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Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to higher alcohols is one of the important ways to realize the high value utilization of CO2 and mitigate the greenhouse effect. The research progress on catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to higher alcohols in recent years was reviewed. Firstly, the favorable reaction conditions and catalyst requirements for catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to higher alcohols were analyzed from the thermodynamic point of view. Then the researches of different types of catalysts (precious metal based, copper based, cobalt and molybdenum based catalysts) applicable to the field were introduced. Finally, based on the key intermediates and main reaction pathways, the synthesis mechanisms of catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to higher alcohols were summarized. Through summary and analysis, the main challenges in the research of catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to higher alcohols were pointed out, and the future research direction in the field was prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging process of CO2 hydrogenation through heterogenous catalysis into important bulk chemicals provides an alternative strategy for sustainable and low-cost production of valuable chemicals, and brings an important chance for mitigating CO2 emissions. Direct synthesis of the family of unsaturated heavy hydrocarbons such as α-olefins and aromatics via CO2 hydrogenation is more attractive and challenging than the production of short-chain products to modern society, suffering from the difficult control between C–O activation and C–C coupling towards long-chain hydrocarbons. In the past several years, rapid progress has been achieved in the development of efficient catalysts for the process and understanding of their catalytic mechanisms. In this review, we provide a comprehensive, authoritative and critical overview of the substantial progress in the synthesis of α-olefins and aromatics from CO2 hydrogenation via direct and indirect routes. The rational fabrication and design of catalysts, proximity effects of multi-active sites, stability and deactivation of catalysts, reaction mechanisms and reactor design are systematically discussed. Finally, current challenges and potential applications in the development of advanced catalysts, as well as opportunities of next-generation CO2 hydrogenation techniques for carbon neutrality in future are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15174 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic hydrogenation of CO 2 to value-added fuels and chemicals is of great importance to carbon neutrality but suffers from an activity-selectivity trade-off, leading to limited catalytic performance. Herein, the ZnFeAlO 4 + SAPO-34 composite catalyst was designed, which can simultaneously achieve a CO 2 conversion of 42%, a CO selectivity of 50%, and a C 2 -C 4 = selectivity of 83%, resulting in a C 2 -C 4 = yield of almost 18%. This superior catalytic performance was found to be from the presence of unconventional electron-deficient tetrahedral Fe sites and electron-enriched octahedral Zn sites in the ZnFeAlO 4 spinel, which were active for the CO 2 deoxygenation to CO via the reverse water gas shift reaction, and CO hydrogenation to CH 3 OH, respectively, leading to a route for CO 2 hydrogenation to C 2 -C 4 = , where the kinetics of CO 2 activation can be improved, the mass transfer of CO hydrogenation can be minimized, and the C 2 -C 4 = selectivity can be enhanced via modifying the acid density of SAPO-34. Moreover, the spinel structure of ZnFeAlO 4 possessed a strong ability to stabilize the active Fe and Zn sites even at elevated temperatures, resulting in long-term stability of over 450 h for this process, exhibiting great potential for large-scale applications., Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:The authors declare no competing interest.

The emerging process of CO 2 hydrogenation through heterogenous catalysis into important bulk chemicals provides an alternative strategy for sustainable and low-cost production of valuable chemicals, and brings an important chance for mitigating CO 2 emissions. Direct synthesis of the family of unsaturated heavy hydrocarbons such as α-olefins and aromatics via CO 2 hydrogenation is more attractive and challenging than the production of short-chain products to modern society, suffering from the difficult control between C-O activation and C-C coupling towards long-chain hydrocarbons. In the past several years, rapid progress has been achieved in the development of efficient catalysts for the process and understanding of their catalytic mechanisms. In this review, we provide a comprehensive, authoritative and critical overview of the substantial progress in the synthesis of α-olefins and aromatics from CO 2 hydrogenation via direct and indirect routes. The rational fabrication and design of catalysts, proximity effects of multi-active sites, stability and deactivation of catalysts, reaction mechanisms and reactor design are systematically discussed. Finally, current challenges and potential applications in the development of advanced catalysts, as well as opportunities of next-generation CO 2 hydrogenation techniques for carbon neutrality in future are proposed.

The direct production of liquid fuels from CO 2 hydrogenation has attracted enormous interest for its significant roles in mitigating CO 2 emissions and reducing dependence on petrochemicals. Here we report a highly efficient, stable and multifunctional Na-Fe 3 O 4 /HZSM-5 catalyst, which can directly convert CO 2 to gasoline-range (C 5 -C 11 ) hydrocarbons with selectivity up to 78% of all hydrocarbons while only 4% methane at a CO 2 conversion of 22% under industrial relevant conditions. It is achieved by a multifunctional catalyst providing three types of active sites (Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 5 C 2 and acid sites), which cooperatively catalyse a tandem reaction. More significantly, the appropriate proximity of three types of active sites plays a crucial role in the successive and synergetic catalytic conversion of CO 2 to gasoline. The multifunctional catalyst, exhibiting a remarkable stability for 1,000 h on stream, definitely has the potential to be a promising industrial catalyst for CO 2 utilization to liquid fuels.