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Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are well‐known for their antimicrobial properties, but their widespread use is limited due to suboptimal antimicrobial efficiency and safety concerns. Recent progress in materials science has paved the way for the development of QAC‐based composites (QACCs). QACCs with diverse compositions have shown enhanced antimicrobial effectiveness and biosafety for various applications, such as food packaging, capacitive deionization, and household antimicrobials. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the synthesis approaches and different types of QACCs. Moreover, this review examines their antimicrobial applications, taking the underlying structure‐activity relationship into consideration. In addition, this perspectives are presented on the remaining challenges and future research directions for the further development of QACCs. It is expected that this review will provide a valuable reference for the design of next generation QACC‐based antimicrobial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial infection is a major threat to public health. Nanotechnology offers a solution by combining nanomaterials with antibacterial agents. The development of an effective nanocomposite against drug‐resistant bacteria such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is highly important yet challenging. Here, an anti‐MRSA core–shell structure is designed, containing antibacterial zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) as the core and bactericidal benzalkonium chloride (BAC) templated rough‐surface mesostructured silica nanocomposite (RMSN) as the shell. The resultant ZIF‐8@RMSN nanocomposite exhibits sustained release of BAC and zinc ions, effective disruption of the bacterial membrane, generation of oxidative damage of bacterial DNA, leakage of intracellular components, and finally bacterial death. Furthermore, the synergistic antibacterial mechanisms lead to enhanced biofilm elimination performance. In addition, the ZIF‐8@RMSN‐modified band‐aid effectively combats MRSA infection in vivo. This work has provided a promising nanocomposite against MRSA‐related infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the development of a core-shell structured nanocomposite that can effectively combat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. The nanocomposite consists of a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) as the core and a rough-surface mesostructured silica nanocomposite (RMSN) containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC) as the shell. The nanocomposite releases BAC and zinc ions, which enhance its antibacterial properties and ability to eliminate biofilms. The modified antibacterial band-aid made with this nanocomposite demonstrates excellent efficacy against drug-resistant bacterial infections both in laboratory tests and in vivo. [Extracted from the article]

This study empirically examines the impact of business environments on trade partners' economic growth using the Ease of Doing Business Score of the World Bank's Doing Business project for 2004–2018. The results show that with a threshold level of economic development, business environments have a significant positive impact on trade partners' economic growth, which is the spatial spillover effect of the business environment. Further, we find that this effect is heterogeneous, and it is much easier for a more developed country to drive the economic growth of less developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]