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Background: dengue infection can be asymptomatic or express itself with a broad clinical spectrum that includes severe and non-severe expressions. Objective: to evaluate the Nursing intervention on knowledge in dengue based on Swanson's theory. Methods: quantitative research of pre-experimental design with pre and post test, contextualized in the Family Physician and Nurse Office No. 5 of the Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo Polyclinic of the municipality and province of Sancti Spíritus, in the period of November 2018 to November 2019. Study variables: level of knowledge of patients about dengue, age, sex, education. A structured interview with the patients was used to learn about the knowledge about the disease. After the intervention was applied, the population proportions were compared using the McNemar test. Results: the most representative group was between the ages of 45-54 years and male sex. The level of completed secondary schooling represents the largest number of individuals. Once the educational activities were completed, the patients included in the research achieved adequate results. The results obtained are encouraging, significantly raising the level of knowledge of the patients after the intervention. Conclusions: the nursing intervention was effective in increasing the level of knowledge about dengue in patients from a family doctor's office. DeCS: EVALUATION STUDIES AS TOPIC; DENGUE/nursing; DENGUE/prevention&control; NURSING RESEARCH; PHYSICIANS' OFFICES.

Background: Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most frequent dementias. It is a devastating disease that affects the quality of life of patients and their families. Objective: to argue the care of the patient with Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: a systematic bibliographic review was carried out to develop a critical reflexive analysis of documents during the months of September-October 2019. Bibliographic databases were used: PubMed, CUMED, CINAHL, CUIDEN PLUS, Lilacs and Google Scholar Metasearch Engine. The search terms included the keywords in English and Portuguese, for their definition the Thesaurus of Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS) was used. The Boolean operator used was AND. The principles of content analysis were followed, including the identification of meanings that were pointed out more repetitively, the consistency, explanations and relationships of these, through all the studies included in this review. Results: Kristen Swanson's model needs to be applied by Nursing staff to older adults with Alzheimer’s disease to provide quality care to these older adults. Conclusions: the systematization and analysis of the documents identified served to understand the definition and characterization of Alzheimer’s disease, the approach and the approaches of other authors in the international and national context, allowed adapting the Kristen M. Swanson Model for the care of Nursing in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease. DeCS: ALZHEIMER DISEASE/nursing; NURSING CARE; PATIENT COMFORT; AGED; QUALITY OF LIFE.

Background: colorectal cancer is the most common malignant neoplasia that can occur in the digestive system. There has been a gradual increase in Latin America, Cuba presents health indicators similar to developed nations, and colorectal cancer is the third cause of death. Objective: to provide a theoretical and updated collection of research related to survival in older adults with colorectal cancer. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out with the bibliographic analysis method without language restrictions, the Lilacs, Medline, PubMed and SciELO databases were consulted. They were used as keywords: survival, colorectal cancer, elderly. Results: colorectal cancer can be asymptomatic, the symptoms and signs will also depend on the location of the tumor. Colorectal cancer, for the most part, is detected in the symptomatic stage, 50% of these late diagnosis patients are in an advanced stage of the tumor. The survival of older adults with colorectal cancer also depends on their presentation and quality of life. Conclusions: survival in older adults with colorectal cancer is influenced by the patient's age, stage at the time of diagnosis, presentation of the nosological entity, surgical approach, style and quality of life before and after being diagnosed. DeCS: COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS/mortality; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS/diagnosis; SURVIVAL; AGED; QUALITY OF LIFE.

Introducción: Florence Nightingale contribuyó a la mejora y desarrollo de la salud. Hoy en día, todavía representa una fuente de inspiración y un tema de investigación para académicos. Objetivo: analizar la obra de Florence Nightingale en la formación de recursos humanos de Enfermería. Resultados: se insistió en algunos tópicos dentro del tema, como los enfoques del modelo educativo de Florence Nigthingale y sus características. Su sistema fue la base para la creación de muchas de las primeras escuelas de formación de Enfermería en el mundo y abogó por la independencia de la escuela de los hospitales para que los estudiantes no se consideraran trabajadores del mismo durante su formación. Conclusiones: Florence Nightingale vio en la formación una herramienta esencial para mejorar y evolucionar, creando para ello una escuela con la que formó personas en torno a un modelo firmemente establecido.

Fundamento: la pandemia por la COVID-19 ha generado afectaciones sin precedentes en todos los países. A pesar de la alta virulencia, rápida transmisibilidad y frecuentes complicaciones, han existido conductas en la población que reflejan una baja percepción de riesgo, haciendo más compleja la situación epidemiológica. Objetivo: evaluar el nivel de conocimiento y la percepción de riesgo ante la COVID-19, en la población urbana del Policlínico Sur, municipio de Sancti Spíritus, provincia de igual nombre, entre agosto y octubre de 2020. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, prospectivo, en los consultorios urbanos del policlínico y durante el periodo de tiempo declarado en el objetivo. Se trabajó con una muestra de 270 contactos o sospechosos de portar la enfermedad, seleccionados por muestreo intencional. Se les aplicó un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas para establecer el nivel de conocimiento y percepción de riesgo sobre la COVID-19. Resultados: fueron más frecuentes: las féminas (54,8 %); los grupos de 38 a 47 años de edad (38,8 %) y de 48 a 57 años (21,1 %); graduados de preuniversitario (41,4 %) y universitarios (38,1 %); con vínculo laboral (45,9 %). La hipertensión arterial (26,2 %) fue la enfermedad crónica no transmisible con mayor incidencia. El nivel de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad fue medianamente adecuado en el 80,3 % de los casos, pero la percepción de riesgo fue baja para el 90,7 % de la muestra. Conclusiones: niveles de conocimiento inadecuado o medianamente adecuado, sobre la COVID-19, coinciden con una baja percepción de riesgo sobre la misma.

Background: hand hygiene is the most important factor for self-care, it is one of the most economical and effective ways to prevent diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever, acute respiratory diseases and other gastrointestinal tract infections. Objective: to perform a journey through the history of handwashing. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out, a search without language restrictions from 2008 to 2019, and following a chronological order in the analysis. The search terms hand hygiene, communicable diseases, and health care, were used in the SciELO, Ebsco, LILAC, and MEDLINE databases. 94 published documents were identified, of which 35 were selected according to the objective. Development: we refer to the biographical background of Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis, and to the history of hand washing in Cuba and the need to comply with hand washing in hospitals. We provide information on the promotion of proper hand hygiene to reduce the risk of contracting communicable diseases. Conclusions: the promotion of adequate hand hygiene reduces the risk of contracting communicable diseases. By providing care with safe hands a quality service is offered that preserves patient safety in all areas. DeCS: SELF CARE; HAND DESINFECTION/methods; DISEASE OUTBREAKS/prevention & control; HEALTH PROMOTION; REVIEW.

Background: a multimedia of teaching support was carried out due to the difficulties detected by authors' group of the investigation in the teaching-learning process, and to the scarce availability of computer hardware of support to the teaching of the subject with healthy vision. The previous elements justify the investigation with the intention of contributing to the improving of the process teaching - learning of the subject Adults' Psychiatry. Objective: to make a multimedia application for the study of the Adult's Psychiatry of the plan of study of the pre and postgraduate. Methods: a study of technological innovation was carried out in the University of Medical Sciences of the province Sancti Spíritus, from October, 2018 until April, 2019. For the confection of the multimedia application there were identified as work stages the search and compilation of scientific information, the selection of hardware, means and design. There was valued the scientific relevancy of the multimedia application created by 20 experts for the matter. It was decided the criterion of 53 students (users) and nine teachers who constituted the population, on their experience with the product and it was determined its effectiveness through a pre pedagogic experiment. Results: the created product designed on the base of one user's attractive interface and with updated utility scientific information for learning. The average of the evaluation granted by experts to the different aspects of the multimedia application was positive. The students expressed good evaluations as for the content that treats the product, its facility of use, the functionality, the originality and the design. After the use of the product, most of the students manage to answer the questions of the test. Conclusions: the multimedia application created Psiquiatrí@.doc constitutes a necessary resource with potentialities the workshops and other activities are applied during the classes, workshops, school times, and other activities. DeCS: MULTIMEDIA; PSYCHIATRY/education; LEARNING; STUDENTS, MEDICAL; STUDENTS, NURSING.

Fundamento: Florence Nightingale fue una enfermera, escritora y estadística británica, considerada pionera de la enfermería moderna y creadora del primer modelo conceptual de enfermería. Objetivo: analizar a Florence Nightingale como la primera enfermera investigadora. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el método de análisis bibliográfico a través de una búsqueda realizada entre los años 1994 al 2017, donde se consultaron bases de datos especializadas y se seleccionaron 28 publicaciones científicas sobre el tema. Resultados: se insistió en algunos tópicos dentro del tema, como los conocimientos de Florence Nigthingale en cuanto a la filosofía, historia, artes, matemáticas, estadísticas, religión que le permitieron desarrollar innovaciones de técnicas en los análisis estadísticos con lo cual mostró, como un fenómeno social que podía ser medido de manera objetiva y analizado matemáticamente. Conclusiones: Florence Nightingale fue la primera enfermera investigadora, su experiencia ha ejercido una gran influencia en el mundo de las matemáticas, las estadísticas y la Enfermería. DeCS: DOCENTES DE ENFERMERÍA; EDUCACIÓN EN ENFERMERÍA; INVESTIGACIÓN EN ENFERMERÍA; MODELOS DE ENFERMERÍA; HISTORIA DE LA ENFERMERÍA.

Introduction: knowledge concerning risk factors and self-care methods in patients with diabetes mellitus is considered an essential element in their effective treatment. Objective: to assess the knowledge level concerning risk factors and self-care methods in patients with diabetes mellitus and neuropathic ulcer. Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 135 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and neuropathic ulceration from November 2018 to November 2019. All patients registered in two different family doctor’s office associated to the Policlínico Universitario “Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo” in Sancti Spíritus. Variables studied were: age, sex, knowledge level concerning risk factors and self-care methods. Results: the outcomes were summarized on a table to be assessed, which revealed female sex patients aged 60 to 70 years as predominant to suffer type 2 diabetes mellitus. An inadequate knowledge concerning the most outstanding risk factors was the cause of arising cardiovascular disease. The most well-known self-care measure was to maintain an effective treatment for diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: female sex patients aged 60 to 71 years were most assessed being predominant. The most predominant aspects of ignorance found in the study were the family history associated to diabetes mellitus and the ignorance related to self-care measures, mainly on the practice of personal hygiene.

Background: Dorothea Elizabeth Orem has described what she called the general theory of nursing, which consists of three related theories: self-care, self-care deficit and the theory of nursing systems. Objective: to support the meta-paradigmatic models of Dorothea Elizabeth Orem. Methods: a systematic bibliographic review was carried out to develop a reflexive critical analysis of the content of original and review articles, published in Spanish and English between 2001 and 2019. The key words used were advanced practice nursing, nursing definition of advanced practice,advanced practice nursing history the search was performed in the SciELO, Pubmed/Medline, Ebsco, ClinicalKey, Springer, Web of Science, Infomed databases. Results: highlight topics within the topic such as: Meta-paradigm of nursing according to Dorothea Elizabeth Orem, The theory of self-care, the theory of self-care deficit, the theory of nursing systems. Conclusions: the model of Dorothea Elizabeth Orem provides a conceptual framework and establishes a series of meta-paradigmatic concepts, definitions, objectives, to highlight what is related to the care of the person, for what is considered must be accepted for the development and strengthening of Cuban nursing. DeCS: NURSING CARE; NURSING ASSESSMENT; MODELS, NURSING; SELF CARE; ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSING.

Fundamento: la probabilidad de adquirir cáncer colorrectal en Cuba a lo largo de la vida es del cuatro al seis por ciento. Alrededor del 80 % de los casos son esporádicos, pero el 20 % tiene una influencia genética. Objetivo: evaluar la estrategia de autocuidado en los adultos mayores con cáncer colorrectal en la comunidad. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de intervención y desarrollo el cual muestra la estrategia de autocuidado en los adultos mayores con cáncer colorrectal en la comunidad contextualizada en el Policlínico Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo del municipio y provincia Sancti Spíritus desde el 2007 hasta 2017. Variables utilizadas: nivel de información de los médicos de la familia, autocuidado, estado de salud, prolongación de la sobrevida, alivio del dolor. Se utilizó entrevista estructurada, a los adultos mayores con cáncer colorrectal para conocer la mejoría del estado de salud, después de aplicada la estrategia se compararon las proporciones poblacionales mediante prueba de McNemar. Resultados: se lograron cambios significativos en el nivel de información de los médicos de la familia, al finalizar el programa de capacitación se obtuvo 78,37 %, lo que muestra un nivel aceptable. El 36,62 % del estado de salud de los adultos mayores fue bueno; el autocuidado se alcanzó de forma aceptable en el 44,82 %. La prolongación de la sobrevida después de aplicada la estrategia fue de 49,13 %. El alivio del dolor fue de 76,72 %. Conclusiones: se logró la evaluación de la estrategia de autocuidados en los adultos mayores con cáncer colorrectal, que incluye acciones y actividades que favorecen el logro de cambios significativos en el autocuidado. DeCS: NEOPLASIAS COLORRECTALES; AUTOCUIDADO; ESTADO DE SALUD; ESTUDIOS CONTROLADOS ANTES Y DESPUÉS; MODELOS DE RIESGOS PROPORCIONALES.

Background: diabetes mellitus is a public health problem, as it is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, more than 382 million people in the world suffer from this disease and it is estimated that it will reach 592 million by 2035. Nursing activity with the patient in home care is crucial for the modification of this fact. In this sense, the ambulatory care of the diabetic patient acquires a determining value in this purpose. Objective: to design a nursing intervention in home care for the elderly with diabetes mellitus. Methods: intervention study and development contextualized at Dr. Antonio García del Rijo Polyclinic in the municipality and province of Sancti Spiritus, from 2016 to 2017. Study variables: level of knowledge of nurses, care of the elderly with diabetes mellitus and state of health. A structured interview to the elderly was used to know the improvement of the state of health, after the intervention was applied the population, the proportions were compared through McNemar test. Results: the level of knowledge of the nurses at the end of the training program obtained 80.49, the 92.85% of the health status of the elderly with diabetes mellitus reached a good state of health; the care of the elderly was able to confirm that they received acceptable care, the 80.61% due to behavioral changes. Conclusions: the current status of the elderly with diabetes mellitus was characterized and it showed the male dominance as well as the age group of 60-69 years and the level of knowledge of nurses. An intervention was designed for the home care of the elderly with diabetes mellitus. DeCS: AGED; DIABETES MELLITUS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); EDUCATION, NURSING; HOME NURSING.

Background: incorporating digital technologies into the teaching-learning process in higher education is a growing need.Objective: to describe the development and use of the educational software "Course in rehabilitation on the most frequent conditions of the musculoskeletal system at primary health care", at the "Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo” Polyclinic, of the municipality of Sancti Spíritus, during the 2018-2019 academic year.Methods: an educational software was designed in the form of hypertext, in a qualitative-quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional research in medical education. The research in general consisted of two stages: creation and use of the software. In the quantitative part of the study, the sample included 25 students and six teachers of the aforementioned course. Two workshops were held to describe the course. To assess the impact of the software, the criteria of specialists and the level of satisfaction of teachers and students were used.Results: a portable, network-free educational software was created in the form of hypertext. It presented a simple and attractive design. The specialists consulted were in full agreement, or in agreement, with the content, instructional design, and computer aspects of the course. Only one student expressed dissatisfaction. Teachers and students mostly declared that the course was comprehensive and didactic.Conclusions: the educational software was created in the form of a course, with great acceptance by specialists, teachers and students.

Introduction: the high contagiousness of COVID-19, the increase of confirmed cases and deaths, and the social isolation have caused negative emotions and thoughts, threatening the mental health of the elderly population. Objective: to identify the emotional states of seniors in social isolation during COVID-19. Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out between May to June 2020, in the health area part of the Policlínico Universitario “Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo”, in Sancti Spíritus. The study population was made of 100 seniors. The variables evaluated were: age, gender, marital status, coexistence, occupation, comorbidity, anxiety, depression, irritability, stress. The information was obtained through semi-structured interview, observation and psychological tests. Results: 61.0% were female; 57.0% in the 70-79 age group; most of them lived with their partner, a minor or a disabled person (64.0%), only 36.0% actually lived alone. 65.0% had no employment relationship. 89.0% had pathologies considered risky for COVID-19. A normal level of irritability prevailed, both external (68.0%) and internal (70.0%), a mild level of anxiety (73.0%) and a mild level of depression (50.0%). 47.0% showed alteration in stress levels. Conclusions: social isolation as a measure to avoid contagion by COVID-19 has had an impact on the mental health of the elderly.

Introduction: the phenomenon of social networks is not exempt from educational processes. The communication possibilities offered by these channels; the power it grants to share, create and communicate, makes it an essential element in students, who demand a new type of teaching nowadays. The academic use of social networks must be considered as an opportunity by the teacher, who must get involved and get to know how to identify what type of activities can be received better by the students, and what tools could be more useful for these purposes. Objective: to analyze flipped classes as an option for the development of teaching of nursing. Method: a narrative bibliographic review was carried out through a search through the years 1994 to 2017, where specialized databases were consulted and 18 scientific publications on the subject were selected. Conclusions: the classes invested in the development of teaching of nursing have positive results in the pedagogical and technological aspects, since it offers possibilities of graduating better prepared students, with more independent learning skills in both the study of the necessary theories of nursing, as well as a better performance on the skills of nursing techniques to provide holistic care to the patients.

Background: it is not possible to achieve complete attention only with compliance with medical treatments, scientific thought is needed where the theoretical basis of the profession is applied, the Nursing Care Process. Objective: to argue the content about the Nursing Care Process from the teaching perspective. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out through a search conducted between 1996 and 2017, where specialized databases were consulted and 25 scientific publications on the subject were selected. Development: the Nursing Care Process is characterized because it has a theoretical basis, as it is a process conceived from solid knowledge that allows the student and the professional to plan and organize their nursing actions, in order to direct and achieve a goal : the interaction between nurse-patient, family and community, establishing reciprocal and interdisciplinary relationships, being dynamic and flexible, trying in the Nursing practice to adapt it to the clinical and community spheres or in specialized areas, and responding to current needs. Conclusions: the Nursing Care Process from the teaching perspective, has contributed to understand and adapt a permanent work with the students building to achieve the teaching-assistance integration. DeCS:FACULTY, NURSING; NURSING EDUCATION RESEARCH; EDUCATION, NURSING; NURSING PROCESS; TEACHING CARE INTEGRATION SERVICES.

Foundation: colorectal cancer is the most common neoplasm of the digestive system in older adults. In Cuba it is a major health problem due to its high incidence and mortality; it is the third cause of death in the general population. Objective: to characterize older adults with colorectal cancer at the Rudesindo García del Rijo Sur Polyclinic in the Sancti Spíritus province. Methods: a descriptive research was carried out at the Sur Rudesindo García del Rijo Polyclinic in the municipality and province of Sancti Spíritus, from January to March 2019. We worked with an intentional sample of 127 older adults, belonging to urban clinics. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, educational level, stage of colorectal cancer at diagnosis, health status, comorbidities, capacity and perception of self-care and survival. For the stage at diagnosis, the anatomoclinical classification was used, comorbidity was measured using the Charlson index and the Self-Care Capacity and Perception Test for the Elderly. The information was processed through percentage analysis. The results achieved were interpreted as numbers with their percentages. Results: in the characterization of the sample, females, the age group between 70 and 79 years and the level of lower secondary education predominated. Stage II with a poor state of health and inadequate perception of self-care was the majority. Comorbidity was moderate with survival between 40 to 60 months. Conclusions: women between 70 and 79 years of age and lower secondary education level predominated, stage II and inadequate perception of self-care also prevailed.

Background: modern nursing began in the mid-nineteenth century. One of the first official training programs for nurses was inaugurated in 1836 in Kaiserswerth, Germany, by Pastor Theodor Fliedner for the Protestant Dianonisas order. At that time in Europe, other religious orders were also offering nursing training in a regulated manner, but the school of Fliedner is worth mentioning for having being formed in it the reformer of the British nursing Florece Nightingale. Objective: to analyze the theories of nursing and their validity of application in Cuba. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out using the method of bibliographic analysis through a search carried out between 1994 and 2017, where specialized databases were consulted and 28 scientific publications on the subject were selected. Development: the essence of nursing is care and its objects of study are: the trinomial individual-family-community. In practice, the scope of the professional work they perform in daily practice is not always appreciated. In most cases, nurses apply the theoretical references from their discipline, which reinforce individual care. Some elements of the theory have significantly influenced the training of nurses, such as the importance of health education, the observation of health problems, the maintenance of ethical behavior towards the patient, the need for the provision of services domiciliary, the realization of organizational activities, administration and scientific research for the development of science. Conclusions: the complexity of people’s care, groups and communities facing nursing imposes the need to integrate the approach of theories and their practice in order to consolidate their status of science and their contribution to public health in Cuba. However, there are still gaps in its application. DeCS:NURSING; NURSING THEORY; KNOWLEDGE BASES; NURSING PROCESS; REVIEW LITERATURE AS TOPIC.