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Background: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a critical role in cellular stress responses and have been implicated in numerous diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and various cancers. Understanding the differential expression and functional implications of HSPs in these conditions is crucial for identifying potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Methods: We utilized combined datasets (GSE6613 and GSE72267) to identify and analyze the heat shock-related genes differentially expressed in PD. Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) was performed to explore functional profiles, while LASSO regression was employed to screen potential PD biomarkers. In glioma, prognostic value, immune infiltration, and pathway enrichment associated with HSPA1L gene expression were assessed via Kaplan-Meier plots, ssGSEA, and enrichment analyses. Results: In PD, we identified 17 differentially expressed HSPs. Enrichment analysis revealed significant pathways related to protein homeostasis and cellular stress responses. LASSO regression pinpointed 12 genes, including HSPA1L, as significant markers for PD, with nomogram and calibration plots indicating predictive accuracy. Stratification based on HSPA1L expression in PD highlighted differentially active biological processes, immune responses, and metabolic disruptions. In the pan-cancer analysis, HSPA1L showed variable expression across cancer types and a significant correlation with patient survival and immune infiltration. In glioma, low HSPA1L expression was associated with worse overall survival, distinct immune infiltration patterns, and altered pathway activities. Conclusion: This integrative study reveals the substantial role of HSPs, especially HSPA1L, in the pathogenesis and prognosis of PD and glioma. Our findings offer new perspectives on the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases and propose HSPA1L as a potential prognostic biomarker and a target for therapeutic intervention.

Abstract Background Tibial shaft fractures account for approximately 15% of long bone fractures. Locked plates with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis techniques are used widely by surgeons. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of factors meaning the plate length, fibula integrity, and placement of the plate on the stability of tibial shaft fracture fixation. Methods A finite element model of the tibial shaft fracture was built. An axial force of 2500 N was applied to simulate the axial compressive load on an adult knee during single-limb stance. The equivalent von Mises stress and displacement of the fractured ends were used as the output measures. Results In models with plates on the lateral side of the tibia, displacement in models fixed with a 12-hole plate showed the smallest value. In models with plates on the medial side of the tibia, displacement in models fixed with 14-hole plate showed the smallest value. The peak stress of plates implanted on the medial side of the tibia was higher than that of plates on the lateral side. The peak stress and the displacement of models involved with the fibula were lower than that of models without fibula, regardless of the length or location of plates. Conclusions For models with plates on the medial side of the tibia, the 14-hole plate is the best choice in terms of stability. While for models with plates on the lateral side of the tibia, the 12-hole plate demonstrated the optimal biomechanical stability. The integrity of the fibula improves the anti-vertical compression stability of the construct. The peak stress of plates implanted on the medial side of the tibia was higher than that of plates on the lateral side, which indicated that the construct with medially implanted plate has a higher risk of implant failure.