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Background; Urinary bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common cancer in the world and the 13th cause of cancer deaths, Aim and objectives; to assess the role of pretreatment NLR as a predictor of clinical outcomes in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who underwent intravesical BCG treatment, Subjects and methods; This retrospective cohort study was carried upon 20 patients having non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and will be done in Ain shams university hospital. The duration of the study ranged from 6-12 months, Result; No significant differences were found between cancer free patients and patients with recurrence at 1st follow up cystoscopy regarding tumor size (p>0.05). Tumor multiplicity showed significant difference between the two groups as it was significantly higher in cases with recurrence (p

ObjectivesTo explore clonidine (Clon) nephroprotective effects as an inhibitor of organic cationic transporter 2 (OCT2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) against cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity. OCT2 is mainly responsible for renal accumulation of CP. Clon has been recently recognized as an OCT2 inhibitor and exerts beneficial effects on renal function and p38 MAPK. This study further investigates its underlying anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects.MethodsRats were randomly assigned into five groups: (I) CON, (II) CP, (III) CP + Clon 0.125, (IV) CP + Clon 0.25, (V) CP + Clon 0.5, and (VI) Clon 0.5 alone. Clon was administered orally at 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg/day dosages for 10 days. On day 7, rats in groups from (II) to (V) received a single intraperitoneal injection of CP (10 mg/kg).Key findingsClon 0.25 mg/kg displayed the best nephroprotective outcomes, justified by the significant amelioration of parameters like renal function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory status, as well as modulated the OCT2 expression, phosphorylation of p38 and p53, compared with Clon 0.125 and 0.5 mg/kg.ConclusionThis study suggests the promising nephroprotective impact of Clon as an OCT2 inhibitor against CP nephrotoxicity and its proficient role in attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory status and apoptotic status.

Currently, there is a strong interest to develop offshore wind energy because of the great impact of greenhouse gases and the energy crisis. Extraordinary endeavors have been dedicated to creating floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) innovations such as the DeepCwind semi-submersible FOWT that can be relied upon to harness wind energy in deep water. However, DeepCwind structure faces a significant surge motion limiting the operational time. Therefore, this paper presents three different configurations for the DeepCwind semi-submersible FOWT by varying the number of offset columns from three to five columns to improve the wave resistance ability. Hydrodynamic analysis is carried out to figure and compare the performance of these platforms via the ANSYS-AQWA tool. The free-decay test has shown that the natural frequency is affected by the number of offset columns. The results of statistics on regular waves and irregular waves have shown that the surge response is inversely proportional to the number of offset columns; the statistics decrease with the increase of the offset columns number, while the impacts of increasing offset columns are negligible for the heave and pitch motions.

AIM: To evaluate the local dermo-glandular flap as a new reconstructive oncoplastic technique after removal of central malignant tumors of the breast, in terms of patient satisfaction and local recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study included 60 females with centrally located breast cancer who underwent central quadrantectomy and local dermo-glandular flap with either sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary clearance. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 49.68 ± 8.52 years. The duration of the operation ranged from 68–105 minutes, with a mean of 79.77 ± 9.41 minutes. Local recurrence was observed in three patients (5.00%) with no distant metastasis. Forty-seven patients (78.33%) reported satisfaction after the operation. Ugly scarring and the existence of tissue defects were the main factors affecting patient satisfaction. Correction of these complications increased overall satisfaction to 88.33%. CONCLUSIONS: For small- and medium-sized breasts, the use of a local dermo-glandular flap for the management of centrally located malignant tumors seems to be a simple and easy technique with good oncological outcomes and acceptable few minor complications. This technique offers an immediate reconstruction of a new areola with fewer scars that will be hidden later after areola tattooing. Most of the patients reported satisfaction three months after areola reconstruction.

The current study described the developmental sequence of the ventriculus of the post-hatching Muscovy ducks of both sexes ranging from 1-60 days old, by using gross-histomorphometic measurements and by using light microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The ventriculus was extended from the level of the 4th intercostal space to terminate behind the last rib at variable distances dependent on the age of the duck. The statistical analysis revealed that the length of the ventriculus from that of the stomach was decreased by the advancement of the age, while the weight was increased. At all developmental age-stages, the cuticula gastrica was composed of two layers; vertical rods and horizontal matrix. The vertical rods projected slightly as dentate processes beyond the surface of the mucosa at 30-60dys old. The type of the gizzard gland was different according to the age; it was simple tubular type lining by one type of cells (chief cells) at 1-15 days old, but were compound-branched type lining by two types of cells; chief and basal cells at 30-60 days old. By semithin sections, the secretory basophilic granules within the cells lining of the tubular glands were increased by ageing. Transmission electron microscopy exhibited that the chief cells had numerous large sizes electron dense and electron lucent secretory granules. In conclusion, there are wide variations in the morphometrical analysis and the structure of the ventriculus at the developmental age-stages of the duck.

Background Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is produced by action of the intestinal flora on tryptophan in protein diet, and it is normally excreted by the kidney. IS is a protein-bound uremic toxin, and it is difficult to be removed by conventional hemodialysis (HD) methods; so, it accumulates in HD patients and may contribute to major cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Aim To study the effect of dietary synbiotic (prebiotic and probiotic) supplementation on IS level in prevalent HD patients. Patients and methods This single-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 80 prevalent HD patients (between January 2017 and March 2017) in Ain Shams University Hospital. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 was given synbiotic (SYN) and group 2 was given placebo for 6 weeks. Blood levels of IS, CRP, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus were measured at baseline and after 6 weeks. Results There was a significant reduction in serum IS level in groups 1 and 2 in comparison to their baselines (P value = 0.000 and 0.019 respectively); however, the change in IS level in group 1 after SYN supplementation (64% with IR 72.38–33.33) was more than that shown in group 2 (did not receive SYN) (18.47% with IR 26.75–26.75) with a highly significant P value, 0.000. Also, there were significant reductions in the levels of creatinine, BUN, phosphorus (P values P values 0.002) in group 1 respectively with no similar changes noticed in group 2. Conclusion SYN supplementation in HD patients can reduce serum levels of IS and other uremic toxins like BUN and creatinine. Also, it may help to reduce serum phosphorus and CRP levels.

Aim To investigate the feasibility of applying small vascular surgical clips as tissue markers for breast cancer in patients scheduled for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in comparison with the dedicated breast clips with assessment of their different complications. Patients and methods This prospective randomized controlled trial included 160 female patients with breast cancer whose neoadjuvant chemotherapy was required for their management. Patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups; group I for patients who were subjected to the insertion of the small vascular surgical clips, and Group II for patients who were subjected to the insertion of the dedicated breast clips (UltraClips®). Assessment of the feasibility of the application of the vascular surgical clips and detection of the complications of the vascular surgical clips compared to the UltraClip® commercial clips were the endpoints of this study. Results Vascular surgical clips application had significantly longer duration than the duration of application of the UltraClips® (9.10 ± 2.67 min, and 5.44 ± 1.09 min respectively, P Conclusions The spinal needle/surgical vascular clip technique seems to be a cheap and effective alternative to the dedicated commercial mammoclips when required, with convenient results and minimal complications.

Background Psoriasis is a prevalent inflammatory skin disease. Psoriasis is a complex illness in which environmental variables acting on individuals with unique genetic predisposition causing immunological dysregulation. Claudins are transmembrane proteins that help to generate tight junctions by binding to the actin cytoskeleton. Claudin 3 in the blood is thought to be a good indicator of intestinal permeability. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect of the alteration of claudin-3 in psoriasis patient and find the correlation between severity and concentration of the claudin-3. Patients and methods: forty psoriatic patients (25males and 15 females) and thirty normal healthy controls (19 men and 11 females) who were age and sex matched to the cases group were included in this study. They were chosen at random from Al Fallujah hospital Dermatology Department outpatient clinic. Result: When compared to the control group, the psoriasis group had substantially greater levels of claudin-3 (mean=2.18 ± 0.16 versus 1.27 ± 0.03; p0.0001). Furthermore, the amount of claudin-3 rose progressively as the severity grade increased (001). There were no significant correlations between claudin-3 levels and gender, dietary status, or family history in the psoriasis group (p>0.05 for each). Conclusion: Claudin-3 levels were considerably greater in psoriasis patients than in healthy controls. PASI levels were shown to be linked to claudin-3 levels.

The index score of psoriasis severity (PASI) cannot always be of value as a marker in non- plaque psoriasis. Alternative biomarkers have been used for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Among these markers are the transmembrane protein Claudin-3 and the Monocyte to High- density lipoprotein cholesterol Ratio (MHR). Objective: The present work was carried on to evaluate the prognostic and diagnostic ability of the two biomarkers for psoriasis, Claudin-3 and MHR, relate them to the PASI score in psoriatic patients, and find the correlation between the two markers. Subjects and methods: forty patients with psoriasis (25 males and 15 females) of 7.3 ±3.7 years disease duration, and 30 healthy control subjects of 19 males and 11 females were enrolled in the study from March to July 2021. The following tests were done for each patient and control subjects: Complete blood count (CBC) by VCS Technology Hemoglobinometry, Claudin-3 by ELISA technique, and serum lipids by enzymatic spectrophotometric methods. Results: Both markers (Claudin-3 and MHR) showed significantly higher values in the patient’s group than their controls in a manner proportional to the severity of the disease. As diagnostic markers, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis for both of them gave acceptable sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: Claudin-3 and MHR can be used alternatively as adjuvant diagnostic and prognostic markers to PASI score for psoriasis. Keywords: Psoriasis, PASI score, Claudin-3, Monocyte-HDLc ratio.

Nestin is a neural stem cell protein that plays an important role in cancer stem cells (CSC) development and proliferation. It has been identified as a marker for newly formed endothelial cells and was shown to be preferentially expressed in basal and myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland.We evaluated serum Nestin and thePatients with breast cancer had a median (Min-Max) of serum Nestin 31.3 (6.7-167.3 pg/mL), while control subjects had a median (Min-Max) of serum Nestin 42.3 (25.7-315.95) pg/mL. The best cut-off value for serum Nestin to differentiate normal subjects and patients with breast cancer was 39.9 pg/mL. This cut-off value had a diagnostic sensitivity of 84.8% and specificity of 65.1%. There was a significant difference in the distribution of different alleles in patients with breast cancer than normal subjects (P=0.039 Exact Fisher test). The breast cancer patients group had 23.9% CC, 52.1% CT, and 23.9% TT genotypes, respectively, while the control group had 46.9% CC, 42.8% CT, and 10.2% TT, respectively.A significantly low serum Nestin below 39.9 pg/mL and a higher percentage of the T/T homozygous variant allele ofNestin je protein neuronskih matičnih ćelija koji ima važnu ulogu u razvoju i proliferaciji matičnih ćelija raka (CSC). Identifikovan je kao marker za novoformirane endotelne ćelije, a pokazalo se da je preferencijalno izražen u bazalnim i mioepitelnim ćelijama mlečne žlezde.Izvršena je evaluacija serumskog Nestina i HOTAIR rs12826786 CT polimorfizma kod zdravih žena u Egiptu, kao i onih sa karcinomom dojke, kao mogućeg skrining alata za identifikaciju pacijenata sa karcinomom dojke. Takođe, testirali smo moguću povezanost između ova dva markera i agresivnosti bolesti.Pacijentkinje sa karcinomom dojke su imale srednju vrednost (Min-Maks) seruma Nestina 31,3 (6,7-167,3 pg/mL), dok su kontrolne ispitanice imale srednju vrednost (Min-Maks) seruma Nestina 42,3 (25,7-315,95 pg/mL). Najbolja granična vrednost Nestina u serumu koja je ukazivala na razliku između zdravih ispitanica i pacijentkinja sa karcinomom dojke bila je 39,9 pg/mL. Ova granična vrednost imala je dijagnostičku osetljivost od 84,8% i specifičnost od 65,1%. Bilo je značajne razlike u distribuciji različitih alela kod pacijentkinja sa karcinomom dojke nego kod zdravih ispitanica (P=0,039 Fišerov test tačne verovatnoće). Grupa bolesnica sa karcinomom dojke imala je 23,9% CC, 52,1% CT i 23,9% TT genotipa, dok je kontrolna grupa imala 46,9% CC, 42,8% CT i 10,2% TT respektivno.Kod egipatskih pacijentkinja koje su imale karcinom dojke otkriven je značajno nizak serumski Nestin, ispod 39,9 pg/mL, i veći procenat alela homozigotne varijante T/T HOTAIR rs12826786 CT. Predlažemo da se prijavljena granična vrednost Nestina u serumu i prisustvo C/T polimorfizma koristi za procenu rizika kod žena za razvoj raka dojke, a može biti i od koristi u skriningu bolesti. Potrebne su obimnije studije u različitim etničkim grupama da bi se naši nalazi potvrdili.

Background and Aim Previous studies have shown the relationship between children with type 1 diabetes and vitamin D. To evaluate the level of vitamin D in children with type 1 diabetes and the effect of low vitamin D level on the long-term blood glucose controls reflected by glycated hemoglobin. Patients and methods The study included 20 children who had already been diagnosed as having type 1 diabetes mellitus with vitamin D deficiency and 20 normal nondiabetic children as a control group. Full history taking, clinical examinations, and investigations for all children, including serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level, were done. Results Vitamin D deficiency was present in ∼85% of children with type 1 diabetes compared with nondiabetic control, who showed good vitamin D level. Conclusion Type 1 diabetic children are associated with low vitamin D level. Perhaps infants supplemented with vitamin D level might be a safe and effective plan for decreasing the risk of type 1 diabetes and also may decrease and improve levels of glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Background and Aim Meniscal tears are one of the most frequent disorders affecting the knee joint in athletes and normal people. MRI the first choice of imaging of knee joint but in recent days, ultrasound (US) has made strides in imaging of musculoskeletal disorders due to improvement of imaging qualities. This study aimed to investigate the role of US in diagnosis of meniscus tears as compared to MRI. Patients and Methods A total of 100 patients examined by high definition US and under go to MRI examination of the knee joint. Results Regarding the diagnostic performance of US compared to MRI, the sensitivity reached (89.1%), specificity (∼72.2%), positive predictive value (∼90.1%), negative predictive value (70.1%), and accuracy (84.7%). Conclusion Ultrasonography may be used as a screening tool before arthroscopy in selected cases where MRI was a contraindication or is not available or if the patient was not affording. Ultrasonography showed a dynamic image of the meniscus and thus may prove useful if studied in conjunction with correct clinical examination.

Aim To evaluate Latissimus Dorsi flap (LD) enhancement by lipofilling as an immediate breast reconstruction technique, for skin-preserving mastectomy regarding oncological safety, fat graft resorption after radiotherapy, and patients' satisfaction. Patients and methods This is a prospective study that included female patients complaining of breast cancer. Patients were subjected to skin-preserving mastectomy associated with Latissimus Dorsi flap enhancement by lipofilling using the multisite, and multilayer fat grafting technique of injection. Patients were followed up for early and late postoperative complications including recurrence. Volumetric CT was performed before and after the radiotherapy to detect the percentage of fat resorption. Postoperative patients' satisfaction was assessed using the Kyungpook National University Hospital (KNUH) Breast Reconstruction Satisfaction Questionnaire. Results The study included 25 female patients with a mean age of 36.48 ± 5.87 years. The mean period of follow-up was 30.32 ± 5.82 months. Local recurrence was encountered in 1 patient (4%). The mean volume reduction of the injected fat graft was 27.36 ± 8.58%. Twenty-three patients (92%) declared their satisfaction after the operation, one of them was satisfied only after she underwent a second session of lipofilling. Conclusions Skin-preserving mastectomy with the enhancement of the LD by lipofilling for immediate reconstruction of the breast seems to be a safe and simple technique for the achievement of autologous breast reconstruction. It has an acceptance rate of locoregional recurrence and minor postoperative complications. The procedure showed high postoperative patients' satisfaction and a reasonable percentage of fat resorption as confirmed by volumetric CT imaging techniques.

Lamination of thin bladed composite marine propellers necessitates dropping layers following thickness variation to produce lighter propeller with good elastic damping. Composite blade is subjected to multiaxial loads resulted from nonuniformly distributed hydrodynamic pressure that cause the blade to undergo combined structural response of bent and twist therefore, strength evaluation of such tapered laminate is a highly nontrivial process that include significant fluid–structure interaction (FSI). This research aims to investigate the strength of composite propeller using unconstrained stacking-sequence optimization based on fully coupled CFD-FEA analysis. Different hub idealization techniques were studied to determine the most accurate treatment in predicting stress and deformation of the blade. Composite model configured for propeller VP1304 after modification on blade thickness and, initial analysis on balanced-stacking of [0, 90, 45,−45] were set as a benchmark for optimization process targeting to minimize failure index; calculated according to Puck failure theory considering fiber and matrix failure as well as delamination. Delamination is evidenced to be utmost critical mode of failure whereas, the optimization resulted in an optimum laminate with unbalanced nonsystematic stacking that succeeded to; reduce interlaminar stresses, avoid failure and, reduce maximum value of IRF (Inverse Reserve Factor) by 50% compared to the predefined balanced-stacking benchmark.

The development of microchannels with open flow for use in irrigation and rainy areas is challenged by electricity generation via hydrokinetic devices in shallow and low velocity flows. Conventional hydrokinetic turbines are known to be highly dependent on current speed and water depth. Another drawback of conventional turbines is their low efficiency. These shortcomings lead to the need to accelerate the flow in the channel system to enhance the extracted power. The method of deploying a novel turbine configuration in irrigation channels can help overcome the low performance of conventional hydrokinetic turbines. Therefore, this study experimentally presents a bidirectional diffuser-augmented channel that includes dual cross flow/Banki turbines. Results show that the maximum efficiency of the overall system with two turbines is nearly 55.7%. The efficiency is low relative to that of hydraulic turbines. Nevertheless, the result can be considered satisfactory given the low head of the present system. The use of this system will contribute to a highly efficient utilization of flows in rivers and channels for electrical energy generation in rural areas.

The anatomy of the pharyngeal roof of Egyptian geese has been studied to define the structural features which may affect swallowing and food intake, in addition to provide a basis for bird pathology identification in this area. The results showed that the pharyngeal roof of geese was smooth with numerous scattered conical papillae of various sizes and had several openings of the sphenopterygoid salivary glands. Its length was 16.2 mm, about 16.5 percent of the total length of the oropharyngeal roof. A common opening of both ear tubes; infundibular cleft, was measured 8.09 mm and extended caudally to pharyngoesophageal junction through shallow groove. The pharyngeal mucosa contained abundant mucous and serous glands associated with lymphatic nodules, in addition to accumulation of nerve cells. In conclusion there were some anatomical features of the pharyngeal roof of geese that are unique to this species and morphological changes to this area of the digestive tract can reflect adaptations to the bird's environment and mode of feeding.

Background: Renal stone disease in children is uncommon and causes a clinical management dilemma due to the size of the urinary tract in children and risk of recurrence. The majority of renal stones are due to metabolic disorders or urinary tract infections with a consequently high lifetime risk of recurrence. Objective: To evaluate safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of pediatric renal stones. Patients and Methods: A prospective clinical trial was carried out during the period from February 2018 to October 2019 of thirty pediatric patients ≤ 18 years old with renal stones ˃ 2 cm, shock wave–resistant stones ˂ 2 cm, and failed chemolysis for radiolucent stones. Patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) with tract dilation up to 16 fr. A 8/9.8 Fr semirigid ureteroscope (Richard Wolf, Germany), and Ho: YAG Laser lithotripsy were used. Patients were followed up after 3 months of the operation by plain X-ray (Kidney, ureters, bladder [KUB]) (or pelvi abdominal ultrasound [US] for radiolucent stones) & renal isotope to assess safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The data were analyzed using the appropriate statistical tests. Results: Our study showed that PNL achieved high stone clearance rate (86.7 %) for management of renal stones in children, with accepted postoperative morbidity. The mean age was 8.48 years (range 2 – 18). Mean diameter of the stone was 21.68 ± 5.55 with a range 10 – 30 mm. Mean operative time was 106.93 ± 13.89 with a range 85 – 135 minutes. Mean hemoglobin loss was 1.1 g/dl. Mean hospital stay was 3.76 ± 0.93 days (range: 3 – 6 days). In our study, renal isotope showed that renal function did not change postoperatively. Conclusion: PNL is a safe and effective procedure for management of renal stones in children.

This paper uses a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis to investigate the shallow water effects on prismatic planing hull. The turbulence flow around the hull was described by Reynolds Navier Stokes equations RANSE using the k-ɛ turbulence model. The free surface was modelled by the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The analysis was steady for all the range of speeds except those close to the critical speed range due to the propagation of the planing hull solitary waves at this range. In this study, the planing hull lift force, total resistance, and wave pattern for the range of subcritical speeds, critical speeds, and supercritical speeds have been calculated using CFD. The numerical results have been compared with experimental results. The pressure distribution on the planing hull and its wave pattern at critical speed in shallow water were compared with those in deep water.

Formalin is widely used in the anatomy dissecting rooms to preserve the animal cadavers and biological specimens in veterinary medical schools. Veterinary medical students at South Valley University are routinely exposed to formalin during their practical training. Although formalin is known to cause severe health problems, the toxic effects of formalin on the veterinary students at South Valley University has not been investigated before. Thus, the current study aimed to explore the toxic effects of exposure of veterinary medical students to formalin in the anatomy laboratories and to suggest some preventive measures to reduce its toxic effects. For this purpose, a total number of 167 students from the first- and the second-year at the department of anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University were surveyed. Approximately 79.6% of the students suffered from unpleasant smell, followed by eye irritation (63.6%), nasal irritation (51.5%), headache (44.9%), breathing difficulties (39.5), visual disturbance (29.5), lack of concentration (26.9%), cough (25.1%), lethargy and fatigue (19.2%), nausea (18%), digestive disturbance (14.4%), sore throat and dryness (12%), sleep disturbance (4.8%) and fainting (6%). In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the Veterinary Medical students are at risk of severe health problems due to prolonged exposure to formalin in the anatomy dissecting rooms. This calls The South Valley University authorities to apply a guideline to reduce the effect of exposure to formaldehyde in the anatomy laboratories.

The presence of high concentrations of selenium ions in wastewater is considered an environmental problem. However, the mechanism of selenium ions (Se (IV)) removal by the adsorption process has not been investigated in-depth so far. Also, the recovery and conversion of the industrial waste materials into valuable materials is a vital issue. Therefore, in this study, zinc ferrite nanopowders are economically synthesized from steel-making wastes by co-precipitation method for investigating as adsorbents of selenium species. The produced nanopowders were annealed at 150, 300, 500, and 850 °C for 5 h to scrutinize the impact of annealing temperature on their crystallite size. The compositional, optical, and magnetic features of the nanopowders were defined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis. spectrophotometer along with vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Optical absorbance spectra were found characteristic due to the electronic structure of Fe