient and sustainable degradation method for organic contaminant, where the photoanode material plays a critical role. Development of novel, inexpensive, and high‐performance photoanode materials is significant to enhance the degradation performance of anodes catalysis. Herein, a novel carbon‐fiber geopolymer composite‐coated electrode with low cost and facile production was prepared by incorporating carbon fibers in a geopolymer matrix. The as‐developed photoelectrocatalyst coupled with persulfate could effectively degrade more than 98 % of rhodamine B within 6 min, which demonstrated superior catalytic activity compared with various catalysts reported in the literature. Moreover, the composite electrodes exhibited excellent reusability. The endogenous Fe2O3 and TiO2 in the geopolymer matrix were the main active materials, providing photoelectron‐hole pairs for dye molecule degradation. Significantly, the carbon fibers in the matrix effectively connected the scattered oxide species and prompted the separation and migration of photoinduced carriers while enhancing the stability of the catalysts and improving the conductivity of the matrix. When the carbon content was increased from 0 to 6 wt%, the conductivity of the composite increased by 17.75 times. This study offers a cost‐effective and eco‐friendly photoelectrocatalyst, which shows significant potential for further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel silane coupled cationic precursor (SAGS) was synthesized by 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and sodium 2-((2-aminorthyl)amino) ethanesulfonate. A series of cation exchange membranes were prepared with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and SAGS by a sol-gel-based process. The structure of the prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and its properties were studied by water uptake (WR), cation exchange capacity (CEC), linear expansion ratio (LER), alkali stability, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical properties, and diffusion dialysis performance. FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the successful preparation of SAGS membranes, and SEM images showed that the prepared membranes were dense and uniform. The WR values of the SAGS membranes were in the range of 91.49–122.39%, and the LER values were 17.65–28.21%. In addition, the SAGS membranes had suitable CEC value, good alkali resistance, and thermal stability which ensured the application of membranes in the field of diffusion dialysis (DD) for alkali recovery. In the DD test, the dialysis coefficients of NaOH (UOH) ranged from 0.012 mm/h to 0.023 mm/h, and the separation factors (S) was in the range of 30.77–16.43. In conclusion, the prepared CEM containing silicon oxygen bonds by PVA and SAGS reaction has the advantages of low price, friendly environment, good alkali resistance, simple preparation process, and great application potential in the textile manufacturing wastewater recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has provided revolutionary results in treating various cancers. However, its efficacy in colorectal cancer (CRC), especially in microsatellite stability-CRC, is limited. This study aimed to observe the efficacy of personalized neoantigen vaccine in treating MSS–CRC patients with recurrence or metastasis after surgery and chemotherapy. Candidate neoantigens were analyzed from whole-exome and RNA sequencing of tumor tissues. The safety and immune response were assessed through adverse events and ELISpot. The clinical response was evaluated by progression-free survival (PFS), imaging examination, clinical tumor marker detection, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing. Changes in health-related quality of life were measured by the FACT-C scale. A total of six MSS–CRC patients with recurrence or metastasis after surgery and chemotherapy were administered with personalized neoantigen vaccines. Neoantigen-specific immune response was observed in 66.67% of the vaccinated patients. Four patients remained progression-free up to the completion of clinical trial. They also had a significantly longer progression-free survival time than the other two patients without neoantigen-specific immune response (19 vs. 11 months). Changes in health-related quality of life improved for almost all patients after the vaccine treatment. Our results shown that personalized neoantigen vaccine therapy is likely to be a safe, feasible and effective strategy for MSS–CRC patients with postoperative recurrence or metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The van der Waals sandwich heterostructure CuInP 2 S 6 / MoSSe / CuInP 2 S 6 (CIPS/MoSSe/CIPS) has first been employed as a prototype to tune the Rashba effect. By nonvolatile controlling of the orientation of the polarization of the top ferroelectric CIPS monolayer, it is confirmed that the Rashba effect can be switched on or off at the top position of the valence band (VB) around the Γ point. More significantly, we find that the Rashba coefficient increases by almost one order of magnitude for the "on" state as compared with the freestanding MoSSe monolayer. Based on the results of first-principle calculations, it is obtained that the enhancement of the Rashba effect results from the charge transfer from the top CIPS layer to the MoSSe layer or the bottom CIPS layer, and the lifting of the d -orbit band of the light Cu atom leads to the disappearance of Rashba spin splitting at the top of the VB around the Γ point. Furthermore, the polarization orientation of the bottom CIPS layer can greatly alter the bandgap of the sandwich structure. We hope the above nonvolatile and large amplitude tuning of the Rashba effect should be useful in the design of spintronic nano-devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance has been a serious health threat of widespread concern, as antibiotics are difficult to degrade effectively in the environment. In this study, sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), a common antibiotic in an aqueous solution, was irradiated by low-energy X-ray to investigate the effect of the absorption dose, initial concentration, initial pH, irradiation energy and other conditions on the degradation of SMZ, as well as the kinetic mechanism of SMZ degradation. The results showed that low-energy X-ray irradiation could effectively degrade SMZ in an aqueous solution at different initial concentrations and acid-base degrees, and the degradation effect of irradiation in the range of 60–80 keV is independent of the energy of X-rays. The degradation rate of the SMZ solution, with an initial concentration of 10.70 mg/L, was 94.6% at an absorbed dose of 890 Gray, with a pH of 3.5. Similar to other works on the degradation of antibiotics by ionizing irradiation, the degradation of SMZ solutions conformed to a pseudo-first-order kinetic mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This analysis investigated the efficacy and safety of add-on lixisenatide by disease duration in Asian people with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with basal insulin ± oral antidiabetic drugs. Methods: Data for Asian participants in the GetGoal-Duo 1, GetGoal-L, and GetGoal-L-C studies were pooled and categorized by diabetes duration: < 10 years (group 1), 10 to < 15 years (group 2), and ≥ 15 years (group 3). Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide versus placebo were evaluated by subgroup. The potential influence of diabetes duration on efficacy was examined using multivariable regression analyses. Results: A total of 555 participants were included (mean age 53.9 years, 52.4% male). No significant differences in treatment effect between the duration subgroups were observed for the changes from baseline to 24 weeks in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial glucose (PPG), PPG excursion, body weight or body mass index, or the proportion of participants with HbA1c < 7% at 24 weeks (all P values for interaction > 0.1). Change in insulin dosage (U/day) was significantly different between subgroups (P = 0.038). Multivariable regression analysis showed participants in group 1 had a smaller change in body weight and basal insulin dose over the 24-week treatment period than participants in group 3 (P = 0.014 and 0.030, respectively) and were less likely to achieve an HbA1c < 7% than participants in group 2 (P = 0.047). No severe hypoglycemia was reported. A higher proportion of participants in group 3 versus the other groups had symptomatic hypoglycemia, for both lixisenatide and placebo, and T2D duration had a significant effect on hypoglycemia risk (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Lixisenatide improved glycemic control in Asian individuals regardless of diabetes duration, without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. Individuals with longer disease duration had a greater risk of symptomatic hypoglycemia than individuals with shorter disease duration regardless of treatment. No additional safety concerns were observed. Clinical Trial Registration: GetGoal-Duo 1, ClinicalTrials.gov record NCT00975286; GetGoal-L, ClinicalTrials.gov record NCT00715624; GetGoal-L-C, ClinicalTrials.gov record NCT01632163. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geopolymer‐based ceramics as catalysts or catalyst supports have attracted tremendous interests in recent years owing to their low‐cost and zeolite‐like structure characteristics. However, most of the reported works focus on alkaline‐based geopolymers, whereas the catalytic performance of acid based geopolymer has not yet been evaluated. This study aims to investigate the application potential of phosphoric acid–based geopolymer (PAG) for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3. To this end, the SCR reactivity of PAG and metal oxide (MnOx)‐loaded PAG were evaluated. Moreover, an activated carbon‐based hard template route was proposed for further enhancing the SCR reactivity of the PAG‐based catalyst. The as‐prepared catalyst under the optimal condition exhibited a high NO conversion greater than 85% in a wide temperature range of 250–350°C, which is among the top literature‐reported values, demonstrating its promising application prospect. A systematical X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller, NH3‐temperature‐programed desorption, and H2‐temperature‐programed reduction spectroscopic analyses were also conducted to better understand the structure evolution of PAG under elevated temperature and the SCR catalytic mechanism of the acid‐based geopolymer catalysts. This study would provide valuable information on the potential application prospect of PAG and its modified form for efficient NOx removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve overall survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, the molecular characterization of GC in ICIs responders is unclear. A total of 288 advanced GC patients were included in this study. Next‐generation sequencing analysis was performed on tumor tissue and paired blood to screen for somatic mutants in 639 tumor‐associated genes. We demonstrated that ARID1A, HER2/3/4, KMT2C/2D, LRP1B, PIK3CA, SPTA1, and TP53 mutations were significantly correlated with high tumor mutation burden (TMB) score, as well as HER2 amplification. For HER2 and PIK3CA mutations types, this relationship was statistically significant with age and TP53 mutation status, which was also found in the CDH1 gene. These results were confirmed by sequencing 873 GC cases in the cBioPortal database. PIK3CA mutations appear to be associated with longer survival in elderly population and TP53 mutant subtypes. For the first time, we found that GC patients ≥60 years old or with TP53 mutated type and PIK3CA mutations were associated with higher TMB and better ICI response. Building upon the age and TP53 mutation status, this study suggested a novel stratification approach to GC patients and explored the correlations between genetic somatic mutations and TMB score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanosheets of anatase TiO2 and CdS quantum dots modified with thioglycolic acid (TGA-CdS QDs) were prepared and hierarchically modified on the indium tin oxides (ITO) electrodes. The heterojunction structure is formed to improve the light capture ability and carrier migration, significantly enhancing the sensitivity of photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors. Specific DNA sequences labeled with TGA-CdS QDs were placed on the electrodes to prepare a biosensor for the detection of chloramphenicol with ultrahigh selectivity. In addition, the heterojunction structure and the principle of photocurrent signal amplification on the electrode are described in detail. Under the optimal conditions, the photoelectrochemical biosensors showed good reproducibility and stability for chloramphenicol with a linear response in the range 10–10,000 pM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.23 pM. Due to the specific recognition of base pairs, the sensor has excellent anti-interference ability in practical applications. An effective method was developed for the accurate detection of antibiotics with far reaching prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00460 is an onco-lncRNA in a variety of cancers, including pancreatic cancer (PC). This study is aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of LINC00460 in PC. Methods: The tumor and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 73 PC patients. The expression of LINC00460, miR-503-5p, and ANLN was detected using qRT-PCR. We then analyzed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis/cell cycle of PC cells by performing the MTT/EdU, transwell, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The xenograft tumor model were utilized to confirm the effect of LINC00460 knockdown on PC through anti-PD-1 therapy in vivo, and the sensitivity of PANC-1 cells to the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells in vitro. Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels. A co-culture model was utilized to explore the effects of exosomes on macrophages. Results: LINC00460 was up-regulated in PC tissues and cells. LINC00460 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, facilitated cell apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest, and inhibited the tumor growth through anti-PD-1 therapy. Both miR-503-5p down-regulation and ANLN up-regulation reversed the effects of LINC00460 knockdown on inhibiting the proliferation, migration and invasion, and on promoting the apoptosis, G0/G1 phase arrest, and the sensitivity of PC cells to the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. Exosomes were uptaken by the ambient PC cells. PANC-1 cells-derived exosomal LINC00460-induced M2 macrophage polarization accelerates the cell migration and invasion. Conclusions: LINC00460 silencing attenuates the development of PC by regulating the miR-503-5p/ANLN axis and exosomal LINC00460-induced M2 macrophage polarization accelerates the migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells, thus LINC00460 may act as a possible therapeutic target for treating PC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This phase 3 confirmatory diabetes mellitus treatment study compared the safety and efficacy of Rapilin and NovoRapid insulin asparts in combination with metformin.Methods: This 24-week, open-label, randomized, active-controlled, noninferiority phase 3 confirmatory study conducted across centers in China aimed to enroll patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and blood sugar glucose inadequately controlled by oral antidiabetic drugs. Randomized patients received subcutaneous mealtime Rapilin or NovoRapid (3:1) injections, with metformin. The primary objectives were to demonstrate noninferiority (margin of 0.4%) in HbA1c change from baseline and compare safety profiles of Rapilin versus NovoRapid after 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes included 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and patients achieving HbA1c <7.0% and ≤6.5%.Results: 590 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized to Rapilin (n = 441) and NovoRapid (n = 149) groups. After 24 weeks, the mean HbA1c change from baseline was -2.20% (Rapilin) and -2.32% (NovoRapid); the estimated treatment difference based on least-square means was 0.04% (95% CI: -0.17, 0.26), meeting the noninferiority criteria for Rapilin versus NovoRapid. Comparable improvements were reported for mean 2-hour PPG (6.14 and 6.29 mmol/L), FPG (2.02 and 1.70 mmol/L), and patients with HbA1c <7.0% (52.6% and 51.0%) and ≤6.5% (34.2% and 30.9%), in the Rapilin and NovoRapid groups, respectively, with no significant safety or immunogenicity outcome differences.Conclusions: Rapilin demonstrated non-inferior glycemic control, and matching safety and immunogenicity to NovoRapid in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus also receiving metformin over 24 weeks.Trial Registration: ChiCTR20003129041. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors introduce the index of subgeneral position for closed subschemes and obtain a second main theorems based on this notion. They also give the corresponding Schmidt's subspace type theorem via the analogue between Nevanlinna theory and Diophantine approximation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A two‐stage deep learning framework for bone classification and abnormality detection is proposed based on X‐rays. The primary focus is on improving the speed of orthopedic disease diagnosis and helping physicians reduce the probability of false diagnoses. Methods: The method is based on two stages. In the first stage, one classifier with ResNeXt50 as the backbone is used to classify bones to eliminate the effect of bone type differences on abnormality detection. In the second stage, seven anomaly detectors are trained based on each type of training data. The seven detectors tested the seven results of the first stage, respectively. Pretrained models, data augmentation, focal loss, label smoothing loss, LR‐attenuation and early stopping are used to improve performance and reduce the risk of overfitting. Results: Experiments are based on the largest dataset for bone abnormality detection, MURA. In the first stage for bone classification, we got an accuracy of 96.69%, a sensitivity of 96.69%, a specificity of 99.46%, and an F1 score of 96.42%. In the second stage for abnormality detection, we got an accuracy of 84.15%, a sensitivity of 84.15%, a specificity of 87.50%, an F1 score of 84.10%, a Cohen's Kappa of 0.72, and an area under the ROC curve (AUC) score of 0.90. Conclusions: Compared with other excellent convolutional neural network models, the framework's effectiveness was verified with better accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, Cohen's Kappa score, and AUC score for bone classification and abnormality detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-medium maturity shale oil in China has large resource potential. The occurrence state of such resource is mainly retained hydrocarbon and unconverted organic substance, making the in-situ conversion process a requisite technology. Meanwhile, the naturally fractured shale reservoir has multiple types of pore space, making the hydrothermal coupling process more complex. In this paper, a coupled thermal-reactive compositional flow model and numerical solution method is proposed. Specifically, the apparent permeability of fractured shale oil reservoir is derived based on fractal theory. Besides, the multistage parallel chemical kinetic reactions during in-situ conversion process and evolution of reservoir fluid composition and shale porosity are incorporated. Then the accuracy of the proposed model is tested through numerical cases. Finally, the impact of key operation parameters and fractal parameters on shale oil exploitation is analyzed, such as heating temperature, heating spacing, pore size fractal dimension, fracture length fractal dimension and tortuosity fractal dimension. The proposed model is capable of accurate and efficient prediction of the fractured low-medium maturity shale oil reservoir production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver micro/nanostructures are often used to enhance surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) due their hotspot effect. In this paper, a single-step electrochemical etching method was used to prepare silver dendrites with stems, branches and leaf morphology on porous silicon. A detailed analysis of the evolution and growth mechanism of the silver dendrites on the porous silicon was conducted, based on diffusion-limited aggregation, the anisotropy associated with the solid–liquid interface energy, and taking into account different growth rates. The SERS efficiency of the analyte molecule Rhodamine 6G was evaluated, achieving a low detection limit of up to 10–11 M concentration. The linear relationship between Rhodamine 6G concentration and Raman peak intensity is good within the concentration range of 10–4–10–11 M, and the linear fitting equation is y = − 4479.4 x + 41,952.9 (R2 = 0.9815). Therefore, the results indicate that different silver dendrites can be prepared by controlling the time, which is beneficial for the design of silver dendrite-based composites with high SERS performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TSPO, an 18 kDa translocator protein, has received increased attention due to its antidepressant-anxiolytic effects. The balance between glutamatergic and GABAergic (E: I) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is crucial for antidepressant-anxiolytic effects. However, no evidence is available to clarify the relationship between TSPO and E:I balance. In the present study, we used the TSPO global-knockout (KO) and TSPO wild-type (WT) mice to assess the effects of TSPO on antidepressant-anxiolytic effects of YL-IPA08 (a novel TSPO ligand) and the underlying neurobiological mechanism. Additionally, a multichannel electrophysiological technique was used to explore the effects of YL-IPA08 on pyramidal neurons and interneurons in mPFC. Open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test revealed that a single dose of YL-IPA08 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited significant anxiolytic actions in WT mice except in KO mice. In only WT mice, significant antidepressant effects were observed in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST). The multichannel electrophysiological technique demonstrated that YL-IPA08 significantly increased the firing rates of pyramidal neurons and decreased those of interneurons. Further studies illustrated that the firing rates of glutamatergic might be antagonized by PK11195 (a classic TSPO antagonist). Our results suggest that YL-IPA08 might regulate the E:I balance in mPFC, mediated by TSPO. In summary, TSPO regulates E:I functional balance in mPFC, play a critical role in antidepressant-anxiolytic effects of YL-IPA08, and provide a potential target site for the development of antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is an indispensable technique for gene expression analysis in modern molecular biology. The selection and evaluation of suitable reference genes is a prerequisite for accurate gene expression analysis. Schimasuperba is a valuable tree species that is environmentally adaptable and highly fire-resistant. In this study, 12 candidate reference genes were selected to check their stability of gene expression in different tissues under abiotic stresses: cold stress, salt stress, and drought stress by ΔCt, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder. The results indicated that AP-2 was the most stably expressed overall and for the cold stress and drought stress. eIF-5α gene expression was the most stable under the salt stress treatment, while UBQ expression was the most stable across mature leaves, shoots, stems, and roots. In contrast, UBC20, GAPDH, and TUB were the least stably expressed genes tested. This study delivers valid reference genes in S. superba under the different experimental conditions, providing an important resource for the subsequent elucidation of the abiotic stress adaptation mechanisms and genes with biological importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale measurements of soil moisture play a critical role in many fields, such as agriculture, hydrology, and engineering. The distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology, based on a dual-probe heat pulse (DPHP), is a novel approach to realizing large-scale soil moisture estimation. However, the application of the method is limited by the complex optical cable layout, calculation algorithm, and lack of standardized heating strategy. In this paper, an improved DPHP-DTS method considering the soil bulk density was proposed. The measurement accuracy of the DPHP-DTS method under different heating strategies was studied in laboratory experiments, and its long-term stability in regard to the monitoring of soil moisture during natural evaporation in different soils was tested. The results show that the improved DPHP-DTS method can accurately measure the soil moisture, and the fitting algorithm can reduce the error caused by the accuracy of the DTS temperature measurement under the low-power heating strategy. Its measurement accuracy increases with the increase in the heating strength and duration. In addition, the improved DPHP-DTS method can describe soil evaporation in both sand and loess with good reliability and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection and classification of histopathological cell images is a hot topic in current research. Medical images are an important research direction and are widely used in computer-aided diagnosis, biological research, and other fields. A neural network model based on deep learning is also common in medical image analysis and automatic detection and classification of tissue and cell images. Current medical cell detection methods generally do not consider that the yield is affected by other factors in the topological region, which leads to inevitable errors in the accuracy and generalization of the algorithm; at the same time, the current medical cell imaging methods are too simple to predict the classification markers, which affect the accuracy of cell image classification. This study introduces the concepts of two kinds of neural networks and then constructs a cell recognition model based on the convolution neural network principle and staining principle. In the experimental part, we developed three groups of experiments using the same equation as the experiment and tested the best cell recognition model proposed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the energy absorption characteristics of arch micro-strut (ARCH) lattice structure (different from traditional straight micro-strut lattice structure) under high-speed impact, and promote the development of special-shaped micro-strut lattice structure. Design/methodology/approach: The study serves to study the anti-impact and energy absorption characteristics of ARCH lattice structure under different strain rates and different unit layers of lattice structure. In this paper, quasi-static compression and Hopkinson compression bar experiments are used for comparative analysis. Findings: The results show that the ARCH lattice structure has obvious strain rate effect. When the strain rate is low, the number of layers of lattice structure has a great influence on the mechanical properties. With the increase of strain rate, the influence of the number of layers on the mechanical properties gradually weakens. So the ARCH lattice structure with fewer layers (less than five layers) should be selected as the impact energy absorbing materials at lower impact rate, while at higher impact rate, the number of layers can be selected according to the actual requirements of components or devices space size. Originality/value: This study shows that Arch lattice structure has excellent energy absorption performance, and provides a theoretical reference for the application of ARCH lattice structure in energy-absorbing materials. ARCH lattice structure is expected to be applied to a variety of energy absorption and anti-impact components or devices, such as aircraft black box fall buffer components, impact resistant layer of bulletproof and landing buffer device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxic metal(loid)s released into the soil by non-ferrous metal mining and smelting activities pose a serious threat to residents and the surrounding ecosystem. Considering only total metal(loid) concentrations likely overestimates routine (eco)toxicological risk assessment of soil. We hypothesize that considering metal(loid) bioavailability/accessibility will improve the accuracy of risk assessment. To test this hypothesis, four mining areas in Southwest China, including mining and surrounding sites, were studied. Bioavailability was determined considering metal(loid)s leached by a simulated strong acid rain (SSAR) treatment. In the four areas, the mining site showed higher cumulative releases of metal(loid)s under SSAR treatment than the agricultural field located in the surrounding sites. Thus, the bioavailable metal(loid)s contents were continuously being released during SSAR treatment and likely increased the environmental risk. Ecological and health risk assessment of soil, calculated using total metal(loid)s content, was corrected considering bioavailable/accessible metal(loid)s, which was determined by the heavy metal(loid)s forms and in vitro simulated intestinal stages. Although the corrected indices indicated that the risk of metal(loid)s-contaminated soil was reduced, unfavorable ecological and health risks remained in the four areas. Our study provides new perspectives to better predict the risk of bioavailable/accessible metal(loid)s in non-ferrous metal contaminated and surrounding soils. [Display omitted] • Characterization of metal(loid)s in soils affected by human activities. • Metal(loid) bioavailable fractions are generated after simulated strong acid rain. • Accurate soil risk assessment considers bioavailable/accessible metal(loid)s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Revealing the transient synchronization instability phenomenon and mechanism. • Unreasonable grid dispatching strategy and communication delay will lead to LOS phenomenon. • Deriving the synchronization stability criteria of multi-paralleled system for different dispatching strategies. • Proposing a novel cluster control strategy optimization method. In this article, the transient synchronization process of multi-paralleled grid forming (GFM) inverters is studied detailly. Firstly, based on the multi-paralleled inverters control structure and complementary cluster center of inertia relative motion (CCCOI-RM), the single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system is proposed. Subsequently, the power angle characteristic (PAC) equation of multi-paralleled inverters for different dispatching strategies with simplified damping coefficient is built. Meanwhile, a grid dispatching strategy considering communication delay is proposed, which avoiding the cascading failures of grid faults. Furthermore, according to the grid dispatching strategy, a cluster control strategy optimization method including critical cluster identification (CCI) method and transient stability prediction analysis method is designed, which is proposed to identify unstable cluster in multi-paralleled inverters. In addition, the synchronization stability criteria for dispatching strategies of multi-paralleled inverters are obtained based on the PAC equation, in which the transient instability phenomenon and mechanism for different fault stages is explained by extended equal area criterion (EEAC) method. Finally, the simulations results validate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis and proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, most high-grade ores have already been exploited. Contemporary mining tends to focus on the extraction of lower-grade ores thereby leaving large stored tailings open to the environment. As a result, current mines have emerged as hotspots for the migration of metal(loid)s and resistance genes, thereby potentially contributing to a looming public health crisis. Therefore, the management and remediation of tailings are the most challenging issues in environmental ecology. Bioremediation, a cost-effective solution for the treatment of multi-element mixed pollution (co-contamination), shows promise for the restoration of mine tailings. This review focuses on the bioremediation technologies developed to untangle the issues of non-ferrous metal mine tailings. These technologies address the environmental risks of multi-element exposure to the ecosystem and human health risks. It provides a review and comparison of current bioremediation technologies used to mineralize metal(loid)s. The role of plant-microorganisms and their mechanisms in the remediation of tailings are also discussed. The importance of "treating waste with wastes" is crucial for advancing bioremediation technologies. This approach underscores the potential for waste materials to contribute to environmental cleanup processes. The concept of a circular economy is pertinent in this context, emphasizing recycling and reuse. There's an immediate need for international collaboration. Collaboration is needed in policy-making, funding, and data accessibility. Sharing data is essential for the growth of bioremediation globally. [Display omitted] • Co-contamination of tailings has caused catastrophic impacts on the ecological environment. • Mechanisms and field applications of remediation technologies are discussed. • Specialized methods for environmental risk assessment targeted at tailings are needed. • Bioremediation requires oversight to manage risks in challenging tailings. • Combined bioremediation technology coupled with wastes holds great potential for application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A robust metal-free catalytic strategy for the rapid construction of the valuable α-hydroxy-α-CF3-γ-ketoester skeleton with cheap and easily available stock chemicals (alkynes and trifluoropyruvate) as the starting material is described. This protocol shows very good functional group tolerance and is easily scaled up. Importantly, compared with transition metal-catalyzed methods, this strategy is made more environmentally friendly by employing a catalytic amount of H3PO4 as the catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Flavonoids constitute one of the best-characterized groups of plant secondary metabolites with enormous pharmaceutical potential. A flavone type of plant flavonoid, cirsilineol, has been reported to exhibit proapoptotic effects against malignant human cells. Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the antiproliferative effects of cirsilineol against human gastric cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colony formation assays. Apoptosis was detected by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay. Protein expression was examined by western blotting analysis. Results: The results showed cirsilineol inhibits the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells. The IC50 of cirsilineol against human gastric cancer cells (BGC-823, SGC-7901, and MGC-803) ranged from 8 to 10 μM. Nonetheless, cirsilineol exhibited comparatively lower antiproliferative effects against normal GES-1 cells. The IC50 of cirsilineol against normal GES-1 cells was found to be 120 μM. Colony formation assay showed that cirsilineol suppressed the colony formation of BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Acridine orange and ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining showed that cirsilineol induced apoptosis in BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells. The percentage of apoptosis increased from 7.4% in control to 40.5% in BGC-823 cells and from 6.56% in control to 33.53% in MGC-803 cells at 8 μM cirsilineol. Western blotting showed cirsilineol caused an increase in Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and a decrease in Bcl-2 expression in both BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells. Conclusion: Together, the results are indicative of the proapoptotic and antitumor potential of cirsilineol against gastric cancer cells, suggestive of its possible therapeutic significance in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The development of the effective diagnostic method for the determination of cancer biomarkers is one of the most promising strategies for early clinical diagnosis of cancer. Here, based on the preparation of heterogeneous cuprous oxide coated silver (Ag@Cu 2 O) nanocomposites/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4)/cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoarrays structure, a highly sensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor for the examination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been constructed successfully. The combination of photoactive semiconductor materials g-C 3 N 4 and CdS increases the electron transfer rate between them and enhances their photocurrent response, thus greatly increasing the concentration detection range. At the same time, the specific recognition between antigen and antibody is used to form a sandwich structure secondary antibody (Ab 2)/CEA/antibody (Ab 1). And because Ag@Cu 2 O has the function of absorbing light and consuming electron donor. Therefore, the successful measurement of CEA was achieved by labeling Ag@Cu 2 O on Ab 2 and finally immobilizing it on the sensor to correlate the current reduction with the CEA concentration. The sandwich PEC biosensor proposed by this signal amplification strategy under optimal conditions has good analytical performance for CEA, with a wide linear detection range (from 10-5 to 1 ng/mL) and a low detection limit of 0.0011 pg/mL. The PEC biosensor constructed by this method showed high sensitivity, excellent anti-interference ability, favourable repeatability, and good stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the transient stability for dc-link voltage of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine (WT) is studied in detail during low voltage ride-through (LVRT). Firstly, referring to the rotor swing equation of synchronous generator (SG), the nonlinear large-signal model of dc-link voltage is established. In addition, the damping power, static slip power, and dynamic slip power are derived. Consequently, the transient performance of dc-link voltage under the different operation conditions of DFIG is revealed during LVRT. Furthermore, the instability form of dc-link voltage with the moving process of equivalent power angle is analyzed by the energy function of dc-link voltage. In addition, the impacts of dc voltage control loop's parameter, the active current of the stator, and the slip on the stabilization process of dc-link voltage are studied. Analysis result indicates that the insufficient damping and large unbalanced power would deteriorate the transient behavior and steady-state level of dc-link voltage. Therefore, an additional damping and slip power feedforward control strategy is proposed, which can make the transition process of dc-link voltage smoother and significantly improve the voltage steady-state level. Finally, simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractured karstic carbonate reservoirs have obvious multi-scale characteristics and severe heterogeneity due to the development of abundant karst caves and fractures with different scales. Darcy and non-Darcy flows coexist due to this property. Therefore, selecting the appropriate flow equations for different regions in the numerical simulation of fluid flows, particularly two-phase and multiphase flows, is a critical topic. This paper compares and analyses the displacement distance differences of waterfront travel using the Darcy, Forchheimer and Barree–Conway equations, as well as analyzes the influence of the Forchheimer constant, fluid viscosity, flow rate and absolute permeability on inertia action based on the Buckley–Leverett theory. The results show that the Forchheimer number/Reynolds number of water/oil two-phase flow is not a constant value and varies with water saturation, making it difficult to determine whether the inertial action should be considered solely based on these values; the influence of inertial action can be measured well by comparing the difference between the displacement distances of the waterflood front, and the quantitative standard is given for the selection of the flow equation of different regions by calculating the allowable error of the displacement distance of the waterflood front. The magnitude of the inertial effect is affected by the physical properties of the fluid and reservoir medium and the fluid velocity. The smaller the difference in the viscosity of the oil/water fluid, the smaller the inertial effect is. This technique was used a preliminary attempt to analyze the fractured karstic carbonate reservoirs at Tarim, and the results confirmed the validity of the method described in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phospholipase Dα (PLDα), which produces signaling molecules phosphatidic acid (PA), has been shown to play a critical role in plants adapting to salt environments. However, it is unclear whether phospholipase Dδ (PLDδ) can mediate the salt response in higher plants. PePLDδ was isolated from salt-resistant Populus euphratica and transferred to Arabidopsis thaliana to testify the salt tolerance of transgenic plants. The NaCl treatment (130 mM) reduced the root growth and whole-plant fresh weight of wild-type (WT) A. thaliana, vector controls (VC) and PePLDδ-overexpressed lines, although a less pronounced effect was observed in transgenic plants. Under salt treatment, PePLDδ-transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited lower electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde content and H2O2 levels than WT and VC, resulting from the activated antioxidant enzymes and upregulated transcripts of genes encoding superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid peroxidase and peroxidase. In addition, PePLDδ-overexpressed plants increased the transcription of genes encoding the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter (AtSOS1) and H+-ATPase (AtAHA2), which enabled transgenic plants to proceed with Na+ extrusion and reduce K+ loss under salinity. The capacity to regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and K+/Na+ homeostasis was associated with the abundance of specific PA species in plants overexpressing PePLDδ. PePLDδ-transgenic plants retained a typically higher abundance of PA species, 34:2 (16:0–18:2), 34:3 (16:0–18:3), 36:4 (18:2–18:2), 36:5 (18:2–18:3) and 36:6 (18:3–18:3), under control and saline conditions. It is noteworthy that PA species 34:2 (16:0–18:2), 34:3 (16:0–18:3), 36:4 (18:2–18:2) and 36:5 (18:2–18:3) markedly increased in response to NaCl in transgenic plants. In conclusion, we suppose that PePLDδ-derived PA enhanced the salinity tolerance by regulating ROS and K+/Na+ homeostasis in Arabidopsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the prevalence of pseudorabies virus (PRV) has caused huge economic losses to the Chinese pig industry. Meanwhile, PRV infection in humans also sounded the alarm about its cross-species transmission from pigs to humans. To study the regional PRV epidemic, serological and epidemiological investigations of PRV in pig populations from Yunnan Province during 2017–2021 were performed. The results showed that 31.37% (6324/20,158, 95% CI 30.73–32.01) of serum samples were positive for PRV glycoprotein E (gE)-specific antibodies via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The risk factors, including the breeding scale and development stage, were significantly associated with PRV seroprevalence among pigs in Yunnan Province. Of the 416 tissue samples collected from PRV-suspected pigs in Yunnan Province, 43 (10.33%, 95% CI 7.41–13.26) samples were positive for PRV-gE nucleic acid in which 15 novel PRV strains from these PRV-positive samples were isolated, whose gC and gE sequences were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all 15 isolates obtained in this study belonged to the genotype II. Additionally, the gC gene of one isolate (YuN-YL-2017) was genetically closer to variant PRV strains compared with others, while the gE gene was in the same clade with other classical PRV strains, indicating that this isolate might be a recombinant strain generated from the classical and variant strains. The results revealed the severe PRV epidemic in Yunnan Province and indicated that PRV variants are the major genotypes threatening the pig industry development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under grid fault, the grid-connected voltage source converters (VSCs) have the risk of transient synchronization instability during low voltage ride through. Based on the equivalent rotor swing equation of VSC, this letter proposes an improved transient synchronization stability control strategy, which improves the existence of equilibrium points and transient synchronization behaviors of the VSC system. Thus, the transient synchronization stability of grid-connected VSC can be significantly enhanced. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractal characteristic has been considered as the essential parameter to determine transport properties of porous media. Fluid flow in the real porous media is more influenced by the narrow throat system than the relatively large pore system. In this work, the concept of throat fractal dimension is proposed and applied to predict permeability in porous media. First, pore system and throat system of six sandstone rock samples and three carbonate rock samples are divided from the pore network models extracted from rock CT images. Then, fractal dimensions based on the total pore space, pore system and throat system are calculated, respectively, based on the three-dimensional (3D) box-counting method. Three groups of permeabilities are estimated, respectively, using the fractal theory based on the pore space fractal parameter, pore system fractal parameter and the proposed throat system fractal parameter. The results indicate that permeabilities estimated by the proposed throat system fractal parameter are closer to the accurate permeabilities of rock samples compared with that estimated by the pore space fractal parameter and pore system fractal parameter. Our study results reveal that throat fractal dimension should be used to accurately predict fluid transport properties in porous media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune illness that renders individuals vulnerable to neuropsychopathology even in the euthyroid state, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. We hypothesized that activated microglia might disrupt synapses, resulting in cognitive disturbance in the context of euthyroid HT, and designed the present study to test this hypothesis.Methods: Experimental HT model was induced by immunizing NOD mice with thyroglobulin and adjuvant twice. Morris Water Maze was measured to determine mice spatial learning and memory. The synaptic parameters such as the synaptic density, synaptic ultrastructure and synaptic-markers (SYN and PSD95) as well as the interactions of microglia with synapses were also determined.Results: HT mice had poorer performance in Morris Water Maze than controls. Concurrently, HT resulted in a significant reduction in synapse density and ultrastructure damage, along with decreased synaptic puncta visualized by immunostaining with synaptophysin and PSD-95. In parallel, frontal activated microglia in euthyroid HT mice showed increased engulfment of PSD95 and EM revealed that the synaptic structures were visible within the microglia. These functional alterations in microglia corresponded to structural increases in their attachment to neuronal perikarya and a reduction in presynaptic terminals covering the neurons.Conclusion: Our results provide initial evidence that HT can induce synaptic loss in the euthyroid state with deficits might be attributable to activated microglia, which may underlie the deleterious effects of HT on spatial learning and memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synchronization characteristics of phase-locked loop (PLL) based renewable energy generators (REG) are considerably sensitive to the grid condition and the inner sequential switching actions of their control system, especially suffered from grid faults. In this article, the general output characteristics of REG systems are investigated considering the nonlinear behaviour of PLL. In addition, general sequential switching control schemes for the entire grid fault process are introduced. Then, to physically determine and theoretically analyze the transient synchronization stability of REG systems, the synchronization model of a REG system for different fault stages is built and presented in the form of rotor swing equations, which are similar to those of a synchronous generator (SG). The proposed model was able to deduce the characteristics of virtual torque, virtual inertia, and virtual damping coefficient of the REG system, and identify the coupling relationship between the angular frequency/magnitude states of the terminal voltage of the REG system during the synchronization process. Thus, the synchronization stability criteria were proposed based on those of the SG, in which the transient instability phenomenon and mechanism for different fault stages is physically explained by the deduced equal area criteria. Finally, the analysis was verified by simulations and experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MgIn 2 S 4 is a photocatalyst with a suitable band gap for renewable energy production, but its effectiveness is hindered by pronounced photocorrosion, insufficient surface active sites and rapid charge recombination. Herein, we report the synthesis of CoS 2 /MgIn 2 S 4 Ohmic junction with a robust internal electric field. The optimized CoS 2 /MgIn 2 S 4 photocatalyst with a CoS 2 loading of 20.5 wt%, depicts a maximum H 2 evolution rate of 290 μmol g−1 h−1, which is 3.1 times higher than the value of MgIn 2 S 4. The improved photocatalytic activity of CoS 2 /MgIn 2 S 4 can be attributed to the intimate Ohmic junction at the CoS 2 /MgIn 2 S 4 interface, which promotes effective photoelectron transfer from MgIn 2 S 4 to CoS 2. Simultaneously, CoS 2 can act as an efficient surface cocatalyst, with an optimal hydrogen-adsorption Gibbs free energy, enabling highly efficient proton reduction at the catalyst/H 2 O interface. The present work introduces a novel approach to modulate interfaces, creating transition metal sulfide cocatalysts for photocatalysts, resulting in high photocatalytic performance. [Display omitted] • 0D/3D CoS2/MgIn2S4 nanocomposites were successfully synthesized. • CoS2/MgIn2S4 photocatalysts exhibited improved activity and excellent stability. • CoS2/MgIn2S4 showed enhanced photoreactivity due to Ohmic junction with strong IEF. • DFT calculations used to study energy barriers for H2 production over CoS 2 /MgIn 2 S 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate pore-scale modeling demands high-quality digital rock images, which should possess a broad imaging field of view (FOV) and high resolution to characterize multi-scale rock components. However, achieving both conditions simultaneously is challenging due to hardware constraints. Super-resolution techniques can mitigate this issue by reconstructing high-resolution details from low-resolution images captured with a wide FOV. To reconstruct high-quality 3D digital rocks, we propose a novel Efficient Attention Super-Resolution Transformer (EAST) model. It integrates self-attention and channel attention mechanisms and undergoes structural optimization. Evaluation demonstrates that EAST achieves superior reconstruction quality with a 1.85 × speedup while reducing parameters by 78 % over the advanced model. Additionally, to tailor to the characteristics of digital rocks and the constrained dataset, we employ a hybrid loss function along with two data augmentation techniques. Visualizations reveal that EAST can resist noise and blur interference, highlighting valuable features such as pore edges and textures. Ultimately, we introduce an approach based on self-supervised fine-tuning to enhance the model robustness. Direct flow simulation verifies that the reconstructed results closely align with high-resolution images in terms of physical accuracy. EAST reduces the relative error of the absolute permeability by 18.5 % and 33 % over the Tricubic method on two external samples. • The novel Transformer super-resolution model has enhanced digital rocks quality. • Our model is efficient, lightweight and outperforms advanced models. • Our model effectively resists blurring and noise in digital rocks. • A self-supervised fine-tuning method has been introduced to boost model robustness. • Spatial statistics, topology, and permeability have been accurately measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acid mine drainage (AMD) caused environmental risks from heavy metal pollution, requiring treatment methods such as chemical precipitation and biological treatment. Monitoring and adapting treatment processes was crucial for success, but cost-effective pollution monitoring methods were lacking. Using bioindicators measured through 16S rRNA was a promising method to assess environmental pollution. This study evaluated the effects of AMD on ecological health using the ecological risk index (RI) and the Risk Assessment Code (RAC) indices. Additionally, we also examined how acidic metal stress affected the diversity of bacteria and fungi, as well as their networks. Bioindicators were identified using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), Partial least squares regression (PLS-R), and Spearman analyses. The study found that Cd, Cu, Pb, and As pose potential ecological risks in that order. Fungal diversity decreased by 44.88% in AMD-affected areas, more than the 33.61% decrease in bacterial diversity. Microbial diversity was positively correlated with pH (r = 0.88, p = 0.04) and negatively correlated with bioavailable metal concentrations (r = −0.59, p = 0.05). Similarly, microbial diversity was negatively correlated with bioavailable metal concentrations (bio_Cu, bio_Pb, bio_Cd) (r = 0.79, p = 0.03). Acidiferrobacter and Thermoplasmataceae were prevalent in acidic metal environments, while Puia and Chitinophagaceae were identified as biomarker species in the control area (LDA>4). Acidiferrobacter and Thermoplasmataceae were found to be pH-tolerant bioindicators with high reliability (r = 1, P < 0.05, BW > 0.1) through PLS-R and Spearman analysis. Conversely, Puia and Chitinophagaceae were pH-sensitive bioindicators, while Teratosphaeriaceae was a potential bioindicator for Cu–Zn–Cd metal pollution. This study identified bioindicator species for acid and metal pollution in AMD habitats. This study outlined the focus of biological monitoring in AMD acidic stress environments, including extreme pH, heavy metal pollutants, and indicator species. It also provided essential information for heavy metal bioremediation, such as the role of omics and the effects of organic matter on metal bioavailability. [Display omitted] • The order of ecological risk for sources of AMD pollution had been determined to be Cd > Cu > Pb > As. • Three acid indicator species and one bioindicator species for heavy metals were screened. • A tool was provided to assess soil metal contamination and a screening model for bioindicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The tourmalines in Longmenshan are divided into two types, compositionally belongs to alkali group and schorl-dravite solid solution series. • The δ11B of the Tur-I tourmalines indicate the fluids that are responsible for the formation of tourmalines were derived mostly from the granitic magmas with little exotic oxide fluids involved. • The large range of B isotope variation indicates that the Tur-II tourmaline are more obviously affected by fluid activity. Tourmaline is a common mineral in rocks. It can record geological information during its formation and is a geochemical tracer. Its in-situ element and boron isotope tests provide a broader application perspective. Therefore, the chemical and boron isotope characteristics of tourmaline can be used to trace the mineralization of pegmatite-type rare metals. West Kunlun is an important Li-Be metallogenic belt, and many important Li-Be deposits have been developed. Longmenshan is one of the recently discovered pegmatite-type Li-Be deposits in the Dahongliutan area. There are barren and spodumene-bearing pegmatites that all contain tourmaline in Longmenshan. According to their occurrence, crystal form, and chemical composition, the tourmalines in Longmenshan are divided into two types: Tur-I tourmaline in the barren pegmatite close to the granite and Tur-II tourmaline from the spodumene-bearing pegmatite. Compositionally belongs to the alkali group and schorl-dravite solid solution series, with Tur-I being mainly schorl and Tur-II being schorl-dravite. Tur-I tourmalines are rich in Li, Sn, V, Cr, Zn, and Mn, while Tur-II tourmalines are rich in Be, Sr, and Sc. The δ11B of the Tur-I tourmalines hosted in the barren pegmatite and Tur-II from the spodumene-bearing pegmatite ranges from −8.38‰ to −6.81‰ and from −10.00‰ to −6.41‰, respectively. These characteristics indicate that the formation fluid of tourmaline in Longmenshan is mainly derived from magma, and other fluids are rarely involved. The large range of B isotope variation indicates that the Tur-II tourmalines are more obviously affected by fluid activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]