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The mechanical characteristics of rocks such as elasticity (Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and unconfined compressive strength) play an essential in sand production analysis, well design, and borehole stability assessment. In this study, the mechanical characteristics of rocks were indirectly estimated using gamma ray, density, and acoustic (compressional and shear) log data from well RU-X in the Rumaila oil field, specifically for the Zubair Formation. These estimated properties were compared to direct measurements obtained from triaxial and uniaxial mechanical tests conducted on well RU-X. The results showed a significant similarity between the indirect estimates and the direct measurements, indicating their reliability for sand production analysis and their valuable contribution to constructing the geomechanical model. Moreover, the static profile of Poisson's ratio was validated using laboratory core test results, demonstrating reasonable agreement. The validation process involved comparing laboratory-derived measurements with actual field measurements in the Zubair Formation. The higher Poisson's ratio observed in the shale was attributed to the slower propagation of acoustic waves, resulting in a good matching with an R2 value of 0.77. On the other hand, the lower Young's modulus in the shaly formations indicated lower resistance to deformation, with a comparative ratio of R²=0.96. Static measurements, which consider various influencing factors, provide a more realistic representation of rock behavior under different conditions. Regarding unconfined compressive strength, the comparative ratio was R²=0.83.

Background: Silicone elastomers have been extensively used as the most acceptable material in the manufacturing of maxillofacial and other kinds of prosthetic devices. The durability of maxillofacial prostheses depends on the material chosen, the patient's attitude and feelings regarding the prosthesis, and how they perform for specific needs. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the influence of adding barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles on the mechanical and physical characteristics of room-temperature-vulcanized (RTV) VerSilTal (VST-50) maxillofacial silicone elastomer, including thermal conductivity, tear strength, and water absorption and solubility. Materials and methods: 0.5 wt% and 0.75 wt% BaTiO3 nanoparticles were added to RTV VST-50 platinum silicone elastomer. Ninety specimens were prepared and divided into three main groups: one control group and two experimental groups (0.5 and 0.75 wt%). The collected data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey (HSD) test (significant level at P ≤ 0.05). The homogeneity and normal distribution of data were assessed by Levene's and Shapiro Wilk's tests, respectively. Result: Both experimental groups showed a remarkable increase in tear strength, thermal conductivity, and water absorption compared with the nonadditive control group. For solubility, the group of 0.5 wt% additive showed an insignificant increase, whereas the group of 0.75 wt% showed a significant increase compared with the control group. Conclusion: The addition of BaTiO3 nanoparticles to RTV VST-50 enhanced the thermal conductivity and tear strength. Water absorption and solubility were also increased, but the values were clinically insignificant. FTIR revealed no chemical interaction between BaTiO3 and silicone. FE-SEM showed the uniform scattering of BaTiO3 inside the silicone matrix.

Air dust is a host medium for potentially harmful substances in atmospheric emissions. Contaminated air with metals causes serious threats to human health. This research aimed to examine the features of road dust pollution and evaluate related heavy metals' health risks. All samples were collected from outdoor environments by including fifty different places in Ramadi using a soft plastic brush. Five heavy metals were evaluated in this study, including nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb). Roadside dust pollution in urban Ramadi streets was assessed using the ecological risk index (RI). Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) calculations were performed for all three exposure pathways (dermal contact, ingestion, and inhalation). The results showed that copper (mean = 49.520 mg/kg) and chromium (mean = 34.742 mg/kg) had the highest heavy metal concentrations, followed by nickel, lead, and cadmium. Even though cadmium was the lowest, however; its ecological risk index was higher than other heavy metals, as cadmium was determined to be higher for dermal adsorption of dust than for inhalation or ingestion in adult people.

2012-2013 eğitim öğretim yılından itibaren, “din, ahlak ve değerler” grubu içerisinde “Peygamberimizin Hayatı” dersi diğer seçmeli dersler ile müfredatta yer almaktadır. Son olarak 2018 -2019 eğitim öğretim yılında “Peygamberimizin Hayatı Dersi Öğretim Programı” yayımlanmıştır. Peygamberimizin Hayatı dersinin hedef ve içerikleri kapsamında kazanımların incelenmesi, dersin amaçlarını sağlaması açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı “Ortaöğretim Peygamberimizin Hayatı Dersi Öğretim Programı”nda bulunan bilişsel kazanımların Bloom Taksonomisi’nin bilgi boyutu ve bilişsel süreç boyutu dikkate alınarak değerlendirmektir. Bu çerçevede 9-12. Sınıf Peygamberimizin Hayatı Öğretim Programı incelenmiş ve kazanımlar analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yönteminin doküman analizi tekniği kullanılarak veriler toplanmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler, Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu’nun 19.01.2018 tarihinde yayınlanmış olan ve 19 sayılı karar ile kabul edilen Peygamberimizin Hayatı Öğretim Programı’ndan elde edilmiştir. Programın bütününe bakıldığında 109 kazanımın yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu kazanımların 93’ü bilişsel, 16’sı duyuşsal alanda yer almaktadır. Psikomotor alanda kazanım yer almamaktadır. Çalışmanın örneklemi öğretim programında yer alan bilişsel bölüme ait 93 kazanımdan oluşmaktadır. Bu kazanımlar Yenilenmiş Bloom Taksonomisi’ne göre incelenmiş ve analiz edilmiştir. Kazanımların dağılımına bakıldığında büyük bir kısmının bilgi boyutunda, olgusal bilgi ve kavramsal bilgi aşamasında; bilişsel süreç boyutunda ise anlama aşamasında olduğu görülmüştür.

This study examines the impact of varying soaking durations on collapse potential (CP) within gypsum sand soil containing 29% gypsum content. It explores the enhancement of CP through the addition of CKD (Cement Kiln Dust) in concentrations ranging from 1% to 5%, employing a modified oedometer apparatus. The oedometer provides accurate measurements of soil compressibility, consolidation properties, and settlement behaviour under realistic load conditions, which are crucial for foundation design and long-term stability predictions. It also aids in assessing soil-structure interaction and validating soil behaviour models, enhancing the accuracy of geotechnical analyses. The oedometer is preferable over other available devices because it is specifically designed for consolidation and collapse studies, making it ideal for testing how additives like CKD affect the soil's collapse potential under controlled soaking conditions. This study categorized specimens into seven groups based on saturation and unsaturation conditions, varying soaking durations of one, two, and three weeks to investigate CP. The findings revealed that the CP under saturation conditions without matric suction for a one-week soaking period exceeded CP under the same conditions with zero matric suction (ψ = 0) by 16%. Additionally, CP increased by 16%, 41%, and 136% when specimens were tested under ψ = 0 after one, two, and three weeks of soaking, respectively, compared to the one-week soaking period. Furthermore, under matric suction of 40 kPa (indicating reduced moisture content), CP results increased by 55% and 228% for two and three-week soaking periods, respectively, compared to the unsaturation state at 40 kPa matric suction with a one-week soaking period. The optimal CKD addition percentage for improving CP ranged from 2% to 3%, contingent upon the specific case study.

Increasing oil production from a reservoir can be achieved by decreasing the distance between the injector and the producer through a process known as infill drilling, which involves a pattern water flood. The main objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the optimal infill well location and the research and applications available to enhance the oil recovery factor, leading to increased economic profits. one effective empirical approach used in this study is based on decline curve analysis, which analyzes the production history of the well to determine the final economic recovery. Additionally, a numerical method that combines numerical simulation and optimization techniques has been proven to be successful in determining optimal infill drilling locations. The research results show that the volumetric computation of oil in place is a useful method for estimating the number of infill wells needed, but it does not consider heterogeneity and continuity. On the other hand, the numerical simulation and optimization techniques can quantify the remaining mobile oil post-infill drilling and establish optimal pattern configurations for maximum recovery at their centers.

The sustainability and impact of copper fibres on pure gypsum is the primary purpose of this study to investigate a combination of two kinds of copper fibres obtained from environmental waste (damaged electrical wires). The copper fibres are dividings into a fixed length of 10 mm, but with two different diameters: the first is 0.83 mm and the second is 0.63 mm, where the ratio of width to height (L/D) is 12 and 15.9, respectively, with a volume ratio Vf = 0.4 %, the ratios 0.5 and 0.6 represent the Water to Gypsum ratio (W/G) individually. Each W/G ratio has two types of mixtures which organize according to diameter. The first considers a reference mixture without copper fibres (CF), and the other is a copper fibres (CF) mixture. This work found that the compressive strength increased from adding the copper fibres to a mixture of pure gypsum. Furthermore, this increase is apparent in pure gypsum compressive strength when raising the aspect ratio because of reducing the copper fibres’ diameters. In another way, increasing ratio of W/G in the case of existing copper fibres or none may reduce a compressive strength of mixtures. Therefore, when the ratio of (W/G) drops, the significance of copper fibres may become more apparent.

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease (HD), stroke, and aneurysms, are characterized by the abnormal accumulation and aggregation of disease-causing proteins in the brain and spinal cord. Recent research suggests that proteins linked to these conditions can be secreted and transferred among cells using exosomes. The transmission of abnormal protein buildup and the gradual degeneration in the brains of impacted individuals might be supported by these exosomes. Furthermore, it has been reported that neuroprotective functions can also be attributed to exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases. The potential neuroprotective functions may play a role in preventing the formation of aggregates and abnormal accumulation of proteins associated with the disease. The present review summarizes the roles of exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases as well as elucidating their therapeutic potential in AD, PD, ALS, HD, stroke, and aneurysms. By elucidating these two aspects of exosomes, valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases may be provided.

Tina Peckmezian,1 Vanessa Garcia-Larsen,2 Kayla Wilkins,3 Rana H Mosli,4 Nasser F BinDhim,5– 7 George Kunnackal John,8 Muhammad Yasir,9,10 Esam Ibraheem Azhar,9,10 Gerard E Mullin,11 Saleh A Alqahtani11,12 1Independent Scholar, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 2Program in Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; 3Environmental GeoScience Research Group, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada; 4Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 5Sharik Association for Health Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 6College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 7Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 8Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Easton, MD, USA; 9Special Infectious Agents Unit – BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 10Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 11Liver Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 12Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USACorrespondence: Saleh A Alqahtani, Liver Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Email salalqahtani@kfshrc.edu.saObjective: This study evaluated the effect of microbiome-targeted therapies (pre-, pro-, and synbiotics) on weight loss and other anthropometric outcomes when delivered as an adjunct to traditional weight loss interventions in overweight and obese adults.Methods: A systematic review of three databases (Medline [PubMed], Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) was performed to identify randomized controlled trials published between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2020, that evaluated anthropometric outcomes following microbiome-targeted supplements in combination with dietary or dietary and exercise interventions. The pooled mean difference (MD) between treatment and control groups was calculated using a random effects model.Results: Twenty-one trials with 1233 adult participants (76.4% female) with overweight or obesity were included. Separate meta-analyses were conducted for probiotics (n=11 trials) and synbiotics (n=10 trials) on each anthropometric outcome; prebiotics were excluded as only a single study was found. Patient characteristics and methodologies varied widely between studies. All studies incorporated some degree of caloric restriction, while only six studies included recommendations for adjunct exercise. Compared with dietary or dietary and exercise interventions only, probiotics resulted in reductions in body weight (MD: − 0.73 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: − 1.02 to − 0.44, p < 0.001), fat mass (MD: − 0.61 kg; 95% CI: − 0.77 to − 0.45; p< 0.001) and waist circumference (MD: − 0.53 cm; 95% CI: − 0.99 to − 0.07, p=0.024) while synbiotics resulted in reductions in fat mass (MD: − 1.53 kg; 95% CI: − 2.95 to − 0.12, p=0.034) and waist circumference (MD: − 1.31 cm; 95% CI: − 2.05 to − 0.57, p< 0.001).Conclusion: This analysis indicates that microbiome-targeted supplements may enhance weight loss and other obesity outcomes in adults when delivered as an adjunct to dietary or dietary and exercise interventions. Personalized therapy to include microbiome-targeted supplements may help to optimize weight loss in overweight and obese individuals.Keywords: microbiome, obesity, adjunctive therapy, weight loss

Many empirical equations have been proposed in the past to predict the parameters of the one-dimensional normal consolidation line (1D-NCL) for soils. However, applications of these equations are limited to specific range of pressure and plasticity soils. General empirical equations for 1D-NCL for large range of pressure and plasticity soils are presented in this study. It is assumed that the 1D-NCL has up to three slopes and these slopes start at different stresses depending on liquid limit (LL) of soils. The 1D-NCL of 59 different soils for a large range of LL (19–520%) was used to establish the initial part of 1D-NCL. The soils were categorized based on their LL into two groups: (i) LL < 110% and (ii) LL > 110%. The equations for initial part of 1D-NCL were compared with the previous empirical 1D-NCL equations. The comparisons showed that the new 1D-NCL equations have a better agreement with tests results, especially for highly plastic soils. Moreover, two soils with different plasticity were used to verify the new 1D-NCL equations. The verifications showed a good agreement between the experimental and the predicted results.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: نظرا لأن القيم المهنية في التمريض قد حظيت بالاهتمام كمعيار رئيسي لرعاية تمريضية ذات جودة عالية، فقد تم قياسها باستخدام مقياس القيم المهنية التمريضية-3. ونظراً لعد توفر هذا المقياس باللغة العربية فنهدف إلى التحقق من صحة المؤشرات السيكومترية للنسخة العربية من مقياس القيم المهنية التمريضية-3 لاستخدامه بين الممرضين والممرضات السعوديين. طرق البحث: جندت هذه الدراسة المنهجية طلاب وطالبات التمريض من كليتين رئيسيتين للتمريض في المملكة العربية السعودية. تم رجوع 438 استبانة صالحة للتحليل من أصل 500 استبانة موزعة (معدل الاستجابة: 87.6%). تم ترجمة الاستبانة إلى اللغة العربية. تم التحقق من الصدق الظاهري وصدق المحتوى والصدق العاملي وصدق المفهوم باستخدام تحليلات العوامل الاستكشافية والتأكيدية. كما تم تقييم الصدق التقاربي والتمييزي. تم تقييم ثبات المقياس باستخدام معامل ألفا كرونباخ ومعامل أوميغا. النتائج: تم التحقق من الصدق الظاهري حيث تراوح مؤشر صدق المحتوى من إلى 1، بينما كان للمقياس العام. أسفر تحليل العامل الاستكشافي عن مقياس يحتوي على 28 عنصرًا بنموذج ثلاثي العوامل، موضحًا 74.5٪ من إجمالي التباين. كما أكد تحليل العامل التأكيدي أن النموذج ثلاثي العوامل كان له نتائج مقبولة. تم التحقق من ثبات المقياس عن طريق معامل ألفا كرونباخ، حيث كانت نتائجه كالتالي: 0.89، 0.90، و0.90 لكلٍ من عوامل النشاط، الرعاية، والمهنية، وكان معامل ألفا كرونباخ للمقياس العام 0.96 الإستنتاجات: تم الكشف عن مستويات كافية من الصدق والثبات للنسخة العربية من مقياس القيم المهنية التمريضية-3، مما يشير إلى ملاءمة استخدام هذا المقياس لتقييم القيم المهنية بين الممرضين والممرضات السعوديين وغيرهم من الطلاب وطالبات التمريض الناطقين باللغة العربية. Abstract: Objectives: Since the nursing professional values have garnered attention as a principal criterion for safe‒quality nursing practice, it was measured using the Nurses Professional Values Scale‒three. We aimed to validate and ascertain the psychometric indicators of the Arabic version of the Nurses Professional Values Scale–three among Saudi student nurses. Method: This methodological study recruited student nurses using convenience sampling from two nursing colleges at KSA. About 438 valid questionnaires were returned out of 500 questionnaires which were distributed over students in a formal day class time; representing a response rate of 87.6%. A 2‒fold cross‒validation process was adopted. A transcultural process was conducted. Face, content, and construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used. Convergent and discriminant validity were also assessed. The reliability of the scale was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Results: Face validity was achieved. The content validity of items ranged from .83 to 1.00, while it was .96 for the overall scale. The exploratory factor analysis yielded a scale containing 28 items with a three‒factor model, explaining 74.5% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that three‒factor solution had an adequate model fit (CMIN/df = 1.98; RMSEA = .065; SRMR = .039, CFI = .972, and GFI = .968). Convergent validity and discriminant validity were achieved. Cronbach's alpha values were .89, .90, .90, and .96 for activism, caring, professionalism, and the overall scale, respectively. Conclusion: Adequate levels of reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the Nurses Professional Values Scale–three were established, indicating the appropriateness of using this version to assess the professional values among Saudi and other Arabic‒speaking nurses.

The high concentration of nitrogen (N) compounds in wastewater was found to be creating a reason of eutrophication, effect the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems and human health. The aim of this study is to reduce harmful N forms from wastewater by biological nitrogen transforming (BNT) bacteria and to investigate the fluctuation of ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and pathogenic bacteria during this process, so compost representative. A sample of municipal wastewater was taken, and then subjected to the treatment process of BNT, which was subdivided into three stages of ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification. The result revealed that nitrifying bacteria were flocculated during biological nitrogen transformation, like AOB and NOB isolated until obtaining colonies during the nitrification process, by liquid mineral solution and Agar-Agar then calculated. The AOB count was 468 CFU/ml and NOB was 2130 CFU/ml in the sample. The existence of coliform bacteria, especially E. coli raises the possibility of water contamination by pathogens bacteria that cause many serious illnesses in human. Therefore, Mac-Conkey agar was used for the isolation of total coliform bacteria through the BNT process because it is selective and also differentiating agar that specialized in the growth of gram- negative bacteria. Total coliform bacteria decreased gradually, before ammonification (556 CFU/ml), after ammonification (226 CFU/ml), after nitrification (154 CFU/ml) and after denitrification (45 CFU/ml) that have been determined and indicated that further chemical disinfection like chlorination or ozonation were required for complete sterilization of pathogenic bacteria. The study concluded that all harmful forms of N and total coliform bacteria that cause human and ecosystem deleterious were reduced by BNT.