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Introduction:Many respiratory but few arterial blood pharmacokinetics of desflurane uptake and disposition have been investigated. We explored the pharmacokinetic parameters in piglets by comparing inspiratory, end-tidal, arterial blood, and mixed venous blood concentrations of desflurane.Methods:Seven piglets were administered inspiratory 6% desflurane by inhalation over 2 h, followed by a 2-h disposition phase. Inspiratory and end-tidal concentrations were detected using an infrared analyzer. Femoral arterial blood and pulmonary artery mixed venous blood were sampled to determine desflurane concentrations by gas chromatography at 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, and 120 min during each uptake and disposition phase. Respiratory and hemodynamic parameters were measured simultaneously. Body uptake and disposition rates were calculated by multiplying the difference between the arterial and pulmonary artery blood concentrations by the cardiac output.Results:The rates of desflurane body uptake increased considerably in the initial 5 min (79.8 ml.min−1) and then declined slowly until 120 min (27.0 ml.min−1). Similar characteristics of washout were noted during the subsequent disposition phase. Concentration–time curves of end-tidal, arterial, and pulmonary artery blood concentrations fitted well to zero-order input and first-order disposition kinetics. Arterial and pulmonary artery blood concentrations were best fitted using a two-compartment model. After 2 h, only 21.9% of the desflurane administered had been eliminated from the body.Conclusion:Under a fixed inspiratory concentration, desflurane body uptake in piglets corresponded to constant zero-order infusion, and the 2-h disposition pattern followed first-order kinetics and best fitted to a two-compartment model.

Abstract Background Workplace bullying experienced by clinical nurses is a critical and pervasive issue that not only detrimentally impacts nurses but also poses a significant threat to the overall quality of nursing services and patient care. This study aimed to determine the mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between workplace bullying and turnover intention among clinical nurses in China. Methods Participants were recruited from 40 hospitals in various provinces of China from December 2, 2021 to February 25, 2023, using convenience sampling. After obtaining hospital ethical approval and participants’ informed consent, clinical nurses (n = 585) from different nursing departments in different hospitals completed the questionnaire. The Socio-demographic Questionnaire, Negative Acts Qestionnaire, Chinese Workers’ Organizational Commitment Scale and Turnover Intention Questionnaire were used to collect general demographic data of nurses and assess workplace bullying they experienced, their level of organizational commitment and turnover intention. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analyses and structural equation model were adopted to analyze the data. Results Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that that workplace bullying was significantly negatively correlated with organizational commitment (r = − 0.512, P

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in circulating small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been suggested to be potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. The present study was designed to explore whether plasma-derived sEV miRNAs could be utilized as diagnostic biomarkers for differentiating between early-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We compared the miRNA profiles of plasma-derived sEVs from healthy individuals, patients with early-stage SCLC and patients with early-stage NSCLC. Next-generation sequencing was used to screen for differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were used to predict the potential functions of these DEMs. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the different pathology-related miRNA modules. We found that 22 DEMs were significantly different among healthy individuals, patients with early-stage SCLC, and patients with early-stage NSCLC. We selected six representative DEMs for validation by qRT‒PCR, which confirmed that miRNA-483-3p derived from plasma sEVs could be used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of early-stage SCLC, miRNA-152-3p and miRNA-1277-5p could be used for the diagnosis of early-stage NSCLC respectively.

Objective To study the antibacterial activity and mechanism of antimicrobial peptide ET12. Methods The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ET12 on clinical common strains was determined by broth dilution method. The effect of ET12 on the biofilm formation and membrane permeability of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) was observed by confocal laser microscopy. The effect of ET12 on the cell morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Defibrillation sheep blood was used to detect the hemolytic activity of ET12. Cell counting Kit-8 assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of ET12. Results ET12 had good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, especially S. epidermidis. The MIC values of ET12 against Gram-positive bacteria were between 8 and 64 μg/mL. ET12 could inhibit the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis, damage the bacterial morphology and enhance cell membrane permeability. Within the effective concentration ranges of antibacterial activity, the hemolysis rate of ET12 on sheep red blood cells was less than 2.5%, and the survival rate of RAW264.7 cells was above 80%. Conclusion ET12 has strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with the cell membrane as target, and has low hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity

Selenium (Se) is essential for human health, however, Se is deficient in soil in many places all around the world, resulting in human diseases, such as notorious Keshan disease and Keshin–Beck disease. Therefore, Se biofortification is a popular approach to improve Se uptake and maintain human health. Beneficial microorganisms, including mycorrhizal and root endophytic fungi, dark septate fungi, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), show multiple functions, especially increased plant nutrition uptake, growth and yield, and resistance to abiotic stresses. Such functions can be used for Se biofortification and increased growth and yield under drought and salt stress. The present review summarizes the use of mycorrhizal fungi and PGPRs in Se biofortification, aiming to improving their practical use.

Solid-state transmitter with large power and high heat flux is a key equipment of an HJ-1-C satellite; therefore, it has a great influence on satellite thermal design. Thermal design ensures that the solid-state transmitter works well within the allowable temperature limits of the equipment. The solid-state transmitter thermal design and solved key problems are provided in accordance with the HJ-1-C characteristics. Moreover, an analysis of satellites on orbit was performed. Based on the telemetry data, the thermal control design is shown to satisfy the temperature requirements of the solid-state transmitter.

Desflurane, with a low blood–gas partition coefficient, is an ideal anesthetic to achieve rapid offset and recovery from general anesthesia. Investigation of desflurane elimination from blood and respiratory gas should provide useful information with respect to a patient's recovery from anesthesia. Therefore, this study is designed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of desflurane elimination after cardiac surgery. Methods: Sixteen patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery were enrolled. At the end of surgery, multiple gas and blood samples were taken in the 20 minutes before and after stopping desflurane administration, with prior maintenance of a fixed 7% inspired desflurane in 6 L/minute oxygen flow for 60 minutes before the cessation. The blood desflurane concentrations, including internal jugular-bulb blood (Jdes), arterial blood (Ades) and pulmonary arterial blood (PAdes) were analyzed using gas chromatography. The inspiratory desflurane concentration (CIdes) and end-tidal desflurane (CEdes) were measured with an infrared analyzer, and cardiac output was measured using an Opti-Q pulmonary artery catheter. Results: Before cessation of desflurane administration, the inspiratory desflurane concentration (CIdes) was relatively higher than end-tidal (CEdes), arterial (Ades), internal jugular-bulb blood (Jdes), and pulmonary (PAdes) concentrations in sequence (CIdes > CEdes > Ades≅ Jdes > PAdes). During the elimination phase, rapid decay occurred in CEdes, followed by Jdes, Ades and PAdes. Twenty minutes after stopping desflurane administration, the desflurane concentrations were: PAdes > Ades≅ Jdes > CEdes. The decay curves of desflurane concentrations demonstrated two distinct elimination components: an initial, fast 5-minute component followed by a slow 15-minute component. Conclusion: Desflurane is eliminated fastest from the lungs, as indicated by CEdes, compared to elimination from circulating blood. The initial, rapid 5-minute desflurane washout reflected the diluting effect of functional residual capacity of the lungs.

Purpose Sevoflurane, with a relative low blood-gas partition coefficient, is an ideal anesthetic to achieve rapid offset and recovery from general anesthesia. This study will determine the profiles of four concentration-time curves to characterize the pharmacokinetics of sevoflurane elimination. Methods Eight patients (aged 54-76 years) undergoing coronary arterial bypass grafting surgery were enrolled in this study. At the end of surgery, anesthetic gas and blood were sampled 20 min before and after stopping sevoflurane administration, with prior maintenance of a fixed 5% inspired sevoflurane (CIsev) in 6 L/min oxygen flow for 60 min before the cessation of sevoflurane administration for the subsequent 20 min elimination. An infrared analyzer was used to determine both CIsev and end-tidal sevoflurane (CEsev). The sevoflurane concentrations in the internal jugular-bulb (Jsev), arterial (Asev) and pulmonary arterial blood (PAsev) were analyzed by gas chromatography, and cardiac output was measured using an Opti-Q pulmonary artery catheter. Results A bi-exponential decay function was the best fit for the CEsev, Jsev, Asev, and PAsev time curves. There were two distinct components, the initial 5-min fast or distribution phase and the subsequent 15-min slow or elimination phase. Before cessation of the sevoflurane supplement, the step-down concentration of sevoflurane was listed in the following order: CIsev > CEsev > Asev [??] Jsev > PAsev. During the elimination phase, the fastest decay occurred in CEsev, followed by Jsev, Asev and PAsev. Therefore, a reverse step-down pattern was observed (PAsev > Asev [??] Jsev > CEsev) after 20 min. The ratio of Asev to CEsev was 89% at baseline before stopping sevoflurane administration, but the ratio of Asev to CEsev increased to 128% at the twentieth min of the sevoflurane elimination phase. Conclusions During elimination, the initial washout of sevoflurane from the functional residual capacity of the lungs was reflected in the fast component of the CEsev, Jsev, Asev, and PAsev time curves. In contrast, the slow component was dominated by the tangible effects of the physiological membrane barriers, such as the alveoli-pulmonary capillary and blood-brain barriers. Keywords Anesthetic * Sevoflurane * Pharmacokinetics * Elimination, Introduction Sevoflurane is widely used in clinical anesthesia because of its relative lack of airway irritation or myocardial suppression effects. It has rapid induction and emergence characteristics compared with other [...]