22 results on '"Yates KL"'
Search Results
2. Seascape ecology: identifying research priorities for an emerging ocean sustainability science
- Author
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Pittman, SJ, primary, Yates, KL, additional, Bouchet, PJ, additional, Alvarez-Berastegui, D, additional, Andréfouët, S, additional, Bell, SS, additional, Berkström, C, additional, Boström, C, additional, Brown, CJ, additional, Connolly, RM, additional, Devillers, R, additional, Eggleston, D, additional, Gilby, BL, additional, Gullström, M, additional, Halpern, BS, additional, Hidalgo, M, additional, Holstein, D, additional, Hovel, K, additional, Huettmann, F, additional, Jackson, EL, additional, James, WR, additional, Kellner, JB, additional, Kot, CY, additional, Lecours, V, additional, Lepczyk, C, additional, Nagelkerken, I, additional, Nelson, J, additional, Olds, AD, additional, Santos, RO, additional, Scales, KL, additional, Schneider, DC, additional, Schilling, HT, additional, Simenstad, C, additional, Suthers, IM, additional, Treml, EA, additional, Wedding, LM, additional, Yates, P, additional, and Young, M, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A standard protocol for reporting species distribution models
- Author
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Zurrel, D, Franklin, J, König, C, Yates, KL, Zimmerman, N, and Merow, C
- Abstract
Species distribution models (SDMs) constitute the most common class of models\ud across ecology, evolution and conservation. The advent of ready-to-use software pack\ud -\ud ages and increasing availability of digital geoinformation have considerably assisted\ud the application of SDMs in the past decade, greatly enabling their broader use for\ud informing conservation and management, and for quantifying impacts from global\ud change. However, models must be fit for purpose, with all important aspects of their\ud development and applications properly considered. Despite the widespread use of\ud SDMs, standardisation and documentation of modelling protocols remain limited,\ud which makes it hard to assess whether development steps are appropriate for end use.\ud To address these issues, we propose a standard protocol for reporting SDMs, with an\ud emphasis on describing how a study’s objective is achieved through a series of model\ud -\ud ing decisions. We call this the ODMAP (Overview, Data, Model, Assessment and\ud Prediction) protocol, as its components reflect the main steps involved in building\ud SDMs and other empirically-based biodiversity models. The ODMAP protocol serves\ud two main purposes. First, it provides a checklist for authors, detailing key steps for model building and analyses, and thus represents a quick guide and generic workflow for modern SDMs. Second, it introduces\ud a structured format for documenting and communicating the models, ensuring transparency and reproducibility, facilitating\ud peer review and expert evaluation of model quality, as well as meta-analyses. We detail all elements of ODMAP, and explain\ud how it can be used for different model objectives and applications, and how it complements efforts to store associated metadata\ud and define modelling standards. We illustrate its utility by revisiting nine previously published case studies, and provide an\ud interactive web-based application to facilitate its use. We plan to advance ODMAP by encouraging its further refinement and\ud adoption by the scientific community.
- Published
- 2020
4. A standard protocol for reporting species distribution models
- Author
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Zurell, D, Franklin, J, Koenig, C, Bouchet, PJ, Dormann, CF, Elith, J, Fandos, G, Feng, X, Guillera-Arroita, G, Guisan, A, Lahoz-Monfort, JJ, Leitao, PJ, Park, DS, Peterson, AT, Rapacciuolo, G, Schmatz, DR, Schroeder, B, Serra-Diaz, JM, Thuiller, W, Yates, KL, Zimmermann, NE, Merow, C, Zurell, D, Franklin, J, Koenig, C, Bouchet, PJ, Dormann, CF, Elith, J, Fandos, G, Feng, X, Guillera-Arroita, G, Guisan, A, Lahoz-Monfort, JJ, Leitao, PJ, Park, DS, Peterson, AT, Rapacciuolo, G, Schmatz, DR, Schroeder, B, Serra-Diaz, JM, Thuiller, W, Yates, KL, Zimmermann, NE, and Merow, C
- Published
- 2020
5. Meaningful stakeholder participation in marine spatial planning with offshore energy
- Author
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Yates, KL, Yates, KL, and Bradshaw, C
- Subjects
Marine conservation ,Seascape ,Competition (economics) ,Process management ,Transparency (graphic) ,Perspective (graphical) ,Stakeholder ,Stakeholder engagement ,Marine spatial planning ,Business - Abstract
Within an increasingly busy seascape, competition between different uses of marine resources is growing. Offshore-energy generation in particular is expanding rapidly, with implications for both existing users and nature conservation. Marine spatial planning is seen as the primary tool for mitigating conflicts and optimising resources allocation, and within its processes, effective and timely stakeholder involvement is essential to success. In reality, however, stakeholder involvement in planning is rarely seen as effective, especially from the stakeholders’ perspective. Using illustrative examples, I review why stakeholder involvement is so important, what constitutes meaningful participation, and what prevents the successful incorporation of stakeholders into planning processes, examining issues of integration, transparency and communication. I look at how stakeholder engagement in planning process driven by pressure to expand offshore energy can have unique characteristics that need to be accounted for. Finally, I consider ways to make stakeholder participation in planning inclusive, meaningful, and transparent. In particular I describe how participatory mapping can be used to collect quantitative, spatial stakeholder data that can be incorporated into trade-off analysis and optimisation processes.
- Published
- 2018
6. Conserving European biodiversity across realms
- Author
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Giakoumi, S, Hermoso, V, Carvalho, S, Markantonatou, V, Dagys, M, Iwamura, T, Probst, W, Smith, R, Yates, KL, Almpanidou, V, Novak, T, Ben-Moshe, N, Katsanevakis, S, Claudet, J, Coll, M, Deidun, A, Essl, F, Garcia-Charton, JA, Jimenez, C, Kark, S, Mandić, M, Mazaris, A, Rabitsch, W, Stelzenmüller, V, Tricarico, E, and Vogiatzakis, I
- Subjects
Habitats Directive ,threats ,Birds Directive ,Red List ,integrated management ,multi-realm species ,conservation planning ,EU Biodiversity Strategy ,funding priorities ,Red Lis ,QH75 ,Biology - Abstract
Terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems are connected via multiple biophysical and ecological processes. Identifying and quantifying links among ecosystems is necessary for the uptake of integrated conservation actions across realms. Such actions are particularly important for species using habitats in more than one realm during their daily or life cycle. We reviewed information on the habitats of 2,408 species of European conservation concern and found that 30% of the species use habitats in multiple realms. Transportation and service corridors, which fragment species habitats, were identified as the most important threat impacting similar to 70% of the species. We examined information on 1,567 European Union (EU) conservation projects funded over the past 25 years, to assess the adequacy of efforts toward the conservation of "multi-realm" species at a continental scale. We discovered that less than a third of multi-realm species benefited from projects that included conservation actions across multiple realms. To achieve the EU's conservation target of halting biodiversity loss by 2020 and effectively protect multi-realm species, integrated conservation efforts across realms should be reinforced by: (1) recognizing the need for integrated management at a policy level, (2) revising conservation funding priorities across realms, and (3) implementing integrated land-freshwater-sea conservation planning and management.
- Published
- 2018
7. Multi-industry marine spatial planning: assessing trade-offs and co-location opportunities with fishing, conservation and offshore renewable energy
- Author
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Yates, KL
- Published
- 2017
8. Assessing the transferability of biodiversity models across a temperate seascape
- Author
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Yates, KL
- Published
- 2016
9. Planning for a changing climate: using velocities and trajectories of sea temperature change to inform marine protected area planning
- Author
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Yates, KL
- Published
- 2013
10. Assessing the transferability of biodiversity models
- Author
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Yates, KL
11. Course of Infection and Humoral Response to Leishmania major in Inbred Meriones unguiculatus
- Author
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Jon A. Yates, G. I. Higashi, Othman M, Saliba Ek, Schmitz K, and Yates Kl
- Subjects
Spleen ,Leishmaniasis ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Immune system ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunology ,Humoral immunity ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Parasitology ,Natural reservoir ,Leishmania major ,Lymph ,Antibody ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Numerous species of Meriones have been incriminated as natural reservoir hosts of Leishmania major in Mongolia, Soviet Asia, Afghanistan, the Middle East, and North Africa. However, little is known about the immunological response or course of infection in these small rodents. In this study, 40 commercially obtained inbred Meriones unguiculatus were divided into equal groups and injected in the right hind footpad with various doses of L. major promastigotes or with medium only. At regular intervals, blood was collected from the animals for subsequent evaluation of the kinetics of anti-L. major serum antibody production. Footpad lesions were measured periodically for 13 wk, beginning just before infection. The humoral response to infection and the course and severity of disease were dose related. However, metastasis lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and secondary cutaneous sites occurred at each of the doses tested.
- Published
- 1989
12. Advancing the use of evolutionary considerations in spatial conservation planning
- Author
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Robertson, S, Yates, KL, Beck, RMD, and Mariani, S
- Abstract
The existence of life on earth as we know it relies on a diversity of life. Biodiversity underpins vital ecosystems services globally, at all spatial scales, and yet is being lost at an alarming rate. Current extinction rates are estimated to be 100-1000 times higher than the typical background rates observed in the fossil record, with anthropogenic influences being the major driving force. It is therefore widely accepted that biodiversity must be protected. Spatial tools, such as protected areas, are increasingly employed to meet conservation objectives. Despite continuing developments in spatial conservation methods, a fundamental aspect of biodiversity remains largely ignored, namely evolutionary processes. Evolution is the process that generates and maintains biodiversity. However, examples of where evolutionary considerations have been explicitly incorporated into spatial conservation planning remain rare, with metrics such as species richness (which ignore differences in evolutionary distinctiveness between species) more often used. This work aims to address this by focusing on the inclusion of phylogenetic diversity (PD), which measures evolutionary diversity by summing the branch lengths joining a species, or set of species, into protected area planning. A review of the literature revealed that there has been a huge increase, an average 80% increase per year in the last five years, in research around the conservation of PD. However, studies where PD has been specifically included into current spatial conservation practices, namely by incorporating PD into spatial optimisation analyses using tools such as MARXAN, remain rare, although this is changing. There is also a need for further investigation into whether species richness can act as an effective surrogate metric for PD. The dominant approach to incorporate PD into protected area planning, identified in the literature review, is to use phylogenetic tree branches as conservation features, weighted in accordance to their length. This approach, which is referred to here as the “weighted branch-based approach”, was used in a new case study on primates, using MARXAN, to compare the priority areas identified for the conservation of PD with those identified using species-based targets. Large spatial mismatches were found between planning outputs based on PD when compared to outputs based on species, although this was influenced by the availability of area, with the largest mispatches found when area was limited most. No major difference was observed between the amount of PD captured by a PD-based approach versus the amount captured by a species-based approach, suggesting that species richness may be a suitable surrogate metric for PD. Potential issues associated\ud with constraining a planning process in order to account for PD, e.g. getting MARXAN to solve a problem (maximum coverage) that is different to one it was designed to solve (minimum set), provided the impetus to seek a new methodology that accounts for PD while still maintaining MARXAN’s core functionality. This novel method, which maximises PD though the optimised selection of species that can then act as conservation features to set coverage targets for, was tested using a case study for three mammalian orders (Artiodactyla, Carnivora, and Primates). The results of this case study show that differences in PD between species can be used to select sets of species that maximise overall PD within a spatial conservation planning exercise, without the use of penalties or thresholds that are required in a weighted branch-based approach. Despite heated debate, few studies have tried to empirically investigate the impact of changes in species-level taxonomy due to the use of different species concepts (and specifically the use of the Phylogenetic Species Concept [PSC], which tends to recognise more species than other commonly-used concepts) on the conservation of biodiversity. The final research element of this work specifically addresses this gap in knowledge by presenting the first study to analyse the impact of changes in species-level taxonomy on a PD-informed spatial conservation plan, using African bovid species (gazelles, antelopes etc.) as a case study. PD-informed spatial conservation planning has been argued to be relatively unaffected by changes in species-level taxonomy. However, the results presented here show that, while the amount of area required does not change, there are substantial impacts on the location of spatial conservation plans for African bovid species, depending on whether or not a PSC-based species-level taxonomy is used. Collectively, this thesis shows that PD can be successfully incorporated into conservation planning and that it has a major impact on spatial planning outcomes, particularly when resources (in this case, area) are limited. Based on these findings, there is a clear need for future research to investigate the potential for some metrics, for which data may be more readily available e.g. species richness, to act as surrogates for other metrics that capture important dimensions of biodiversity e.g. PD; and that in combination with surrogates there is a need for more integrated approaches to conservation that account for the multidimensional characteristics of biodiversity, as well as further investigation into the implications of taxonomy for biodiversity conservation.
13. A microfluidic approach to study variations in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii alkaline phosphatase activity in response to phosphate availability.
- Author
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Rahnama A, Vaithiyanathan M, Briceno-Mena L, Dugas TM, Yates KL, Romagnoli JA, and Melvin AT
- Subjects
- Phosphates metabolism, Phosphates analysis, Phosphates chemistry, Single-Cell Analysis methods, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques methods, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques instrumentation, Phosphorus metabolism, Phosphorus chemistry, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii metabolism, Alkaline Phosphatase metabolism, Alkaline Phosphatase analysis
- Abstract
Algal growth depends strongly on phosphorus (P) as a key nutrient, underscoring the significance of monitoring P levels. Algal species display a sensitive response to fluctuations in P availability, notably through the expression of alkaline phosphatase (AP) when challenged with P-depletion. As such, alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) serves as a valuable metric for P availability, offering insights into how algae utilize and fix available P resources. However, current APA quantification methods lack single cell resolution, while also being time- and reagent consuming. Microfluidics offers a promising cost-effective solution to these limitations, providing a platform for precise single-cell analysis. In this study, a trap-based microfluidic device was integrated with a commercially available AP live stain to study the single cell APA response of a model algae strain, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , when exposed to different exogenous P levels. A three-step culture-starve-spike process was used to induce APA in cells cultured under two different basal P levels (1 and 21 mM). When challenged with different spiked P levels (ranging from 0.1-41 mM), C. reinhardtii cells demonstrated a highly heterogeneous APA response. Two-way ANOVA confirmed that this response is influenced by both spiked and basal P levels. Utilizing an unsupervised machine learning approach (HDBSCAN), distinct subpopulations of C. reinhardtii cells were identified exhibiting varying levels of APA at the single-cell level. These subpopulations encompass significant groups of individual cells with either notably high or low APA, contributing to the overall behavior of the cohorts. Considerable intrapopulation differences in APA were observed across cohorts with similar average behavior. For instance, while some cohorts exhibited a concentrated distribution around the overall average APA, others displayed subpopulations dispersed across a wider range of APA levels. This underscores the potential bias introduced by analyzing a small number of cells in bulk, which may skew results by overrepresenting extreme behavioral subpopulations. The findings if this study highlight the need for analytical approaches that account for single cell heterogeneity in APA and demonstrate the utility of microfluidics as a well-suited means for such investigations. This study illuminates the complexities of APA regulation at the single cell level, providing crucial insights that advance our understanding of algal phosphorus metabolism and environmental responses.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Gabapentin reduces stress and does not affect ocular parameters in clinically normal cats.
- Author
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Crowe YC, Groth AD, Billson FM, White J, Coall SM, Yates KL, and Premont JE
- Subjects
- Cats, Animals, Gabapentin pharmacology, Gabapentin therapeutic use, Tonometry, Ocular, Intraocular Pressure, Double-Blind Method, Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids pharmacology, Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids therapeutic use
- Abstract
Objective: To describe the effects of gabapentin on ocular and behavioral parameters following oral administration in healthy cats., Materials and Methods: Masked, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover-design study. Ten young, healthy cats were scheduled for two veterinary visits 7 days apart and randomly assigned to receive a compounded capsule containing 100 mg of gabapentin or placebo (100 mg lactose powder) at the first visit and the opposite treatment at the second visit. Respiratory rate, heart rate, stress score, sedation score, compliance score, horizontal pupil diameter, intraocular pressure, and Schirmer tear test-1 were measured prior to and 1.5, 3, and 6 h following capsule administration. Stress score, sedation score, and compliance score were assigned based on established behavioral scales. Results of the two treatments were statistically compared with a p-value <0.05 considered significant., Results: Respiratory rate was significantly reduced at 1.5 (p = 0.049) and 3 (p = 0.03) hours following gabapentin administration. Stress score was significantly reduced at 1.5 (p = 0.01) hours following gabapentin administration. Sedation score was significantly increased at 1.5 (p = 0.015) and 3 (p = 0.03) hours following gabapentin administration. Gabapentin had no significant effect on heart rate, compliance score, or ocular values measured in this study., Conclusions: Gabapentin reduces stress and increases sedation at 1.5 h after treatment, with no significant effect on horizontal pupil diameter, intraocular pressure or Schirmer tear test-1 results., (© 2022 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Evaluation of marine spatial planning requires fit for purpose monitoring strategies.
- Author
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Stelzenmüller V, Cormier R, Gee K, Shucksmith R, Gubbins M, Yates KL, Morf A, Nic Aonghusa C, Mikkelsen E, Tweddle JF, Pecceu E, Kannen A, and Clarke SA
- Subjects
- Human Activities, Humans, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem
- Abstract
Marine spatial planning (MSP) has rapidly become the most widely used integrated, place-based management approach in the marine environment. Monitoring and evaluation of MSP is key to inform best practices, adaptive management and plan iteration. While standardised evaluation frameworks cannot be readily applied, accounting for evaluation essentials such as the definition of evaluation objectives, indicators and stakeholder engagement of stakeholders is a prerequisite for meaningful evaluation outcomes. By way of a literature review and eleven practical MSP case studies, we analysed present day trends in evaluation approaches and unravelled the adoption of evaluation essentials for three categories for monitoring and evaluation for plan making, plan outcomes, and policy implementation. We found that at a global scale the focus of MSP evaluation has shifted over the past decade from evaluating predominantly plan outcomes towards the evaluation of plan making. Independent of the scope of the evaluation, evaluation approaches varied greatly from formal and structured processes, building for instance on MSP goals and objectives, to informal processes based on stakeholder interviews. We noted a trend in the adoption of formalised approaches where MSP evaluations have increasingly become linked to MSP policy goals and objectives. However, the enhanced use of MSP objectives and indicators did not result in a more straightforward reporting of outcomes, e.g. such as the achievement of specific MSP objectives. Overall, we found weak linkages between defined MSP objectives, indicators and available monitoring data. While the apparent shift towards a focus on objectives is promising, we highlight the need of fit-for-purpose monitoring data to enable effective evaluation of those objectives. Hence, effective MSP and adaptive management processes require customised and concurrent monitoring and evaluation strategies and procedures. We argue that evaluation processes would also benefit from a better understanding of the general environmental, socio-economic and socio-cultural effects of MSP. Therefore, to understand better environmental effects of MSP, we praise that forthcoming MSP processes need to deepen the understanding and considerations of cause-effect pathways between human activities and changes of ecosystem state through the adoption of targeted cumulative effects assessments., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Better Model Transfers Require Knowledge of Mechanisms.
- Author
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Bouchet PJ, Peterson AT, Zurell D, Dormann CF, Schoeman D, Ross RE, Snelgrove P, Sequeira AMM, Whittingham MJ, Wang L, Rapacciuolo G, Oppel S, Mellin C, Lauria V, Krishnakumar PK, Jones AR, Heinänen S, Heikkinen RK, Gregr EJ, Fielding AH, Caley MJ, Barbosa AM, Bamford AJ, Lozano-Montes H, Parnell S, Wenger S, and Yates KL
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Outstanding Challenges in the Transferability of Ecological Models.
- Author
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Yates KL, Bouchet PJ, Caley MJ, Mengersen K, Randin CF, Parnell S, Fielding AH, Bamford AJ, Ban S, Barbosa AM, Dormann CF, Elith J, Embling CB, Ervin GN, Fisher R, Gould S, Graf RF, Gregr EJ, Halpin PN, Heikkinen RK, Heinänen S, Jones AR, Krishnakumar PK, Lauria V, Lozano-Montes H, Mannocci L, Mellin C, Mesgaran MB, Moreno-Amat E, Mormede S, Novaczek E, Oppel S, Ortuño Crespo G, Peterson AT, Rapacciuolo G, Roberts JJ, Ross RE, Scales KL, Schoeman D, Snelgrove P, Sundblad G, Thuiller W, Torres LG, Verbruggen H, Wang L, Wenger S, Whittingham MJ, Zharikov Y, Zurell D, and Sequeira AMM
- Subjects
- Ecology methods, Models, Biological
- Abstract
Predictive models are central to many scientific disciplines and vital for informing management in a rapidly changing world. However, limited understanding of the accuracy and precision of models transferred to novel conditions (their 'transferability') undermines confidence in their predictions. Here, 50 experts identified priority knowledge gaps which, if filled, will most improve model transfers. These are summarized into six technical and six fundamental challenges, which underlie the combined need to intensify research on the determinants of ecological predictability, including species traits and data quality, and develop best practices for transferring models. Of high importance is the identification of a widely applicable set of transferability metrics, with appropriate tools to quantify the sources and impacts of prediction uncertainty under novel conditions., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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18. Models of Marine Fish Biodiversity: Assessing Predictors from Three Habitat Classification Schemes.
- Author
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Yates KL, Mellin C, Caley MJ, Radford BT, and Meeuwig JJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Geography, Islands, Regression Analysis, Western Australia, Aquatic Organisms physiology, Biodiversity, Fishes physiology, Models, Theoretical
- Abstract
Prioritising biodiversity conservation requires knowledge of where biodiversity occurs. Such knowledge, however, is often lacking. New technologies for collecting biological and physical data coupled with advances in modelling techniques could help address these gaps and facilitate improved management outcomes. Here we examined the utility of environmental data, obtained using different methods, for developing models of both uni- and multivariate biodiversity metrics. We tested which biodiversity metrics could be predicted best and evaluated the performance of predictor variables generated from three types of habitat data: acoustic multibeam sonar imagery, predicted habitat classification, and direct observer habitat classification. We used boosted regression trees (BRT) to model metrics of fish species richness, abundance and biomass, and multivariate regression trees (MRT) to model biomass and abundance of fish functional groups. We compared model performance using different sets of predictors and estimated the relative influence of individual predictors. Models of total species richness and total abundance performed best; those developed for endemic species performed worst. Abundance models performed substantially better than corresponding biomass models. In general, BRT and MRTs developed using predicted habitat classifications performed less well than those using multibeam data. The most influential individual predictor was the abiotic categorical variable from direct observer habitat classification and models that incorporated predictors from direct observer habitat classification consistently outperformed those that did not. Our results show that while remotely sensed data can offer considerable utility for predictive modelling, the addition of direct observer habitat classification data can substantially improve model performance. Thus it appears that there are aspects of marine habitats that are important for modelling metrics of fish biodiversity that are not fully captured by remotely sensed data. As such, the use of remotely sensed data to model biodiversity represents a compromise between model performance and data availability.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Ocean zoning for conservation, fisheries and marine renewable energy: assessing trade-offs and co-location opportunities.
- Author
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Yates KL, Schoeman DS, and Klein CJ
- Subjects
- Northern Ireland, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Fisheries methods, Oceans and Seas, Renewable Energy
- Abstract
Oceans, particularly coastal areas, are getting busier and within this increasingly human-dominated seascape, marine biodiversity continues to decline. Attempts to maintain and restore marine biodiversity are becoming more spatial, principally through the designation of marine protected areas (MPAs). MPAs compete for space with other uses, and the emergence of new industries, such as marine renewable energy generation, will increase competition for space. Decision makers require guidance on how to zone the ocean to conserve biodiversity, mitigate conflict and accommodate multiple uses. Here we used empirical data and freely available planning software to identified priority areas for multiple ocean zones, which incorporate goals for biodiversity conservation, two types of renewable energy, and three types of fishing. We developed an approached to evaluate trade-offs between industries and we investigated the impacts of co-locating some fishing activities within renewable energy sites. We observed non-linear trade-offs between industries. We also found that different subsectors within those industries experienced very different trade-off curves. Incorporating co-location resulted in significant reductions in cost to the fishing industry, including fisheries that were not co-located. Co-location also altered the optimal location of renewable energy zones with planning solutions. Our findings have broad implications for ocean zoning and marine spatial planning. In particular, they highlight the need to include industry subsectors when assessing trade-offs and they stress the importance of considering co-location opportunities from the outset. Our research reinforces the need for multi-industry ocean-zoning and demonstrates how it can be undertaken within the framework of strategic conservation planning., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Spatial access priority mapping (SAPM) with fishers: a quantitative GIS method for participatory planning.
- Author
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Yates KL and Schoeman DS
- Subjects
- Conservation of Natural Resources, Humans, Fisheries methods, Geographic Information Systems
- Abstract
Spatial management tools, such as marine spatial planning and marine protected areas, are playing an increasingly important role in attempts to improve marine management and accommodate conflicting needs. Robust data are needed to inform decisions among different planning options, and early inclusion of stakeholder involvement is widely regarded as vital for success. One of the biggest stakeholder groups, and the most likely to be adversely impacted by spatial restrictions, is the fishing community. In order to take their priorities into account, planners need to understand spatial variation in their perceived value of the sea. Here a readily accessible, novel method for quantitatively mapping fishers' spatial access priorities is presented. Spatial access priority mapping, or SAPM, uses only basic functions of standard spreadsheet and GIS software. Unlike the use of remote-sensing data, SAPM actively engages fishers in participatory mapping, documenting rather than inferring their priorities. By so doing, SAPM also facilitates the gathering of other useful data, such as local ecological knowledge. The method was tested and validated in Northern Ireland, where over 100 fishers participated in a semi-structured questionnaire and mapping exercise. The response rate was excellent, 97%, demonstrating fishers' willingness to be involved. The resultant maps are easily accessible and instantly informative, providing a very clear visual indication of which areas are most important for the fishers. The maps also provide quantitative data, which can be used to analyse the relative impact of different management options on the fishing industry and can be incorporated into planning software, such as MARXAN, to ensure that conservation goals can be met at minimum negative impact to the industry. This research shows how spatial access priority mapping can facilitate the early engagement of fishers and the ready incorporation of their priorities into the decision-making process in a transparent, quantitative way.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The role of physician assistants in rural health care: a systematic review of the literature.
- Author
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Henry LR, Hooker RS, and Yates KL
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Male, Workforce, Physician Assistants, Professional Role, Rural Health Services
- Abstract
Purpose: A literature review was performed to assess the role of physician assistants (PAs) in rural health care. Four categories were examined: scope of practice, physician perceptions, community perceptions, and retention/recruitment., Methods: A search of the literature from 1974 to 2008 was undertaken by probing the electronic bibliographic databases of English language literature. Criterion for inclusion was original data published on rural PAs. Each paper was assessed and assigned to the four categories., Findings: A total of 51 papers were identified; 28 papers had a primary focus on research and specified PAs in a rural setting. Generally, the literature suggests that PAs provide cost-efficient and supplemental medical services to underserved rural populations and that these services are valued. It also appears that rural PAs possess a larger scope of practice than urban PAs. This broad range of skills and procedures may be necessary to match the extensive health care needs of underserved rural populations. Over a 35-year period of examination, the literature improved in numbers of PAs studied and the quality of research. However, the lack of longitudinal studies was considered a shortcoming of rural health PA observational research., Conclusions: Through this review, some insights about the role of PAs emerged. Overall, they seem well adapted to rural health. Important issues regarding the recruitment and retention of PAs to rural populations also emerged. Improvement in enabling legislation contributes to the utilization of PAs in America., (© 2010 National Rural Health Association.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Course of infection and humoral response to Leishmania major in inbred Meriones unguiculatus.
- Author
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Yates JA, Saliba EK, Yates KL, Schmitz K, Othman M, and Higashi GI
- Subjects
- Animals, Kinetics, Leishmaniasis immunology, Liver parasitology, Male, Antibodies, Protozoan biosynthesis, Gerbillinae parasitology, Leishmania tropica immunology, Leishmaniasis veterinary, Rodent Diseases immunology
- Abstract
Numerous species of Meriones have been incriminated as natural reservoir hosts of Leishmania major in Mongolia, Soviet Asia, Afghanistan, the Middle East, and North Africa. However, little is known about the immunological response or course of infection in these small rodents. In this study, 40 commercially obtained inbred Meriones unguiculatus were divided into equal groups and injected in the right hind footpad with various doses of L. major promastigotes or with medium only. At regular intervals, blood was collected from the animals for subsequent evaluation of the kinetics of anti-L. major serum antibody production. Footpad lesions were measured periodically for 13 wk, beginning just before infection. The humoral response to infection and the course and severity of disease were dose related. However, metastasis lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and secondary cutaneous sites occurred at each of the doses tested.
- Published
- 1989
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