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Sex-related differences in intraocular pressures of the right and left eye was studied in 64 men and 61 women, all young and right-handed. Intraocular pressures of the right and left eye were higher for women than men. Sex-related difference in intraocular pressure may be associated with presence of the sex hormone, oestrogen, in women which reduces sympathetic activity.

Background: To evaluate the morpho-functional outcomes and safety of transconjuctival 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) for removal of intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs). Methods: A retrospective study of 36 consecutive cases (mean age; 34,2 ± 10,9 years (between 15 and 60), 27 M,9 F) of 23-G PPV for the removal of IOFBs during the period of April 2009 and December 2011 and followed 9,4 ± 6,4(2-27) months were conducted. Visual outcomes, slit lamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure (IOP), and posterior segment visualization by indirect ophthalmoscopy, A-B mode ultrasonography, and computed orbital tomography were performed for all cases. Main outcomes including anatomic and visual outcomes, and both intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Results: Of the 36 cases available for the study, the IOFBs (size range, 3 to 12 mm) could be removed in all eyes. Mean preoperative LogMAR BCVA was 1.44 ± 138 (range, 1.00 to 0.00) and mean postoperative LogMAR BCVA at final visit was 0,78 ± 0,98 (range, 1.00 to 0.00). (P = 0,007) Anatomic success was obtained in 97.2 % of eyes. 16 patients needed primary wound repair due to the leakage in insertion sites before the PPV, however remaining 20 cases were not. Fibrin reaction was seen in 8 (22.2 %) patients in early postoperative period, intraocular pressure elevation was detected in 12 (33.3 %) patients in which the silicone oil was used as an intravitreal tamponade, one patient with silicone oil tamponade developed band keratopathy and phthisis bulbi. Conclusions: 23-Gauge PPV is a feasible, effective approach in the surgical management of the patients with posterior segment intraocular foreign bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the 2-year outcomes of phacoemulsification combined with primary posterior curvilinear capsulorhexis (PPCC) in adults. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective case series, 93 eyes of 91 patients with bilateral age-related cataract who underwent phacoemulsification combined with PPCC were evaluated. The study included cases due to postoperative residual posterior capsule opacification despite careful polishing. Data were evaluated on preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity (CDVA) (Snellen acuity), slit-lamp biomicroscopy and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement. Perioperative and postoperative complications were also recorded. Results: The mean follow-up was 24.9 ±13.5 months (range, 12-53 months). At the last visit, 87.1% of the eyes had CDVA ≥ 20/40 and 58% had ≥ 20/25. Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) occurred in 2 (2.2%) of patients. No serious complications such as retinal detachment and endophthalmitis were observed during follow-up. Conclusions: Cataract surgery combined with PPCC is a safe procedure with a low rate of complications over the long term. This procedure reduced the necessity of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy in adults with postoperative residual posterior capsule opacification despite careful polishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA), bevacizumab (IVB), and the combination of IVTA/IVB on the intraocular pressure (IOP) change in a 6-month follow-up period. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and seven eyes of 194 consecutive patients (113 male, mean age 61±10 years) that received an intravitreal injection between January 2007 and January 2008 for the treatment of macular edema were evaluated retrospectively. Group 1 consisted of 100 eyes of 94 patients treated with 4 mg IVTA injection, Group 2 consisted of 32 eyes of 27 patients treated with 1.25 mg IVB, and Group 3 consisted of 75 eyes of 73 patients treated with a combination of 2 mg TA and 1.25 mg bevacizumab. The primary outcome measures of the study were change in IOP and the number of eyes with elevated IOP requiring glaucoma treatment. Results: The initial IOP was similar in all groups (p=0.413). However, in all follow-up examinations the difference between the groups was significant (p value for all visits <0.05). Treatment for elevated IOP was required in 21% eyes following IVTA injection and in 4% eyes following IVTA/IVB injection (p=0.001). None of the eyes that received IVB required glaucoma treatment. IOP rise was highest at one month following IVTA injection and at one week following IVTA/IVB injection. Conclusion: A significant relation between the steroid dose and IOP elevation was found. Reduction of steroid dose resulted in less frequent IOP elevation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Combined cataract surgery and transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy are a good option in patients with cataract and vitreoretinal diseases. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness, outcomes, and complications of combined 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy and cataract surgery. Settings and Design: A retrospective case series was conducted at the Beyoglu Eye Education and Research Hospital. Materials and Methods: In this study, 28 eyes of 28 patients underwent combined 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy and phacoemulsification and IOL implantation for cataract and various posterior segment diseases. The outcome measures included, visual acuity, intraocular pressure changes, and anatomical success were evaluated. Results: The mean follow-up was 4.8 months (range, 3-15 months). Mean overall preoperative visual acuity was 20/333, and final acuity was 20/95 (P < 0.001). Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) on the preoperative and first postoperative day was 15.6 ± 7.5 and 13.8 ± 3.3 mmHg, respectively (P > 0.05). Three eyes (10.7%) had postoperative hypotony (<6 mmHg) that all recovered spontaneously within the first postoperative week. Three eyes (10.7%) required laser treatment for iatrogenic retinal tears. Anatomical success was obtained in all cases. No serious complications such as endophthalmitis were observed during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Combined transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy and phacoemulsification was effective and safe in patients with significant lens opacities and vitreoretinal pathology. Although the anatomic and visual outcomes were satisfactory, the outcomes depended mainly on underlying vitreoretinal pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was planned to show the efficacy and the safety of transluminal Nd:YAG laser embolysis (TYE) in serious sight threatening branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO). Of the three patients treated with TYE, all had good visual recovery with arterial reperfusion. No complication related to procedure was observed. TYE, in limited number of cases, has been shown to be an effective treatment technique in BRAO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]