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Partial Cr substitution for V in the V4C3Tx MXene promotes the capacitance, discharging potential, and cycle stability of in-plane ZMSCs. The device exhibits a high areal energy density of 51.12 μW h cm−2 and flexibility index of 100.

(1) Background: Multimorbidity has become one of the key issues in the public health sector. This study aims to explore the patterns and health-ecological factors of multimorbidity in China to propose policy recommendations for the management of chronic diseases in the elderly. (2) Methods: A multi-stage random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 3637 older adults aged 60 and older in Shanxi, China. Association rule mining analysis (ARM) and network analysis were applied to analyze the patterns of multimorbidity. The health-ecological model was adopted to explore the potential associated factors of multimorbidity in a multidimensional perspective. A hierarchical multiple logistic model was employed to investigate the association strengths reflected by adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence. (3) Results: Multimorbidity occurred in 20.95% of the respondents. The graph of network analysis showed that there were 6 combinations of chronic diseases with strong association strengths and 14 with moderate association strengths. The results of the ARM were similar to the network analysis; six dyadic chronic disease combinations and six triadic ones were obtained. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression indicated that innate personal traits (age, history of genetics, and body mass index), behavioral lifestyle (physical activity levels and medication adherence), interpersonal network (marital status), and socioeconomic status (educational level) were the common predictors of multimorbidity for older adults, among which, having no family history was found to be a relative determinant as a protective factor for multimorbidity after controlling the other covariates. (4) Conclusions: multimorbidity was prevalent in older adults and most disease combinations are associated with hypertension, followed by diabetes. This shows that diabetes and hypertension have a high prevalence among older adults and have a wide range of associations with other chronic diseases. Exploring the patterns and associated factors of multimorbidity will help the country prevent complications and avoid the unnecessary use of the health service, adopting an integrated approach to managing multimorbidity rather than an individual disease-specific approach and implementing different strategies according to the location of residence.

In recent years, an increasing number of women participate in population mobility and most of them are of childbearing age. With the continuous expansion of the population size of this group, their fertility intention will have a great impact on the development of China’s population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the fertility intention and influencing factors on having a second child in floating women. This study employed the data from the 2018 National Migrants Dynamic Monitoring Survey data. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect information, such as socio-demographics and fertility intention. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out to obtain the basic characteristics of the main variables. Chi-square and ANOVA tests were used to analyze the differences in the basic characteristics between three groups of women (with intention, without intention and unsure about having a second child). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to analyze influencing factors associated with fertility intention among the floating women. The results of this study indicated that only 13.07% of the floating women had the intention to have a second child, while 67.73% had no intention of having another child. In the multivariate analysis, age, gender and age of the first child, reproductive health education, employment status and medical insurance were found to be significant influencing factors of fertility intention (p < 0.05), while education level and household registration type were not associated with the desire to have a second child (p > 0.05). Overall, after the implementation of the universal two-child policy, floating women of childbearing age have reduced intention to have a second child. Reproductive health education and medical insurance play an important role in ensuring the fertility of floating women. This reminds government departments to consider the above factors comprehensively when formulating the next work plan.

Objectives Previous literature has shown that chronic diseases and psychological distress are correlated. However, the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship have not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of this study was to explore the role played by activities of daily living (ADL) and perceived social support. Method Face-to-face questionnaire-based surveys were conducted with 3250 valid participants (age ≥60 years). Participants were assessed using the Barthel Index, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Results 1) Chronic diseases had a significant direct effect on psychological distress in older adults; 2) the relationship between chronic diseases and psychological distress was partially mediated by ADL; and 3) the impact of chronic diseases on psychological distress was significantly moderated by perceived social support. More importantly, perceived social support was a protective factor that could effectively alleviate the adverse effects of chronic diseases on psychological distress. Conclusion The results add to the existing literature by uncovering the underlying mechanisms between chronic diseases and mental health. These findings have implications for early intervention and prevention of mental health problems in older adults.

Adolescents' sleep problems and their association with mental health is an important public health concern. This study aimed to investigate sleep and mental health status and the association of sleep with mental health in Chinese high school students. Data came from a cross-sectional study in Guangdong province which included 42,077 high school students. Sleep quality and sleep duration were obtained through self-report. The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to measure mental health. The association between sleep quality, sleep duration, and mental health was analysed using logistic regression. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were 35.27%, 42.32%, and 21.87% in high school students, respectively. And only 17.71% and 34.41% of the high school students had very good sleep quality and ≥8 h sleep duration, respectively. Poorer sleep quality and shorter sleep duration were risk factors for mental health problems in high school students. Compared to high school students with very good sleep quality and ≥8 h sleep duration, the high school students with poor or very poor sleep quality and6 h sleep duration had the highest risk of depression symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 5.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.40-5.72), anxiety symptoms (OR 6.02, 95% CI5.25-6.89), and stress symptoms (OR 6.12, 95% CI5.30-7.06). Considering the combined association of sleep quality and sleep duration on mental health, it is important not only to ensure that high school students have sufficient sleep duration, but also to improve their sleep quality.

Jiachi Zhang,1 Shujuan Xiao,1,2 Lei Shi,1 Yaqing Xue,1,2 Xiao Zheng,1,2 Fang Dong,1 Benli Xue,1 Chichen Zhang1,3,4 1School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Institute of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Chichen Zhang, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, No. 1023 Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-20-61648756, Email zhangchichen@sina.comPurpose: Urban-rural health disparity is one of the most prominent challenges in China today. The goal of this study is to find differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its associated factors among older people in urban and rural areas.Methods: A multi-stage stratified sampling method was conducted in Shanxi Province, with a total of 3250 older adults participated in this cross-sectional survey. HRQoL was assessed using the Chinese version of the EQ-5D-5L. Tobit regression models were employed to identify associated factors for HRQoL.Results: The mean EQ-5D utility score of the total sample was 0.87± 0.23, with a statistically significant difference observed between urban (0.89 ± 0.22) and rural areas (0.86 ± 0.23). Obesity (Coe=− 0.10, p=0.021) and nutrition awareness (Coe=− 0.14, p=0.009) were two unique associated factors to rural older adults’ HRQoL. While, age (Urban: Coe=0.13, p=0.001; Rural: Coe=− 0.019, p< 0.001), socioeconomic status (Urban: Coe=0.13, p< 0.001; Rural: Coe=0.14, p< 0.001), number of chronic non-communicable diseases (Urban: Coe=− 0.20, p< 0.001; Rural: Coe=− 0.15, p< 0.001), sleep quality (Urban: Coe=− 0.22, p< 0.001; Rural: Coe=0.15, p< 0.001) and daytime sleepiness (Urban: Coe=− 0.13, p< 0.001; Rural: Coe=− 0.13, p< 0.001) were found to be associated with HRQoL regardless of the residential area.Conclusion: This study suggested that rural older adults are facing HRQoL disadvantages compared to those in urban area. Accordingly, more attention should be devoted to rural older adults’ HRQoL, particularly to the unique factors like body weight and nutrition awareness. Targeted policies and interventions should be implemented to improve HRQoL and bridge the urban-rural HRQoL gap.Keywords: health-related quality of life, HRQoL, older adults, urban and rural, health management

Depression is the most frequent psychiatric disorder among the older adults, the purpose of this study is to explore the mediation effect of health promoting lifestyle on the relationship between Socioeconomic Status (SES) and depression, so as to provide practical reference for effectively preventing and alleviating depression of the older adults.A multi-stage random sampling method was conducted in Shanxi Province. A total 8526 older adults were included in the analysis. Regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between the socioeconomic status, health promoting lifestyle and depression, and the mediation effect test process was used to verify the mediating mechanism of health promoting lifestyle on this relationship.62.1% of the older adults had depression symptoms in this study, and there were significant differences in depression scores among the older adults with gender, age, residence, marital status, endowment pattern, self-care ability, exercise frequency, physical examination frequency, daily diet rules(P0.05). The results of mediating effect analysis showed that health promoting lifestyle as mediation effect between social economic status and depression was established, and the mediating effect was accounted for (a*b/c) 63.1%.Given the cross-sectional study, it is not possible to make causal inferences.There were different degrees of depression in the older adults. The lower the SES is, the higher the risk of depression is. This result once again confirms the social causation theory. Combined with the theory of health risk behavior, the study further confirmed the applicability of lifestyle mechanism in the intermediate mechanism of the relationship between SES and depression in the elderly. Thus, in addition to providing material support and financial assistance, helping the elderly develop a healthy lifestyle is also effective measure to improve their depression.

Adverse childhood experiences are co-occurring factors of multimorbidity and depression in mid-late life, but the combined effect of ACEs and multimorbidity on depression over life has not been fully studied.We used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study which includes 4,440 middle-aged and older adults. Different types of ACEs experienced up to the age of 17 were assessed based on self-reports. We used parallel process Latent Growth Curve modelling to evaluate the longitudinal mediation role of ACEs, multimorbidity and depression.People who had more ACEs were found to have a higher level of multimorbidity (intercept: 0.057, 95% CI: 0.031 to 0.079) and depression (intercept: 0.047, 95% CI: 0.013 to 0.076) at the baseline and a faster increase in multimorbidity (slope: 0.107, 95%CI: 0.078 to 0.136) and depression (slope: 0.074, 95%CI: 0.035 to 0.153). The mediation analysis indicated that there was a positive indirect association of ACEs via the multimorbidity intercept with the intercept of depression (0.028, 95%CI: 0.012 to 0.043), and a small negative association with the slope of depression (-0.002, 95%CI: -0.003 to -0.001). We also found a positive indirect association of ACEs via the multimorbidity slope with the intercept (0.035, 95%CI: 0.021 to 0.049) and slope (0.008, 95%CI: 0.004 to 0.011) of depression.ACEs were related to higher depression partly via elevated multimorbidity. Public health services and behavioural interventions to prevent and reduce the occurrence of ACEs might help to lower the risk of multimorbidity and depression in later life.

Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) which aims to estimate trajectories for objects of interest in videos, is a crucial component in intelligent transportation systems and has gained considerable attention from both academia and industry. However, existing MOT approaches apply simple motion and appearance features, ignoring the spatial-temporal correlations of interactions with other objects. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a novel MOT framework ST-Tracking to extract spatial-temporal features for tracking objects, which is trained in an end-to-end manner. Specifically, a directed graph is first constructed to represent the spatial-temporal correlations, where the node attributes include both geometric and appearance features, and the edges are deliberately defined to embrace location and topology cues. Then, a spatial-temporal graph convolutional module is proposed to aggregate information from both spatial and temporal dimensions, thus extracting discriminative features. Extensive experiments on the challenging KITTI benchmark demonstrate the effectiveness and superior of ST-Tracking as compared with several state-of-the-art methods.

Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder among older adults. This study aimed to explore the mediating effect of sleep quality on the relationship between chronic diseases and depressive symptoms, and the moderating role of empty nest status in the mediating model.A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3637 older adults from Taiyuan, China, using a multi-stage random cluster sampling method. The data was collected with the general questionnaire for the elderly, with the Short Form Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The Bootstrap program and simple slope method were used to test the mediating effect of sleep quality and the moderating effect of empty nest status.The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms in the population was 33.4%. The mediating effect analysis showed that chronic diseases had a significant direct impact on depressive symptoms in the elderly (β = 0.431, P 0.001). Sleep quality as a mediation effect of 43.4% between chronic diseases and depressive symptoms was proven. The further moderating effect found that chronic diseases had a more significant impact on the sleep quality of the elderly who are in the empty nest status than those who are not (β = -0.431, P0.05 ).Given the cross-sectional study, the results cannot explain the causal relationships among the study variables.Chronic diseases had a major impact on the depressive symptoms of the elderly. Sleep quality mediated the relationship between chronic diseases and depressive symptoms, and the empty nest status moderated the first half of the path in the mediation model. Therefore, to reduce the incidence of the depressive symptoms of the elderly, sleep quality and empty nest status should be the primary concern.

Few studies have shed light on the mechanisms underlying the link between activities of daily living (ADL) and psychological distress. This study aimed to explore the multiple mediating roles of loneliness and sleep quality in this relationship among Chinese older adults.A total of 3250 older adults completed the Barthel Index, UCLA 20-item Loneliness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale Questionnaire. Serial multiple mediation analysis was conducted using Hayes' PROCESS macro.ADL was found to directly impact psychological distress through three significant mediation pathways: (1) loneliness (B=-0.124, 95% CI=-0.140, -0.109), which accounted for 23.98% of the total effect, (2) sleep quality (B=-0.050, 95% CI=-0.063, -0.039), which accounted for 9.67% of the total effect, and (3) loneliness and sleep quality (B=-0.015, 95% CI=-0.020, -0.012), accounting for 2.91% of the total effect. The total mediating effect was 36.56%.The cross-sectional design we used limited causal interpretations. Future studies could examine longitudinal changes in outcome measures.These findings highlight the role of loneliness and sleep quality as serial mediators of the relationship between ADL and psychological distress. Thus, for the early detection and prevention of psychological distress, it is necessary to conduct loneliness and sleep quality interventions for older adults with ADL limitations.

Background As China’s aging trend intensifies and the proportion of empty nests increases, the health-related quality of life of the elderly is the focus of social attention. Previous studies focused on the quality of life of the elderly, rather than empty nesters, and lacked the discussion of the mechanism of influencing factors. Thus, this study aimed to explore the influencing factors of the quality of life (QOL) and interaction mechanisms among empty nesters in Shanxi Province, China, so as to provide practical reference for improving the QOL of empty nesters. Methods A total of 4901 empty nesters in Shanxi Province, China, were selected using multi-stage random cluster sampling method in this cross-sectional study. The quality of life was assessed with the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). Multiple linear regression analysis (stepwise) was performed to examine the factor associated with QOL. Structural equation model (SEM) approach was conducted to test the direct and indirect association between QOL influencing factors with QOL. Results The average QOL score of empty nesters was 63.34 (SD = 17.23). The multiple linear regression revealed that gender, age, education, monthly income, drinking status, exercise frequency, physical examination frequency, attention to daily nutritional health, relationship with a spouse and relationship with children were significant predictors of the empty nester’s QOL (P R2 = 0.128). SEM showed that behavioral lifestyle had a direct effect on QOL (β = 0.446, P β = 0.288, P β = 0.115, P Conclusion Behavioral lifestyle was the strongest influencing factor in the quality of life among empty nesters, followed by socio-economic status and family relationships. Thus, maintaining a healthy behavioral lifestyle was important to improve the QOL of the empty nesters. Our findings provide a concrete and strong reference for the formulation of targeted intervention strategies.

Health promoting lifestyle (HPL) may be a facilitator for empty nesters' active aging against depression. Social support (SS) may improve their HPL. This study aimed to examine moderating effect of SS and its three sources of SS on relationship between depression and HPL among empty nesters. The compensating role of socioeconomic status (SES) for lack of SS was examined, too.A cross-sectional survey of empty nesters (n = 1593) was conducted in six districts of Taiyuan, China, using a stratified random cluster sampling method. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess moderation models by SS and its three sources.The findings indicated that low depression (p 0.001) and sufficient perceived SS (p 0.001) could directly predict better HPL among empty nesters. The effect of SS on HPL declined with the raise of educational level (p 0.001). Family support (β = 0.083, p 0.001), friends support (β = 0.085, p 0.001) and others support (β = 0.098, p 0.001) expressed significant negative buffer effects on depression and HPL individually.There was a cross-sectional study that limited the moderating effect of SS on depression and HPL just for empty nesters in Taiyuan, China. The results cannot explain the causal relationships among the study variables.SS might be a protective factor of empty nesters' health in China. Three sources of SS all showed moderating effect on the relationship between depression and HPL among empty nesters, and should be integrated to achieve maximum utility. Friends support/ others support could play complement role for lack of family support. SES expressed partial compensatory for lack of SS.

Background In China, aging has become a serious social problem, and the number of empty-nest elderly is on the rise. The aim of this study is to clarify the prevalence of depressive symptoms among empty-nest elderly in Shanxi province and evaluate the effects of sociodemographic factors and health-promoting lifestyles so as to provide a scientific reference for preventing and intervening their depression. Methods A cross-sectional study, which used a multi-stage random cluster sampling way, was conducted among 4901 empty-nest elderly in Shanxi. An independent t-test and a chi square test were used to compare the sociodemographic factors, depression scores, and health-promoting lifestyle scores of the empty-nest elderly. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the potential influencing factors for depression. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the population was 64.2%. Among all participants 1,776 (36.2%) had mild depression, 1,236 (25.2%) had moderate depression, and 135 (2.8%) had severe depression. The health-promoting lifestyle of the empty nesters in this study was at the medium level (2.51 ± 0.47). Gender, education level, old-age provision model, exercise frequency, chronic disease, relationships with children, self-care ability, and health-promoting lifestyles were found to be influencing factors of depression and all variables had different effects on different degrees of depression. Limitations This was a cross-sectional study, so the results cannot establish causal relationships among the study variables. Conclusions Depression was prevalent among the empty-nest elderly in Shanxi. Maintaining good interpersonal relationships, developing extensive interests, and maintaining healthy lifestyles including good nutrition habits and regular exercises can reduce the incidence of depression among empty nesters.

sBackgroundIn China, more and more older people have encountered a situation called “empty nest.” Meanwhile, the health status of empty-nest older adults is an increasing public health concern. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of Self-Mutual-Group (SMG) model in improving quality of life of the empty-nest older adults to provide a scientific evidence for improving their health.MethodsA prospective intervention study was conducted among empty-nest older adults in Taiyuan, Shanxi. Multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling was employed to selected participants. A total of 396 empty nesters were enrolled as participants, of which 204 and 192 were in the intervention and control group, respectively. The intervention group received a seven-month SMG-based intervention. A participant’s quality of life was measured at the baseline and seven months after using the Short Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36).ResultsNo significant difference was found between the intervention and control groups in terms of participant characteristics at baseline (P > 0.05). After the intervention, participants’ scores on Mental Component Summary (MCS), Physical Component Summary (PCS), role emotional (RE), vitality (VT), social function (SF), mental health (MH) and general health (GH) increased significantly in the intervention group. Additionally, these scores differed significantly from those in the control group (P ConclusionThis study showed that the SMG-based health management is effective in improving quality of life among empty-nest older adults after seven months.Trial registrationStudy on the ‘SMG’ Health Management Model Based on Community Organization Theory among empty-nest older adults (ChiCTR1800015884). Registration date: 26-04-2018. Retrospectively registered.

Key Points Question What factors are associated with self-reported psychological distress among school-aged children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic? Findings In this cross-sectional study including 1 199 320 children and adolescents, the prevalence of self-reported psychological distress was 10.5%. Students who never wore a face mask were at higher risk for psychological distress compared with students who wore a face mask frequently, as were students who spent less than 0.5 hours exercising compared with students who spent more than 1 hour in exercising. Meaning These findings suggest that the prevalence of self-reported psychological distress among school-aged children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic was relatively high., This cross-sectional study examines risk factors and prevalence of self-reported psychological distress among school-aged children and adolescents in China during the COVID-19 pandemic., Importance Schools have been suspended nationwide in 188 countries, and classes have shifted to home-based distance learning models to control the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Additional information is needed to determine mental health status among school-aged children and adolescents during this public health crisis and the risk factors associated with psychological distress during the pandemic. Objective To assess self-reported psychological distress among school-aged children and adolescents associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study using data from a survey on the mental health of school-aged children and adolescents in Guangdong province, China, conducted by using a stratified cluster random sampling method between March 8 to 30, 2020. To estimate outcomes associated with location of districts, only data from students with internet protocol addresses and current addresses in Guangdong were included. Data were analyzed from April 5 to July 20, 2020. Exposure Home-based distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Main Outcome and Measures The main outcome was self-reported psychological distress, measured using the total score on the 12-item General Health Questionnaire of 3 or greater. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors associated with mental health status. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to analyze the associations of factors with psychological distress. Results Among 1 310 600 students who completed the survey, 1 199 320 students (mean [SD] age, 12.04 [3.01] years; 619 144 [51.6%] boys) were included in the final analysis. A total of 126 355 students (10.5%) self-reported psychological distress. Compared with students in primary school, high school students had increased risk of psychological distress (OR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.15-1.23]). Compared with students who wore a face mask frequently, students who never wore a face mask had increased risk of psychological distress (OR, 2.59 [95% CI, 2.41-2.79]). Additionally, students who spent less than 0.5 hours exercising had increased odds of self-reported psychological distress compared with students who spent more than 1 hour exercising (OR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.61-1.67]). Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that the prevalence of self-reported psychological distress among students during the COVID-19 pandemic was relatively high. Frequency of wearing a face mask and time spent exercising were factors associated with mental health. Therefore, it may be necessary for governments, schools, and families to pay attention to the mental health of school-aged children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and take corresponding countermeasures to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students’ mental health.

Additional file 1. A Study on Quality of Life of the Empty-nest Older adults.

Background: The presence of multiple chronic diseases has become a public health issue worldwide. The study aimed to explore the patterns and related influencing factors of multiple chronic diseases among the elderly so as to provide a scientific reference for the health management strategy, which is dedicated to the prevention and intervention for multiple chronic diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study, which used a multi-stage random sampling way, was conducted among 3266 elderly aged 60 years and above in Shanxi. A chi square test was used to compare the sociodemographic factors. The data mining methods, including association rule and decision tree, were performed to explore the patterns and related influencing factors of multiple chronic diseases in the elderly.Results: The prevalence of multiple chronic diseases was 30.31%. According to the results of the association rules, there were 10 association patterns screened out. The first five multiple chronic disease patterns were atherosclerosis and hypertension, coronary heart disease and hypertension, diabetes and hypertension, stroke and hypertension, eye disease and hypertension. The decision tree model selected 5 related influencing factors of multiple chronic diseases, including age, smoking, family genetic history, fresh fruit intake frequency and education level, simultaneously generating 9 influence rules.Conclusions: Multiple chronic diseases were prevalent among the elderly, which patterns mainly consisted of two or three chronic diseases. Regarding the unmodifiable related influencing factors, including an older age, a family genetic history, and low education level, relevant departments should help the elderly to establish prevention knowledge and raise awareness of strongly related chronic diseases, so as to reduce the incidence and adverse consequences.

BackgroundThe “empty nest” family is becoming the main family pattern in China. Meanwhile, the health-related quality of life of empty-nest elderly is an increasing public health concern. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of Self-Mutual-Group (SMG) model in improving quality of life of the empty-nest elderly to provide a scientific evidence for improving their health.MethodsA prospective intervention study was conducted among empty-nest elderly in Taiyuan, Shanxi. Participants who met the inclusion criteria were assigned randomly to the intervention or control group. The intervention group received a seven-month SMG-based intervention. A participant’s quality of life was measured at the baseline and seven months after using the Short Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36).ResultsNo significant difference was found between the intervention and control groups in terms of participant characteristics at baseline (P > 0.05). After the intervention, participants’ scores on Mental Component Summary (MCS), Physical Component Summary (PCS), role emotional (RE), vitality (VT), social function (SF), mental health (MH) and general health (GH) increased significantly in the intervention group. Additionally, these scores differed significantly from those in the control group (P

In this work, a series of epoxy-based composites with high Ti3C2Tx MXene-content are successfully fabricated as the solid lubricant. With an optimized MXene-content of 70 wt%, the composite presents a dramatically reduced coefficient of friction (COF) to about 34% lower than that of the pure epoxy, which is as low as 0.39 at a normal loading of 5 N. Based on the evolution of surface morphology and chemical composition, the critical role of epoxy as a functional binder on forming the stably transferred tribofilm with good adhesion and lubricating performance is proposed. Additionally, the friction behaviors and lubrication mechanism of the Ti3C2Tx/epoxy composite are also presented, which is attributed to the gap-filling and sliding medium roles of the Ti3C2Tx nanoflakes.

To analyze the stage characteristics in the dietary behavior improvement of college students and explore the role of social cognitive variables in the dietary behavior change based on the Health Action Process Approach.Selfmade college students' eating behavior scales, college students' dietary rating scales and social cognitive scales were used to investigate their eating behavior, dietary stages, and eating intentions. A cluster random sampling was employed to select 2100 college students in 8 colleges and universities in Shanxi Province from April to November 2015, a total of 1933 valid questionnaires were retrieved. The respondents were grade one to four undergraduates, of whom 613 were boys and 1320 were girls.Cross-sectional survey result showed that the dietary behavior of college students in Shanxi Province was 118. 17 ± 15. 27. In the social cognitive variables, positive expectancy( t =-3. 98, P0. 001) and behavioral intentions( t =-4. 03, P0. 001) had significant difference in gender, where girls were higher than boys. Self-efficacy, risk perception, outcome expectancy, action planning and dietary behavior all showed significant difference among preintenders, intenders and actors( P0. 01).The action stage of dietary behavior improvement had the most students and there were different social cognitive variables at different dietary behavior stages. Researchers should implement targed health management for students at different dietary behavior stages to make their dietary behavior more reasonablely and scientifically.

Background In China, the problems of population aging and empty nesting have become important issues which will affect the social stability and economic development. The aim of this study was to explore the health promoting lifestyles and influencing factors among empty nesters and compare with non-empty nesters to find out their differences, so as to provide a scientific evidence for people to formulate health management strategies for elderly. Methods A cross-sectional survey which used a stratified random cluster sampling method, was conducted among 500 elders in six districts of Taiyuan, China, there were 288 empty nesters and 212 non-empty nesters. The general information and health- promoting lifestyles were investigated by using the self-made General Information Questionnaire and Health Promoting Lifestyle Scale(HPLP). Two-sample t-test and Chi-square test were used to compare the sociodemographic factors, HPLP scores of empty nesters to non-empty nesters; Multiple stepwise linear regression was performed to estimate influencing factors related to the HPLP of empty nesters and non-empty nesters. Results The current findings showed that there were differences between the empty nesters and non-empty nesters in gender, resident, marital status, education and income, self-care ability, source of income, relationship with spouse and social activities (P

Objective To describe the revolution and research status of Advances in Psychological Science . Methods A total of 3060 articles published in Advances in Psychological Science from 1983 to 2014 were analyzed with the information visualization method using Citespace software from the aspects of publications, cited frequency and downloads, funding, organizations, authors and keywords. Results The results showed that the amount of literature published annually had an upward tendency, and 49.4% of the papers were supported by national or provincial projects. Institutions such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the normal universities were rated in the forefront of the scientific research output. Xiting Huang, Hong Li and Yuejia Luo were at the top of the list of prolific authors. Conclusions A new pattern of cooperative development of the theory and application in the field of psychological research is forming.

Background With the acceleration of the ageing process, the number of empty-nest older adults (aged ≥60 years) has increased dramatically in China. As a vulnerable group, empty-nest older adults face more urgent health problems than their non-empty-nest counterparts. We aimed to examine the effect of the self-mutual-group (SMG) health management model on quality of life in these older adults to provide a scientific reference for improving their health. Methods We did an open-label, randomised controlled trial at six communities in Taiyuan, China. We enrolled empty-nest older adults (≥60 years) who had no cognitive disorder or other mental illnesses, were willing and able to complete the investigation, and were dwelling in the community at least 1 year before the study. We randomly assigned participants by random number tables to the intervention group, which received a 7-month SMG-based intervention, or the control group, with a 7-month follow-up without any intervention. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The primary outcome was the Short Form 36-Item Health Survey, which we used to measure the quality of life of participants. Analysis was by ANCOVA on measurement values after the intervention, controlling for scores before the intervention. This trial was approved by the institutional review boards of Shanxi Medical University. This trial is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR1800015884. Findings Between Aug 1, 2016, and Aug 30, 2017, 396 adults were enrolled, with 204 in the intervention group and 192 in the control group. After 7 months of SMG-based intervention, 350 empty-nest older adults completed the study continuously, of which 167 completed the 7-month SMG-based intervention and 183 completed the 7-month routine follow-up. We found a significant increase between the intervention group and the control group in the mean scores of mental component scores (F=105·146, p Interpretation SMG-based health management has a positive effect on improving the quality of life among empty-nest older adults. It provides a new perspective to improve their quality of life. Furthermore, future research can use different measurements to assess better the long-term effects of interventions on quality of life. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project, Planning Project of Philosophy and Social Science in Shanxi, Program for the Philosophy and Social Sciences Key Research Base of Higher Education Institutions of Shanxi, and Fund Program for the Selected Post Doctorate in Zhejiang Province.

Background We previously constructed a Self-Mutual-Group health management model, focusing on improving individuals' awareness of health management and ability in self-management, mutual-management, and group-management by increasing their self-efficacy. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Self-Mutual-Group model on social support among the empty-nest elderly (ie, those who live on their own), and to explore the related factors that might have a role in the intervention effect, thus providing information for improving the social support of empty-nest elderly. Methods We did an open-label, randomised controlled trial of six communities in Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China. We included empty-nest elderly individuals aged 60–88 years if they had no cognitive disorder or other mental illnesses, were willing and able to complete the investigation, and were dwelling in the community for at least 1 year before the study. We randomly assigned participants using a computer system to either the intervention group with a 7-month intervention or the control group with no intervention. The 7-month intervention consisted of three stages (self-management at months 1–2, mutual management at months 3–4, and group management at months 5–7) and was held at local health-care or residential activity centres by researchers and community workers assisting in the Self-Mutual-Group-based interventions. We assessed the social support of the participating elderly using the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) at baseline and 7 months' follow-up. This study was approved by the institutional review boards of Shanxi Medical University. We obtained informed consent from all participants. This trial is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Register, number ChiCTR1800015884 Findings Between Aug 1, 2016, and Sept 30, 2016, we enrolled 350 empty-nest elderly individuals; 167 in the intervention group and 183 in the control group. At 7 months' follow-up, we observed a significant increase between the intervention group and the control group in the mean scores of SSRS, objective support, and subjective support. The main influencing factors of the intervention effect were sex, marriage status, income sources, monthly income and employment status, relationship with children, and self-care ability of daily living. Interpretation The Self-Mutual-Group model was considered a positive intervention and was effective in increasing social support among the empty-nest elderly. Among the empty-nest elderly, men without spouses have a lower socioeconomic status than those with spouses. Therefore, those who do not have the ability for self-care should be the focus of future research and model popularisation to increase their social support effectiveness and improve their quality of life. Furthermore, future research might extend the intervention period and introduce multi-point measurement to better evaluate the intervention process and outcomes. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China (71874104 and 71403155), Soft Science Research Program in Shanxi (2017041039-2), Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professional in Shanxi Province (2017-16), and Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (2017-062).