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The temporal and spatial distributions of tropospheric ozone and its precursors (NO2, CO, HCHO) are analyzed over Guangxi (GX) in South China. We used tropospheric column ozone (TCO) from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) onboard the Aura satellite (OMI/MLS), NO2 and HCHO from OMI and CO from the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument in the period 2005-2016. The TCO shows strong seasonality, with the highest value in spring and the lowest value observed in the monsoon season. The seasonal variation of HCHO is similar to that of TCO, while NO2 and CO show slightly different patterns with higher values in spring and winter compared to lower values in autumn and summer. The surface ozone, NO2 and CO observed by national air quality monitoring network sites are also compared with satellite-observed TCO, NO2 and CO, showing good agreement for NO2 and CO but a different seasonal pattern for ozone. Unlike TCO, surface ozone has the highest value in autumn and the lowest value in winter. To reveal the difference, the vertical profiles of ozone and CO from the measurement of ozone and water vapor by airbus in-service aircraft (MOZAIC) observations over South China are also examined. The seasonal averaged vertical profiles of ozone and CO show obvious enhancements at 2-6 km altitudes in spring. Furthermore, we investigate the dependence of TCO and surface ozone on meteorology and transport in detail along with the ECMWF reanalysis data, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3BV42 dataset, OMI ultraviolet index (UV index) dataset, MODIS Fire Radiative Power (FRP) and back trajectory. Our results show that the wind pattern at 800 hPa plays a significant role in determining the seasonality of TCO over GX, especially for the highest value in spring. Trajectory analysis, combined with MODIS FRP suggests that the air masses that passed through the biomass burning (BB) region of Southeast Asia (SEA) induced the enhancement of TCO and CO in the upper-middle troposphere in spring. However, the seasonal cycle of surface ozone is associated with wind patterns at 950 hPa, and the contribution of the photochemical effect is offset by the strong summer monsoon, which results in the maximum surface ozone concentration in post-monsoon September. The variations in the meteorological conditions at different levels and the influence of transport from SEA can account for the vertical distribution of ozone and CO. We conclude that the seasonal distribution of TCO results from the combined impact of meteorology and long-term transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waterfowl industry is an essential part of modern agricultural industry system. Enterprises and breeding farmers in waterfowl industry are new agrcultural business entities, backbones for development of waterowl industry, and man underakers of business risks and major promoters of industry development. From the survey and analysis of several enterprises, farmer and business organizational form of waterfowl industry, it concluded that the business organizational form and the relationship between interested paries exert great influence on the development of waterowl industry. According to these, it came up recommendations including optimizing business organizational form and reasonably selecting logistics mode according to profits and rsks of business entities in the industry chain and man points of input and technological progress, in the hope of helping enterprses to resist rsks, conduct scientific manaement, so as to promote stable development of waterowl industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the rechargeable lithium–sulfurbattery system has attracted significant attention due to its hightheoretical specific energy, its implementation has been impeded bymultiple challenges, especially the dissolution of intermediate lithiumpolysulfide (Li2Sn) speciesinto the electrolyte. Introducing anchoring materials, which can inducestrong binding interaction with Li2Snspecies, has been demonstrated as an effective way to overcomethis problem and achieve long-term cycling stability and high-rateperformance. The interaction between Li2Snspecies and anchoring materials should be studied at the atomiclevel in order to understand the mechanism behind the anchoring effectand to identify ideal anchoring materials to further improve the performanceof Li–S batteries. Using first-principles approach with vander Waals interaction included, we systematically investigate theadsorption of Li2Snspecieson various two-dimensional layered materials (oxides, sulfides, andchlorides) and study the detailed interaction and electronic structure,including binding strength, configuration distortion, and charge transfer.We gain insight into how van der Waals interaction and chemical bindingcontribute to the adsorption of Li2Snspecies for anchoring materials with strong, medium, and weakinteractions. We understand why the anchoring materials can avoidthe detachment of Li2S as in carbon substrate, and we discoverthat too strong binding strength can cause decomposition of Li2Snspecies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superior inbred lines are central to maize breeding as sources of natural variation. Although many elite lines have been sequenced, less sequencing attention has been paid to newly developed lines. We constructed a genome assembly of the elite inbred line KA105, which has recently been developed by an artificial breeding population named Shaan A and has shown desirable characteristics for breeding. Its pedigree showed genetic divergence from B73 and other lines in its pedigree. Comparison with the B73 reference genome revealed extensive structural variation, 58 presence/absence variation (PAV) genes, and 1023 expanded gene families, some of which may be associated with disease resistance. A network-based integrative analysis of stress-induced transcriptomes identified 13 KA105-specific PAV genes, of which eight were induced by at least one kind of stress, participating in gene modules responding to stress such as drought and southern leaf blight disease. More than 200,000 gene pairs were differentially correlated between KA105 and B73 during kernel development. The KA105 reference genome and transcriptome atlas are a resource for further germplasm improvement and surveys of maize genomic variation and gene function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role of PHF8 in lipid deposition for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Topics include PHF8's identification as a ccRCC lipid deposition regulator through CRISPR-Cas9 screening, its regulation by the VHL/HIF axis, and its transcriptional promotion of GLUL, which contributes to ccRCC progression. Inhibition of GLUL not only reduces lipid deposition and tumor growth but also enhances the efficacy of everolimus.

Previous research has found that musicians with absolute pitch showed better cognitive functions. Little is known, however, about how pitch identification (PI) ability is linked to cognitive functions among nonmusicians. In the present study, a PI test and 8 tests tapping the 3 components of executive function (2 tests of the working memory component, 4 on the inhibition component, and 2 on the shifting component) were administered to a large sample (N = 554) of Chinese college students who were nonmusic majors. A subsample with superior PI ability (n = 44) was identified and a matched sample with average PI ability (n = 44) was selected. Two-way ANOVA (PI Ability x Music Training) was conducted on scores from the executive function tests. Results revealed that individuals with superior PI ability showed higher levels in all 3 components of executive functions than those without superior PI ability. Musical training experience (regardless whether it was early or late onset) was positively associated with a measure of working memory and a measure of cognitive inhibition. These results help shed light on the cognitive mechanisms of PI and on the potential benefits of musical training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental challenge of crude oil-contaminated soil is difficult to address due to its complicated components and the mechanism of material transformation. In order to study the bioremediation of soil contaminated by crude oil, we designed five simulation test systems: a sterilization system, an oxygenated and water-controlled system, a nitrogen (N)/phosphorus (P) adjusted system, a broth-added system, and a double-broth-added system. The results show that the highest removal of crude oil from soil was increased to 34.23% by regulating the micro-ecological environment after 91 days in a simulation system. Regulating N and P can effectively strengthen the mineralization action of microorganisms on crude oil. Biodegradation had the most effect on the removal of oil, accounting for more than 58% of the total removal. Moreover, mineralization was dominant in biodegradation. Degradation of crude oil components was alkanes-based, accounting for 50 to 80% of total oil removal. By regulating moisture, temperature, oxygen content, N/P levels, and enrichment broth, the half-life of crude oil in a simulation system can be shortened to 182 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile generic solvothermal alcoholysis strategy is employed to prepare Mo-Sn oxide cage-bell hybrid nanoparticle aggregates. The intrinsic hollow core-shell nature as well as the multi-element characteristics of active components of the unique nanostructures contribute greatly to the enhanced performance as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]