Search

The present study was conducted to select cotton stable cultivars with high productivity across various environments. Nine Egyptian cotton cultivars were grown in a split-plot randomized complete block design with three replications consisted of six different environments (2 years × 3 sowing dates) to identify the high yield stability cultivars under these conditions. Pooled analysis of variance for; number of bolls/plant, seed cotton yield and lint yield revealed significant differences due to cultivars, environments and their interactions. Results revealed that the cultivars Dandara and Giza 90 were considered as superior cultivars under different environmental conditions due to their high number of bolls/plant, seed and lint yield traits across different environments when compared with grand mean for these traits beside acceptable stability parameters (bi near to one, S2di non-significant, α stability value not significantly differed from zero and the λ statistic was not significantly differed from one). Therefore, it could be used in breeding programs for development of high yield stable genotypes across environments for future use. Also, principal component analysis (PCA) showed that Dandara and Giza 90 cultivars were located near all studied traits and environments (stable cultivars over different environments). According to our results the two cultivars (Dandara and Giza 90) can be recommended to be uses under a wide range of environmental conditions and use in breeding programs for development of high yield stable genotypes across environments for future use.

The proper amount of fertilizer application is the main factor affecting the grain yield and its components of durum wheat. Hence, the field experiment was carried out in the winter seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, at Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, to study the effects of potassium fertilizer levels (zero, 25, 50 and 75 kg K2O /fed.) on yield and its components of four durum wheat genotypes (Bani Suef 6, NGB 7214, NGB 5399 and NGB 4816). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used in split-plot with three replicates. The results showed that potassium fertilizer levels were significantly affected on all studied characters except plant height in the 1st and 2nd seasons, and harvest index in the 1st season only, as well as genotypes had significantly effect on yield and its components traits in both growing seasons. Bani Suef 6 and NGB 7214 genotypes produced the highest values of grain yield compared to other genotypes in both seasons. Moreover, NGB 7214 accession produced the maximum values of spike length (cm), No. of Spike /m2, No. of grain/spike, 1000-grain weight (g), biological yield (ton/fed.) and straw yield (ton/fed.) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. In general, the highest grain yield (20.27 and 19.70 ard./fed.) were obtained by Bani Suef 6 genotype when fertilized with 75 kg K2O /fed., and NGB 7214 genotype when fertilized with 50 kg K2O /fed. interaction treatments, respectively.

SUGAR beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is the second source of sugar around the world after sugar cane. The experiment was carried out in the Research Farm , Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, in two successive seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 to study the effect of Nano-micronutrients fertilizer on yield and quality of sugar beet varieties under normal and late sowing conditions. The results showed the early sowing at 21st October increased the root, quality, sugar and root yields comparing with the late sowing at 21st November in both seasons. The foliar application of Nano fertilizer treatments affected significantly all studied traits, the foliar application at 60 days after sowing exhibited the higher values of all studied traits comparing with both of foliar application at 105 days and non-fertilizer in both seasons. The four sugar beet varieties (Nabila, Karta, Kosmas and Tesla) differed significantly on all studied traits in the two seasons. Tesla variety was superior than the others of all studied traits. All interaction effects showed significant differences for root fresh weight, sucrose, TSS, purity, root and sugar yields. The highest sucrose % (18.32 and 18.42%) and sugar yield (5.20 and 5.83ton/fed) were obtained from Tesla variety with Nano-fertilized at 60 days from sowing of early sowing in 21st October in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons respectively. According to principal component analysis, the most appropriate sugar beet varieties for selecting of sugar yield was Tesla variety under the most treatments of foliar Nano- micronutrients in both environments (stable genotype and recommended for the test environments), especially under D1 (sowing at 21 October ) and F2 (spraying time of 60 day after planting).

DROUGHT stress is the primary restricting factor of crop productivity in Egypt. The development of drought-tolerant lines is urgent. However, drought tolerance is a complex trait. So, this work aimed to reveal the genetic background and gene effects controlling of yield parameters and to discover the epistasis in two bread wheat crosses; Sakha 93 × pureline 5 and Gemmeiza 10 × pureline 42 under irrigated and drought conditions, utilizing seven generations viz. P1, P2, F1, BC1, BC2, F2 and F3.Genetic analysis revealed that additive and dominance effects are involved in the genetics for most traits in both crosses and conditions. Both additive x additive and additive x dominance effects were significant in most cases, supporting the presence of duplicate type of epistasis. Therefore, early generation selection would have failed.F1 hybrids (Drought susceptibility indexes were 0.278 in cross I and 0.295 in cross II), were less affected by drought stress conditions, displaying the presence of heterobeltiosis for drought tolerance. Broad-sense and narrow-sense heritabilities and genetic advance ranged from moderate to high for most of the studied traits and these two crosses could be selected to produce high yielding lines under drought conditions.

Two field experiments were conducted in two successive seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 at the Research Farm Al-Kawthar, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, to determine the effect of two planting dates (15 November and10 December) and three nitrogen fertilizer levels (50, 75 and 100 kg N/fed.) on yield and its components of four bread wheat genotypes (Sids 12, Giza 168, NGB 6404 and NGB 10893). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split- split plot with four replications was used. Data indicated that the planting dates were significantly effects on all studied traits except spike length and straw yield in both seasons, as well as nitrogen fertilizer levels and genotypes had significantly effect on the all studied traits; plant height (cm), spike length (cm), 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (ard./fed.), biological yield (ton/fed.), straw yield (ton/fed.) and harvest index(%) in the both seasons. Increasing N up to 100 kg/fed increased yield and its attributes of wheat in both growing seasons except plant height (cm), spike length (cm) and harvest index (%). Sids 12 and NGB 10893 genotypes produced the highest values of grain yield compared to other genotypes in both seasons. Moreover, NGB 10893 accession produced the maximum values of spike length (cm) and1000-grain weight (g) in both seasons, while NGB 6404 accession produced the tallest plants. Late planting (10 December) increased significantly plant height (cm), spike length (cm), 1000-grain weight, grain yield (ard./fed.), biological and straw yields (ton/fed.).In general the highest grain yields (21.59 and 21.04 ard./fed.) were obtained by Sids 12 genotype when planted in 10 December and application of 100 kg N/fed., and NGB 10893 genotype when planted in 10 December and fertilized with 75kg N/fed. interaction treatments, respectively.

To study genetic analysis of some physiological traits of drought stress in wheat using diallel techniques, an experiment was performed on ten bread wheat genotypes as parents and their 45 F1 hybrids in a randomized complete block design with three replicates under well-watered and drought stress conditions at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt during season of 2018/19. The results showed significant differences between the genotypes (G), Parents (P), F1 crosses, P vs. F1, GCA and SCA under well-watered and drought stress in the flag leaf area (FLA), flag leaf chlorophyll content (FLCC) and flag leaf temperature (FLT), except FLCC for F1 crosses exhibited insignificant differences. The significant differences were found in the interaction of SCA × Env., in all studied traits and GCA × Env., for FLT., indicating the involvement of both additive and dominance gene action in their inheritance. The most desirable heterotic effects were considered as the largest positive heterosis estimates for FLA and FLCC, and the lowest negative for FLT. The parent numbers P9, P8 and P3 were the best general combiner for FLA under normal irrigation and drought stress. While the parents P2, P7 and P9 were the best general combiner for FLCC, under normal irrigation and (P1, P2 and P3) under drought stress. Therefor the parents P1, P4 and P5 were the best general combiner for FLT under normal irrigation, also the P3, P4 and P5 were the best general combiner for FLT under drought stress conditions. Under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions as well as the combined data, the additive genetic components of variation (VA) in F1 ’s was much greater than dominance component (VD), as expressed by the (VA/VD) ratio which was more than unity for the FLA, and FLT under normal irrigation and their combined. This indicates that the additive gene effects in F1 crosses are more important than dominance and plays the major role in the inheritance of these studied traits.