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The consumption of fruit juices remains controversial due to their potentially negative impact on postprandial glycemic response. The aim of this study was to determine the glycemic index and glycemic load of four fruit juices in apparently healthy adult subjects. This study included 16 healthy adults. Each subject consumed the reference food twice and the fruit juices once. The fruit juices studied were orange, papaya, apple, and mango, all freshly pressed with no added sugar. All juices were made from very ripe fruit. Blood glucose levels were measured using a calibrated glucometer (On Call Plus). The glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) were determined using standard methods. The results showed that mango juice had a moderate GI (56.41 ± 3.52) and a high GL (7.46 ± 0.47). Papaya, orange, and apple juices all had low GI (49.67 ± 5.05, 42.97 ± 2.93, and 31.50 ± 3.32, respectively) and low GL (4.23 ± 0.43, 3.91 ± 0.27, and 2.56 ± 0.38, respectively). This study indicates that although the GL of the fruit juices studied was low, particularly mango juice, should be consumed in moderation by diabetic subjects.

In 2018, the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS) introduced acetic acid visual inspection (AAVI) screening program and treatment of cervical precancers with cryotherapy in replacement of Pap smear intervention in Namibia. The study examines the effective use of AAVI-and-cryotherapy treatment on HPV-diagnosed women. Female patients of the reproductive age (20-49 years) group visiting 2 Namibian healthcare facilities for AAVI and cryotherapy treatment were investigated using a cross-sectional approach. The SPSS and coding themes were used to analyze data received through questionnaires and face-to-face interviews from a total of 265 participants. Written informed consent was obtained from participants for treatment and for publication. Among the women that participated in the study, 151 (62%) tested HPV positive, of which 132 (53%) were referred for cryotherapy and 19 (8%) for colposcopy treatments due to Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN I-III) detected. Regardless of the age groups, there was significant evidence of an association between para gravida and HPV positive (χ 2 (6) = 24.518; P

Yam holds the top position in food crop production, and Kponan yam is highly prized by Ivorians. However, storage deterioration poses economic challenges for wholesalers and producers. This study assesses Kponan yam quality in warehouse storage, considering its geographical origin. To achieve this, yams from the Bondoukou, Bouna, and Kouassi-Kouassikro regions were kept at a warehouse in Abidjan, allowing an assessment of alterations, cooking properties, and organoleptic characteristics over a 3-month storage period. Kponan yam tubers were placed on boards at the warehouse's temperature (27.98 °C) and relative humidity (85.61 %). Temperature and humidity levels were recorded three times per week and four times daily at 08:00, 12:00, 16:00, and 20:00. Physical, cooking, and sensory characteristics were checked at harvest and during each month. The results showed that the main damage observed during storage at the warehouse was rotting and dehydration of the tubers. Rot rates were 47.53 % for yams grown in Bondoukou, 51.96 % for those grown in Bouna and 60.65 % for those grown in Kouassi-Kouassikro. Dehydrated tubers rates were 17.88 %, 25.04 % and 29.20 % for yams from Bondoukou, Bouna and Kouassi-Kouassikro, respectively. The browning indices of Kponan yams decrease (P

This study analyzes the relationships between the onset, the duration, and the maximum extent of the Atlantic Cold Tongue (ACT) using ERA5 reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) over the period 1979–2019. After calculating the start and end dates of the ACT each year, this study investigates potential relationships between early or late onset that may be linked to the maximum duration and extent of the ACT, which is known to influence weather patterns and precipitation in surrounding regions and the West African Monsoon System. Results show that 68% of years with a short ACT duration are associated with a late-onset ACT, while 70% of years with a long ACT duration are associated with early ACT onset years. In addition, 63% of years with a short duration of ACT have a cold tongue with a low maximum extent, while 83% of years with a long duration of ACT have a cold tongue with a greater maximum extent. Finally, 78% of early ACT onset years are associated with the coldest SST tongue in the eastern equatorial Atlantic Ocean. A comparison of the last 20 years (1999–2019) with the previous 20 years (1979–1998) shows a cooling trend in SST, with ACT occurring and ending earlier in recent years than in the past. However, as the changes in the end date are greater than those in the onset date, the duration of the ACT has been 5–12 days shorter in the last 20 years than in the previous 20 years. Knowledge of these ACT characteristics and their interrelations and drivers is crucial for understanding the West African Monsoon System and for improving climate models and seasonal forecasts.

The aim of this study is to characterize the compound extremes of rainfall and temperature in Côte d’Ivoire. For this purpose, we analyzed the outputs of fourteen (14) climate models from the CORDEX-Africa project. Results show an increase (approximately 4.3 °C) in the surface temperature and a decrease (5.90%) of the mean rainfall in the near (2036–2065) and far futures (2071–2100) over Côte d’Ivoire during the January–February–March (JFM) period. The analysis of the compound extremes of the wet/warm type highlights an increase in the frequency of this climatic hazard in the northern and central parts of the country during the January–March (JFM) season in the near and far futures. The dry/warm mode will increase in the central and southern parts of the country in the near future and in the whole country in the far future. These increases in compound extremes could lead to an increase in droughts and natural disasters across the country and could have a negative impact on socio-economic activities, such as transportation and agricultural production. This work could provide decision support for political decision-makers in formulating future public policies for managing agricultural production, food security, and natural disasters.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects on laying performance, egg quality traits, color, and composition of supplementing a white corn-based diet with Desmodium tortuosum leaf flour. Three hundred 32-week-old hens were distributed to 30 pens of 10 hens each and allocated to six dietary treatments (five replicates per treatment) for 13 weeks. Two control groups of 50 hens received one of either diet Y, based on yellow corn, or diet W, based on white corn. The other groups received a diet based on white corn supplemented with Desmodium tortuosum leaf flour at 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, or 10% (diet D). Diet D improved laying performance and yolk color at a reduced feed cost per egg but had no effect on cholesterol content. In conclusion, the inclusion of Desmodium tortuosum leaf flour, in a white corn-based diet, is effective in lowering feed cost, increasing egg production, and improving yolk color.

Few standardized language assessments are adapted to different cultural and linguistic contexts to assess children's first language (L1) abilities. We introduce the Ivorian Children's Language Assessment Toolkit for measuring phonological awareness, vocabulary, oral comprehension, and tone awareness in the Abidji, Attié, and Baoulé languages of Côte d'Ivoire. Six hundred and three primary-school children (age 4-14) completed language assessments in their L1 and French. The toolkit provided a reliable and comprehensive assessment of children's language abilities. We observed age- and grade-related increases in all subtest scores. Still, children scored higher in their L1 compared to French, highlighting the need for language assessments in a bilingual's two languages to achieve an accurate measure of children's language abilities. The ability to benchmark children's scores relative to age- and grade-norms are discussed in the context of language of instruction education policies as well as the potential use of age- and grade-norms in identifying children with language impairment and/or children who are at risk for reading difficulties due to poor language skills.

Abstract Background The aim of this work is to share the authors’ experience and assist therapeutic decision-making in the management of Lemierre syndrome (LS). This is a retrospective descriptive study carried out in the stomatology, maxillofacial surgery, and ENT departments of the teaching hospital of Treichville (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire). LS cases managed from 2013 to 2023 were included in the study. Results Eight patients were enrolled (six men and two women). Internal jugular vein thrombosis was unilateral in 7 cases and bilateral in one. No germs were found in four patients. In one patient, a bacterial co-infection was responsible for the thrombosis. Surgical debridement was systematically performed in cases of necrosis. Anticoagulation was justified in three patients. No deaths were observed. Conclusion This work describes the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary aspects of LS. The management of LS should not be improvised. The choice of surgical debridement and anticoagulation depends on specific situations.

The aim of this study is to characterize the compound extremes of rainfall and temperature in Côte d'Ivoire. For this purpose, we analyzed the outputs of fourteen (14) climate models from the CORDEX-Africa project. Results show an increase (approximately 4.3 °C) in the surface temperature and a decrease (5.90%) of the mean rainfall in the near (2036–2065) and far futures (2071–2100) over Côte d'Ivoire during the January–February–March (JFM) period. The analysis of the compound extremes of the wet/warm type highlights an increase in the frequency of this climatic hazard in the northern and central parts of the country during the January–March (JFM) season in the near and far futures. The dry/warm mode will increase in the central and southern parts of the country in the near future and in the whole country in the far future. These increases in compound extremes could lead to an increase in droughts and natural disasters across the country and could have a negative impact on socio-economic activities, such as transportation and agricultural production. This work could provide decision support for political decision-makers in formulating future public policies for managing agricultural production, food security, and natural disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The lives of individuals affected by sickle cell disease are marked by painful crises sometimes accompanied by complications. Curative treatments such as bone marrow transplantation or gene therapy exist, but are not currently performed in Côte d'Ivoire. Treatment with hydroxyurea remains an effective alternative. The aim of our study is to contribute to improving the management of children with sickle cell disease. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study from November 2017 to April 2019 at the at the Yopougon University Hospital. Children aged 5 to 15 years experiencing at least 3 vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) per year were included in the study after obtaining informed and written consent from their parents. Each patient received a daily dose of 15mg/kg of hydroxyurea. Results: The mean age of the children was 9 years. More than 75% of patients were homozygous SSFA2 major sickle cell individuals. After 6 months on hydroxyurea, our study observed rates of 84.4%, 100%, and 97.8%, respectively, for the absence of vaso-occlusive crises, hospitalization, and transfusion. Biologically, from M0 to M12 the mean hemoglobin level increased significantly, from 7.24 to 8.55 g/dL; white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts decreased; Fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) increased significantly from 10.3% to 19.7%. Biochemical parameters within normal ranges, except for a moderate treatment-related increase in transaminases. Conclusion: The induction of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) production through hydroxyurea intake is the primary mechanism by which hydroxyurea modifies the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease

Diphallia, or penile duplication, is a rare congenital urological malformation. It may be associated with other congenital malformations. The objective of present paper is to report the case of a two-year boy with ventral duplication of the penis associated with proximal hypospadias. The ventral penis was amputated, and Duckett urethroplasty was done. There were no reported postoperative complications in the follow-up.

Abidjan, the economic capital of Côte d'Ivoire, has several coconut water sale points in the streets. This natural beverage was very appreciated by people. Coconut waters from several varieties of coconut trees were proposed to consumers. Thus, the biochemical, nutritional, and microbiological properties of coconut water could be influenced by the variety of coconut tree. The purpose of this study was to provide the social and scientific data of coconut water sold in Abidjan streets. The study has been carried in two steps. The first step aimed to determine the knowledge level of coconut water and the reasons for consumption and the second phase regarded to analyse physicochemical, biochemical and functional properties of coconut water samples from different varieties of coconut trees. The survey through questionnaire revealed that coconut water was well known by consumers (100%) and it was consumed for its strengthen (33.33%), digestive (29.33%) and refreshing (28.34%) properties. Physicochemical, biochemical and functional properties were influenced by the variety of coconut tree. Microbiological quality of all samples in this study was not acceptable. Microbial load requires Aerobic Mesophilic Germs (AMG) to have a count of less than 5.103 UFC/mL, fewer than 10 total coliforms, and no faecal coliforms. Coconut water samples from coconut tree dwarf (CWD) were characterized by contents of fat (0.335%), titratable acidity (0.202%), total flavonoids (0.381 µg/mL QE), total phenols (0.177 µg/mL GAE), proteins (0.291%), phosphorus (0.05 mg/L) and energy value (20.21 Kcal/100 mL). The coconut water samples from coconut tree tall (CWT) were characterized by calcium (1.14 mg/L), pH (5.59), ash (0.470%), total soluble solids (5.06 °Brix), moisture (94.96%) and Calcium phosphorus ratio contents (Ca:P) (57). The coconut water samples from the streets (CWS) were characterized by contents of fiber (0.0355%), carbohydrate (4.38%), dry matter (5.09%), (total coliforms ((1.4 ± 0.4)108)CFU/mL, aerobic mesophilic germs ((4.7 ± 1.2)109)CFU/mL, antiradical activity (DPPH) (65.14±0.005%), condensed tannins (0.260±0.05 µg/mL CE) and of phosphorus (0.05 mg/L). Overall, statistical analyses showed a significant difference (P

Abstract Background The use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) is one of the main malaria prevention method promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Côte d'Ivoire. LLIN-coverage has reached 95% since 2015 and nearly 16 million LLINs were distributed in 2017. Despite these efforts, malaria incidence at the national level remains high (120‰ in 2012 to 164‰ in 2017) although this could be partly explained by increased screening efforts. This study aimed at determining what preventative measures were used against mosquito bites, as well as LLIN maintenance practices used by the inhabitants of the city of Bouaké, capital city of the Gbêkê region with a malaria incidence of 257‰ in 2017. Methods A descriptive qualitative investigation took place in Bouaké, in four neighbourhoods that were selected through purposive sampling based on their social composition. Data were collected using an interview guide based on convenience sampling. Results The results of the study reveal that LLINs are the most reported used malaria prevention measure (66.4%). Environmental health (28.8%) came second in their declarations, smoke coils (23.5%) third and aerosol cans (18.8%) last. The percentage of respondents who answered that they had slept under an LLIN the previous night was 53%. 57.7% reported that they wash their LLINs, 12.1% that they do not wash them, and 4% that they replace dirty LLINs with new ones. The LLINs washing methods described by the respondents did not comply with the WHO recommendations and there was no mention of LLINs repairs. Conclusion Despite mass distributions of LLINs in Côte d'Ivoire, this key malaria control tool remains under-used by the population. Regarding LLIN maintenance, more than half of the population reports that they wash their nets while not complying with recommended practices or repairing them.