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Purpose: Invasion and metastasis are key steps in the progression of urothelial cancer (UC) into a critical disease. Foxo3a is a member of the Foxo transcription factor family that modulates the expression of various genes. We aimed to elucidate the role of Foxo3a in UC invasion.Experimental Design: Foxo3a mRNA and protein expressions in UC samples were investigated by gene expression assays and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Foxo3a expression was compared with clinicopathologic characteristics and patient prognoses based on UC samples. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and migration assays were also conducted in UC cells.Results: Foxo3a expression decreased in invasive UC; patients with low Foxo3a expression had poor disease-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival; Foxo3a knockdown in UC cells increased cellular motility. Foxo3a negatively regulated Twist1 and Y-box–binding protein 1 (YB-1), and positively regulated E-cadherin in KK47 and TCCsup cells that expressed Twist1, but not in T24 cells that did not express Twist1. Foxo3a-associated acetyltransferase p300 and Foxo3a acetylation status also affected UC motility.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that Foxo3a regulates motility of UC through negative regulation of Twist1 and YB-1, and through positive regulation of E-cadherin. This suggests that Foxo3a could act as an independent prognostic factor in UC and could represent a promising molecular target for cancer therapeutics. Clin Cancer Res; 16(23); 5654–63. ©2010 AACR.

Supplementary Tables S1-S2.

Background and purpose Botulinum toxin (BT) injection into the laryngeal muscles has been a standard treatment for spasmodic dysphonia (SD). However, few high‐quality clinical studies have appeared, and BT is used off‐label in most countries. Methods We performed a multicenter, placebo‐controlled, randomized, double‐blinded, parallel‐group comparison/open‐label clinical trial to obtain approval for BT (Botox) therapy in Japan. Twenty‐four patients (22 with adductor SD and two with abductor SD) were enrolled. The primary end point was the change in the number of aberrant morae (phonemes) at 4 weeks after drug injection. The secondary end points included the change in the number of aberrant morae, GRBAS scale, Voice Handicap Index (VHI), and visual analog scale (VAS) over the entire study period. Results In the adductor SD group, the number of aberrant morae at 4 weeks after injection was reduced by 7.0 ± 2.30 (mean ± SE) in the BT group and 0.2 ± 0.46 in the placebo group (p = 0.0148). The improvement persisted for 12 weeks following BT injections. The strain element in GRBAS scale significantly reduced at 2 weeks after BT treatment. The VHI and VAS scores as subjective parameters also improved. In the abductor SD group, one patient responded to treatment. Adverse events included breathy hoarseness (77.3%) and aspiration when drinking (40.9%) but were mild and resolved in 4 weeks. Conclusions Botulinum toxin injection was safe and efficacious for the treatment of SD. Based on these results, BT injection therapy was approved as an SD treatment in Japan., The number of aberrant morae (phonemes) decreased significantly at 2 to 12 weeks after botulinum toxin injection into the thyroarytenoid muscle in patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia, whereas the placebo group showed insignificant change. This study showed the significant effectiveness of botulinum toxin therapy for spasmodic dysphonia.

We study a three-leg spin-1/2 ladder with geometrically frustrated interleg interactions. We call this model an anisotropic triangular-strip (ATS) model. We numerically and field-theoretically show that its ground state belongs to a gapless symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phase. The numerical approach is based on density-matrix renormalization group analyses of the entanglement entropy and the entanglement spectrum. Whereas the entanglement entropy exhibits a critical behavior, the entanglement spectrum is nontrivially degenerate. These entanglement properties imply that the ground state is a gapless topological phase. We investigate the ATS model using a quantum field theory to support the numerical findings. When the frustrated interchain interaction is deemed a perturbation acting on the three spin chains, the frustrated interchain interaction almost isolates the second chain from the other two chains. However, at the same time, the second chain mediates a ferromagnetic interaction between the first and third chains. Therefore, the ground state of the ATS model is a gapless Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid weakly coupled to a spin-1 Haldane chain with irrelevant interactions. Last but not least, we show that the gapless SPT phase of the ATS model is a symmetry-protected critical phase. We point out that the symmetry protection of criticality is essential in characterization of the gapless SPT phase.

We prove the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) theorem on the energy spectrum of a general two or three-dimensional quantum many-body system with the U(1) particle number conservation and translation symmetry. Especially, it is demonstrated that the theorem holds in a system with long-range interactions. To this end, we introduce approximate magnetic translation symmetry under the total magnetic flux $\Phi=2\pi$ instead of the exact translation symmetry, and explicitly construct low energy variational states. The energy spectrum at $\Phi=2\pi$ is shown to agree with that at $\Phi=0$ in the thermodynamic limit, which concludes the LSM theorem., Comment: 5 pages

We demonstrate solution processing of hydrogen-terminated silicon nanocrystals (H-Si NCs) for flexible electronic devices. To obtain high and uniform conductivity of a solution-processed Si NC film, we adopt a perfectly dispersed colloidal H-Si NC solution. We show a high conductivity (2 X 10(-5) S/cm) of a solution-processed H-Si NC film which is spin-coated in air. The NC film (area: 100 mm(2)) has uniform conductivity and responds to laser irradiation with 6.8 and 24.1 μs of rise and fall time. By using time-of-flight measurements, we propose a charge transport model in the H-Si NC film. For the proof-of-concept of this study, a flexible photodetector on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate is demonstrated by spin-coating colloidal H-Si NC solution in air. The photodetector can be bent in 5.9 mm bending radius at smallest, and the device properly works after being bent in 2500 cycles.

Objective Little is known about the cortisol awakening response (CAR) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we examined the CAR in children with ADHD and their mothers before, immediately after, and 4 months after an intensive summer treatment program (STP). Methods Participants were 37 children aged 7–12 years who completed the STP in 2009 and 2010, and their mothers. Daily saliva samples for cortisol measurement were collected twice daily at awakening and 30 min afterwards at pre-STP, post-STP, and during a follow-up measurement period. ADHD symptom scores were evaluated by parents, and participants completed the Kid-KINDL R QOL questionnaire. Results CAR was low in children with ADHD before the STP, and increased to the control range 4 months after STP. Maternal CAR also tended to increase after STP. Changes in the CAR in children tended to correlate with an improved ADHD inattention scores ( p = 0.091), physical health ( p = 0.070), and school life subscales scores in the Kid-KINDL R ( p = 0.079). Conclusion We demonstrated that STP improved the behavior and QOL of children with ADHD. Our results indicate that STP could lead to improvements in HPA axis function, as reflected by increased CAR after STP.

We study quantum criticality of spinless fermions on the quasi one dimensional $\pi$-flux square lattice in cylinder geometry, by using the infinite density matrix renormalization group and abelian bosonization. For a series of the cylinder circumferences $L_y=4n+2=2, 6, \cdots$ with the periodic boundary condition, there are quantum phase transitions from gapped Dirac fermion states to charge density wave (CDW) states. We find that the quantum phase transitions for such circumferences are continuous and belong to the (1+1)-dimensional Ising universality class. On the other hand, when $L_y=4n=4, 8, \cdots$, there are gapless Dirac fermions at the non-interacting point and the phase transition to the CDW state is Gaussian. Both of these two criticalities are described in a unified way by the bosonization. We clarify their intimate relationship and demonstrate that a central charge $c=1/2$ Ising transition line arises as a critical state of an emergent Majorana fermion from the $c=2$ Gaussian transition point., Comment: 7 pages

Tracheal epithelial cells maintain airway homeostasis by mediating mucociliary clearance. Following tracheal reconstruction, timely epithelial regeneration is required to prevent respiratory compromise and infectious diseases. To achieve rapid tracheal epithelial regeneration, a heparin cross-linked collagen sponge containing fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) was prepared as a graft for tracheal reconstruction. The heparin cross-linked sponge exhibited a high FGF-2 retaining capacity, and tracheal epithelial and mesenchymal cells cultured in this sponge containing FGF-2 showed high proliferative capacities. Subsequently, heparin-free collagen sponge scaffolds (C/F scaffold) and collagen sponge scaffolds cross-linked with 10 μg/ml heparin retained FGF-2 (C/H10/F scaffold), and were transplanted into rats with tracheal defects. Invasion of both epithelial and non-epithelial cells was greater in rats treated with the C/H10/F scaffold at 1 week post-transplantation than in rats treated with the C/F scaffold. Moreover, at 2 weeks after transplantation, improved cilia formation was observed in the C/H10/F scaffold group, with higher motility and more potent posterior-anterior flow generation than in the C/F scaffold group. These results suggest that heparin improves functional regeneration of tracheal epithelium. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

We demonstrate formation of allylamine (Mm) and acrylic acid (Mc)-functionalized colloidal silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) exhibiting near-infrared (NIR) luminescence and immobilization of the NCs on substrates via covalent bond. The surface functionalization is confirmed by IR absorption spectroscopy and specific binding property of functionalized NCs. Atomic force microscope observations reveal that AAm- and AAc-functionalized Si NCs are chemically immobilized on self-assembled monolayers via covalent bonds. The functionalized Si NCs exhibit photoluminescence in a NIR region (1.5–1.6 eV), which is not significantly affected by the functionalization.

Tight fixation of the artificial trachea is important for epithelialization and tracheal stenosis.The authors have developed an artificial trachea and have used it for tracheal reconstruction. Although various studies on tracheal reconstruction have been conducted, no studies have examined the effect of artificial tracheal fixation on tracheal stenosis and regeneration. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of artificial tracheal fixation.Preliminary animal experiment.Artificial tracheae were implanted into rabbits with partial tracheal defects. Tracheal stenosis and regeneration of the tracheal epithelium on the artificial tracheae were evaluated by endoscopic examination, scanning electron microscopic analysis, and histological examination. The artificial tracheae fixed to the tracheal defects were classified into three groups (0-point, 4-point, and 8-point) by the number of fixation points.At 14 and 28 days post-implantation, the luminal surface of the implantation area was mostly covered with epithelium in all fixation groups. However, a small amount of granulation tissue was observed in the 0-point fixation group at 14 days post-implantation. Moreover, tracheal stenosis did not occur in the 8-point fixation group, but stenosis was detected in the other groups.

The vapor–liquid equilibria for Ar (1) + Ar_dimer (2) system were calculated by molecular dynamics simulation to test the athermal terms of activity coefficient models. The calculations were carried out at 141 K. The interatomic distance between two atoms in Ar_dimer molecule was fixed to the distance of the first peak of the radial distribution function of pure Ar at 141 K. Lennard-Jones potential was adopted for the interatomic potentials between Ar–Ar, Ar–atom in Ar_dimer, and atom in Ar_dimer–atom in Ar_dimer. The number of atoms used for the calculations were from 3000 to 4200. The calculated results of activity coefficients for Ar (1) + Ar_dimer (2) system at 141 K are smaller than unity, and are between the calculated results by Flory–Huggins equation based on hard-core volume and that based on volume.

We present a theory of a hybrid quantum liquid state, $\textit{quantum spin-dipole liquid}$ (QSDL), in a hydrogen-bonded electron system, by combining a quantum proton ice and Anderson's resonating valence bond spin liquid theory, motivated by the recent experimental discovery of a quantum spin liquid with proton fluctuations in $\kappa$-H$_3$(Cat-EDT-TTF)$_2$ (a.k.a. H-Cat). In our theory, an electron spin liquid and a proton dipole liquid are realized simultaneously in the ground state called $\textit{quantum valence bond ice}$. In this state, neither of them can be established independently of the other. Analytical and numerical calculations reveal that this state has a large entanglement entropy between spins and dipoles, which is far beyond the (crude) Born-Oppenheimer approximation. We also examine the stability of QSDL with respect to perturbations and discuss implications for experiments in H-Cat and its deuterated analog D-Cat., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures

Cylindrical vector beam (CVB) is a structured lightwave characterized by its topologically nontrivial nature of the optical polarization. The unique electromagnetic field configuration of CVBs has been exploited to optical tweezers, laser accelerations, and so on. However, use of CVBs in research fields outside optics such as condensed matter physics has not progressed. In this paper, we propose potential applications of CVBs to those fields based on a general argument on their absorption by matter. We show that pulse azimuthal CVBs around terahertz (THz) or far-infrared frequencies can be a unique and powerful mean for time-resolved spectroscopy of magnetic properties of matter and claim that an azimuthal electric field of a pulse CVB would be a novel way of studying and controlling edge currents in topological materials. We also demonstrate how powerful CVBs will be as a tool for Floquet engineering of nonequilibrium states of matter., 15 pages, 5 figures

This study examined the effects of using an e-portfolio system to identify concerns raised during sessions at Kansai University Writing Center. The ratio of sessions whereby tutors asked students about their problems and progress was significantly high during sessions when users dropped in or were first-time repeaters. The results indicate that one of the e-portfolio systems used by Kansai University, TEC book, gathers and shares information about students and the historical data of instructional results, thus promoting the meeting at the beginning of sessions. Since both tutors and students cooperate in these sessions, it is important for tutors to quickly and easily understand students' concerns. E-portfolio systems such as TEC book can be one of the best kinds of support for writing sessions.

This paper is a report on the design of Japanese writing in e-learning, based on the IDEAL model in undergraduate education. Construction of the IDEAL model involves the following steps: Identify problems and opportunities, define goals, explore possible strategies, anticipate outcomes and act, and look back and learn. We identified writing problems by 1) analyzing students' usage history of the writing center and 2) comparing freshmen's report before and after usage of the writing center in the first year. We then defined the problems based on the analyses and explored alternative solutions. To apply the solutions, an e-learning program, comprising 29 lessons, was developed to nurture Japanese writing skills at the undergraduate level. The e-learning program consisted of five categories: 1) "Before writing," 2) "Gathering information," 3) "How to write: sentence structure," 4) "How to write: sentence expressions," 5) "Reflecting on your report." These learning materials were also integrated with tutoring at writing centers and support faculty staff to teach effective writing lessons. Based on these analyses, we developed e-learning materials. This paper follows the process of developing and accessing web-based learning material for Japanese writing. According to the results of the questionnaire, the effectiveness of e-learning was revealed.

We discuss the orbital angular momentum (OAM) and the edge mass current in neutral fermionic superfluids with broken time reversal symmetry. Recent mean field studies imply that total OAM of a uniform superfluid depends on boundary conditions and is not a thermodynamic quantity. We point out that this does not conflict with thermodynamics, because there is no intensive external field conjugate to OAM with which a uniform superfluid is stable in the thermodynamic limit, in sharp contrast to the orbital magnetization in a non-superfluid system. We establish a simple physical picture for the sensitivity of OAM to boundaries by introducing the notion of "unpaired fermions" and "fermionic Landau criterion" within a mean field description. In order to go beyond the mean field approximation, we perform a density matrix renormalization group calculation and conclude that the mean field understanding is essentially correct., 15 pages, 8 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. B

We retrospectively analyzed 54 patients who died of head and neck squamous cell caricinoma regarding the process and duration of cachexia using the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS). The patients were classified as having cachexia when the serum albumin level was less than 3.5 mg/dL and the C-reactive protein (CRP) level was more than 0.5 mg/dL. The number of patients with cachexia was eight (8%) at the first visit and 50 (93%) at the time of death. In the 50 patients, the median and average time of having cachexia was 59 and 95 days, respectively. Thirty-two of the 50 patients (64%) died within three months after the presence of cachexia was confirmed. In this study, the time of having cachexia was so short, then the policy of care should be converted from aggressive into supportive in patients classified as having cachexia. mGPS would be an accurate assessment tool for cachexia and ascertain the end stage of head and neck cancer patients.

Objective: We developed an in situ regeneration-inducible artificial trachea composed of a porcine collagen sponge and polypropylene framework and used it for tracheal reconstruction. In the present study, collagen sponges with different structures were prepared from various concentrations of collagen solutions, and their effect on the regeneration of tracheal epithelium was examined. Methods: Collagen sponges were prepared from type I and III collagen solutions. The structures of the sponges were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Artificial tracheae, which were formed using the collagen sponges with different structures, were implanted into rabbits, and regeneration of the tracheal epithelium on the artificial tracheae was evaluated by SEM analysis and histological examination. Results: The SEM analysis showed that collagen sponges prepared from 0.5% and 1.0% collagen solutions had a porous structure. However, the sponges prepared from a 1.5% collagen solution had a nonporous structure. After implantation of artificial tracheae prepared from 0.5% and 1.0% collagen solutions, their luminal surfaces were mostly covered with epithelium within 14 days. However, epithelial reorganization occurred later on artificial tracheae prepared from the 1.5% collagen solution. Conclusion: Collagen sponges with a porous structure are suitable for regeneration of the tracheal epithelium in our artificial trachea.

Motivated by the recent theoretical and experimental progress in the heavy fermion system UCoGe, we study ferromagnetic chiral superconductors in the presence of magnetic domains. Within mean field approximations, it is shown that chiral superconducting domains are naturally induced by the ferromagnetic domains. The domain wall current flows in the opposite direction to the naively expected one as in $^3$He-A phase due to contributions from "unpaired electrons". Consequently, the domain wall current flows in the same direction with that of surface currents when the magnetic domain wall lies parallel to the sample surface, and therefore they contribute to the net current along the whole sample. We find that, due to the non-cancellation between the domain wall current and surface current, a Fulde-Ferrell-like superconducting state can be stabilized in an anisotropic sample for all the temperatures below the superconducting transition temperature., 11 pages

A B S T R A C T Objective: To determine the validity of sentinel node navigation surgery (SNNS) in early stage tongue cancer, the occurrence rate of postoperative cervical metastasis (POCM) after lead plate technique (LPT) introduction and survival rates in patients who underwent SNNS were analyzed. Methods: SNNS was performed in 29 patients (stage I: 14, stage II: 15) from 2000 to 2007. Tc-labeled phytate was prepared as a radiotracer a day before SNNS. The sentinel node (SN) was then examined pathologically during surgery. For cases where metastasis in SN was positive, neck dissection was performed. Occurrence of POCM after LPT introduction was compared with that before LPT introduction. 'Wait and see' policy was performed in 52 patients (stage I: 27, stage II: 25) from 1987 to 1999 as a historical control. The observation period of SNNS cases and 'wait and see' policy cases ranged from 10 months to 165 months (median: 91 months) and from 7 months to 268 months (median: 87 months), respectively. Results: Six of the 29 SNNS cases (21%) were proven metastatic SNs. Before LPT introduction, POCM occurred in 2 of the 15 cases, while we had no occurrences after LPT introduction. The 5-year overall survival rate of the 29 patients who underwent SNNS and the 52 patients with 'wait and see' policy were 96% and 84%, respectively, and there was statistical significance in the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: As the survival rate of the patients with the SNNS tended to be better than that with the 'wait and see' policy in our cases, SNNS could avoid unnecessary neck dissection. SNNS provides useful information regarding decision-making for neck dissection in early stage tongue cancer.

We examined whether the ploidy level of eggs from sexual and parthenogenetic females of the weevil Scepticus insularis changes when field-collected, egg-bearing females are exposed to low temperature, as suggested by a previous study. We observed no change in ploidy level in eggs laid by sexual females (n = 15) treated by low temperature (1.1-6.7°C). In contrast, eggs laid by parthenogenetic females were not stable in ploidy level, as 11 of 16 females tested laid both diploid and triploid eggs even before the low-temperature treatment. After the low-temperature treatment, the proportion of triploid eggs to total eggs increased in nine individuals and decreased in the rest, and the effect of the treatment on the overall change in frequency was significant. Our results thus show that exposure to cold does not induce a change in egg ploidy in the sexual form of S. insularis, although cold may affect ploidy levels in the eggs of parthenogens. Additionally, eggs laid by laboratory-reared, virgin sexual females (n = 13) did not hatch after the low-temperature treatment, indicating that the treatment did not induce parthenogenetic reproduction in normally sexually reproducing females of S. insularis. We also examined the effect of low temperature on the ploidy level of eggs from parthenogenetic females (n = 4) of another weevil species, Catapionus gracilicornis, and confirmed that the proportion of triploid eggs steeply decreased and that of diploid eggs increased after exposure to cold, being consistent with those of previous studies.

Objectives/Hypothesis In this study, a bioengineered trachea composed of autologous chondrocytes was developed, and its effect on cartilaginous regeneration was evaluated by implantation into tracheal defects in rabbits. Study Design Prospective controlled trial in an animal model. Methods The tracheal prosthesis used in this study was composed of polypropylene (the frame) and collagen sponge (the scaffold). Chondrocytes were harvested from the costal cartilage of rabbits and seeded into the tracheal prosthesis. The bioengineered trachea, consisting of the tracheal prosthesis with chondrocytes, was implanted into surgically created tracheal defects of rabbits in the bioengineered group, and a tracheal prosthesis without chondrocytes was implanted in the control group. Results After implantation, the presence of regenerated cartilage was observed in the bioengineered trachea but not in the tracheal prosthesis without chondrocytes. Conclusions It was confirmed in this study that the implanted chondrocytes proliferated in an appropriate portion of the tracheal defect and that the partially resected tracheal cartilage was repaired with regenerated cartilaginous tissue into a ring-shaped form as a whole. These results demonstrate the feasibility of cartilaginous regeneration using a bioengineered trachea with autologous chondrocytes Laryngoscope, 123:2195–2201, 2013 Level of Evidence NA

Objectives/Hypothesis Our group has developed a collagen vitrigel sponge scaffold containing basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) for tracheal reconstruction. In this study, we have investigated the regenerative process of tracheal epithelium histologically and morphologically. Study Design A preliminary animal experiment. Methods A collagen vitrigel sponge scaffold was fabricated with simultaneous addition of 100 ng b-FGF. Tracheotomies were performed, and collagen vitrigel sponge scaffolds were implanted on tracheal defects in rats. At 5, 7, and 14 days after implantation, the intraluminal surface of the regenerated tracheae was observed using endoscope. Histological examination of the intraluminal regenerated trachea was performed using light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Results Endoscopic images showed epithelial regeneration at 7 days after implantation. Light microscopic examination detected stratified epithelium at 5 days, columnar cells at 7 days, and ciliated cells at 14 days after implantation. Scanning electron microscopy images showed regenerated epithelial cells at 5 and 7 days, and ciliated cells at 14 days after implantation. Conclusions The horizontal section and luminal area of the regenerated epithelium were investigated. The epithelium was formed at 5 days, and mature cilia were found at 14 days after implantation. Epithelium of equality equivalent to normal trachea was regenerated in a rat model with collagen vitrigel-scaffold containing b-FGF at 14 days. Level of Evidence N/A.

Laryngeal myxoma is a rare benign neoplasm of uncertain mesenchymal cell origin and often misdiagnosed as a vocal fold polyp [1]. The term ‘myxoma’ was introduced by Virchow in 1871. The histological findings of myxoma were described to resemble a mucinous substance of the umbilical cord [2]. To the best of ourknowledge, there are only eleven reported cases to date [1,3]. Here, we report two cases of laryngeal myxoma. Direct laryngomicrosurgery was performed under general anesthesia. The lesions have been stable without recurrence. Myxoma has a high incidence of local recurrence, because myxoma tends to infiltrate the surrounding tissue [4]. Further follow up might be necessary.

We study lattice superconductors such as attractive Hubbard models. As is well known, Bloch's theorem asserts absence of persistent current in ground states and equilibrium states for general fermion systems. While the statement of the theorem is true, we can show that the theorem cannot exclude possibility of a surface persistent current. Such a current can be stabilized by boundary magnetic fields which do not penetrate into the bulk region of a superconductor, provided emergence of massive photons, i.e., Meissner effect. Therefore, we can expect that a surface persistent current is realized for a ground/equilibrium state in the sense of stability against local perturbations. We also apply Elitzur's theorem to superconductors at finite temperatures. As a result, we prove absence of symmetry breaking of the global $U(1)$ phase of electrons for almost all gauge fields. These observations suggest that the nature of superconductivity is the emergence of massive photons rather than the symmetry breaking of the $U(1)$ phase of electrons., 18 pages, v2: minor corrections

Vocal nodules are generally caused by vocal abuse, and conservative treatments such as voice therapy have been advocated as a first-choice treatment for vocal nodules. Reports of vocal fold lesions related to autoimmune diseases, such as bamboo nodules, are rare in the literature. Here we report a very rare case of bamboo nodules in a 30-year-old woman treated by steroid injection into the vocal folds by videoendoscopic laryngeal surgery in an outpatient setting. She was successfully treated without further recurrence. This report indicates that a steroid injection into bamboo nodules might be a useful treatment option, especially in patients who have not shown any improvement after conservative treatments.