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We demonstrate an all-fiber spatiotemporal mode-locked laser based on graded-index multimode fiber. Due to the high damage threshold of graded-index multimode fiber devices, the output single-pulse energy reach up to 11.67 nJ. The beam quality at mode-locked state is significantly improved compared with continuous wave state as a result of the self-cleaning effect. By amplifying the pulse in the multimode fiber amplifier, high power pulses with high beam quality can be obtained in the all-fiber system based on graded-index MMFs., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures

We firstly report mode-locked square-wave pulse in Yb-doped fiber laser based on graded index multimode fiber of reverse suturable absorption. By adjusting the pump power, the width of the square-wave can be tuned range from 350 ps to 52.6 ns with 3dB bandwidth spectrum of 0.73 nm. The supermode suppression ratio exceeds ~ 65 dB, which indicates excellent mode-locked operation state, and we also study the characteristic of pulse by the chirp measurement system. The mode-locked square-wave pulse fiber laser can sever as high power light source for industrial applications., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

Cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) have a wide range of applications owing to their particular polarization characteristics and optical field distributions. For the first time, an azimuthally polarized fiber laser without any polarization controller is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The scheme is based on a self-designed ring-core fiber and transverse mode filter (TMF). The ring-core fiber can break the degeneracy of LP11 modes and make the TE01 mode propagate stably in the fiber laser. The TMF, which made from the ring-core fiber by depositing a layer of Aluminum on the cladding surface, can effectively suppress the modes other than TE01 mode. The fiber laser can stably operate at TE01 mode with a narrow 30dB linewidth of 0.18nm, which indicates the laser is polarization-maintained. This study opens a new avenue toward the true application of CVBs fiber lasers., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures

We demonstrate an all-fiber mode-locked laser at all-normal dispersion with a saturable absorber, which is based on a section of grade-index multimode fiber with inner microcavity embedded in the splice points. The absorption modulation depth of this nonlinear saturable absorber is 2.2% in the suitable bent state. The fiber laser operates at central wavelength of 1035nm with average power of ~1.26mW, pulse-duration of 17.05 ps, repetition rate of 37.098MHz. This kind of saturable absorber has superiorities of low cost, high stability and high damage threshold, which may facilitate applications in optical sensing, material processing and light detection., Comment: 8 pages

We experimentally demonstrate a linear-cavity all-fiber passively Q-switching cylindrical vector beam (CVB) laser operating in high-order mode. This CVB fiber laser operates without any mode converter which always leads to high insertion loss, and it can realize high efficiency. In this fiber laser, the stable Q-switching pulse is achieved with a slope efficiency of 39%. By properly adjusting the polarization controllers, radially polarized and azimuthally polarized beams can be obtained. Our work proves the feasibility of achieving the stable Q-switching CVB pulse with high-order mode directly oscillating, and it may have an enormous potential for enhancing the efficiency., Comment: 4 pages

A novel mode-locked fiber laser based on offset splicing technology between two kinds of graded index multimode fibers is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The offset splice spot structure acts as a saturable absorber via nonlinear multimodal interference mechanism. The absorption modulation depth of the device is 2.8%, with a saturation intensity of 2.5 MW/cm2. The fiber laser operates at a stable mode-locked state when the pump power reaches 114 mW. The laser oscillates at 1039 nm with a pulsewidth of 17.6 ps, a repetition rate of 32.619 MHz, and a high signal noise ratio of 65 dB. The fiber laser is superior in terms of low cost, high damage threshold, and easy fabrication, thus providing many potential applications in ultrafast photonics and industrial processing., Comment: 8 pages.8 figures

To fulfil both size and power requirements for future photonic integrated circuits, an effective approach is to miniaturize photonic components. Surface plasmon polariton (SPP) is one of the most promising candidates for subwavelength mode confinement, however, structures based on SPP are subject to inevitable high propagation loss. Here, we report an all-dielectric bowtie (ADB) waveguide consisting of two identical silicon wedges embedded in a silica cladding with a nanoscale gap. Because of successive slot and antislot effects, the gap behaves as a 'capacitor-like' energy storage that makes the ADB waveguide have similar or even smaller mode area than the hybrid plasmonic waveguides recently reported. What is more important is that the ADB waveguide supports a quasi-TM eigenmode, which is lossless fundamentally because of no metal constituent. This makes our ADB waveguide have essential development in propagation length compared with the plasmonic waveguide. The ADB waveguide is fully compatible with semiconductor fabrication techniques and could give rise to truly nanoscale semiconductor-based photonics.

We report unidirectional radiation of a magnetic dipole above planar metal surface, the radiation direction can be manipulated via changing the distance between the dipole and the surface. This phenomenon is unique for the combination of magnetic dipole and metal surface and does not happen for linear polarized dipole on metal surface or magnetic dipole on dielectric surface. The underlining physics is analytically disclosed by the interference of two orthogonally-oriented dipole component with \pi/2 phase lag. A substantially different mechanism of introducing the vectorial nature of the dipole itself to control light emission distinguishes the present scheme from nanoantenna and provides a new degree of freedom in light emission engineering.

Employing a medium-dependent quantum optics formalism and a Green function solution of Maxwell's equations, we study the enhanced spontaneous emission factors (Purcell factors) and Lamb shifts from a quantum dot or atom near the surface of a %embedded in a slow-light metamaterial waveguide. Purcell factors of approximately 250 and 100 are found at optical frequencies for $p-$polarized and $s-$polarized dipoles respectively placed 28\thinspace nm (0.02\thinspace $\lambda_{0}$) above the slab surface, including a realistic metamaterial loss factor of $\gamma /2\pi =2 \mathrm{THz}$. For smaller loss values, we demonstrate that the slow-light regime of odd metamaterial waveguide propagation modes can be observed and related to distinct resonances in the Purcell factors. Correspondingly, we predict unusually large and rich Lamb shifts of approximately -1 GHz to -6 GHz for a dipole moment of 50 Debye. We also make a direct calculation of the far field emission spectrum, which contains direct measurable access to these enhanced Purcell factors and Lamb shifts.