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Objective: Alterations of empathy have been observed in patients with various mental disorders. The Perth Empathy Scale (PES) was recently developed to measure a multidimensional construct of empathy across positive and negative emotions. However, its psychometric properties and clinical applications have not been examined in the Chinese context. Methods: The Chinese version of the PES was developed and administered to a large Chinese sample (n = 1090). Factor structure, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and convergent, discriminant, as well as concurrent validity were examined. Moreover, 50 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 50 healthy controls were recruited to explore the clinical utility of the PES. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses supported a theoretically congruent three‐factor structure of empathy, namely Cognitive Empathy, Negative Affective Empathy and Positive Affective Empathy. The PES showed good to excellent internal consistency reliability, good convergent and discriminant validity, acceptable concurrent validity, and moderate to high test–retest reliability. Patients with MDD had significantly lower PES scores compared to healthy controls. Linear discriminant function comprised of the three factors correctly differentiated 71% of participants, which further verified the clinical utility of the PES. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the Chinese version of the PES is a reliable and valid instrument to measure cognitive and affective empathy across negative and positive emotions, and could therefore be used in both research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Monte Carlo simulation and fast Fourier transformation and micromagnetism (FFTM) method, magnetic properties of cobalt (Co) nanorings with different asymmetry have been studied. Spin configurations, magnetization hysteresis loops, as well as remanence of the Co nanoring systems with different asymmetry were calculated to demonstrate the difference in magnetization dynamics processes. The calculated results indicate that asymmetry has an important effect on magnetic properties of the asymmetric Co nanorings. It is found that with decreasing asymmetry the hysteresis loops of asymmetric Co nanorings drop and form new step, and then form multi-steps or double-step, which can be explained as the change of spin configurations. The remanence of the systems decline in the twists and turns, which shows a local minimum as a = b, and at the same time, the remanence with 𝜃 periodically changes. Spin configurations and shape of the system account for these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • A defective Co nanoring structure was proposed. • Monte Carlo method combining with FFTM method was used to simulate magnetic properties of the defective Co nanoring. • Magnetization dynamic processes of the defective Co nanoring were obtained and interpreted. • The size and location of the defect deeply influence the magnetization behavior of the defective Co nanorings. Abstract Base on the Monte Carlo simulation and fast Fourier transformation micromagnetism (FFTM) method, the magnetic dynamic properties of defective Cobalt (Co) nanorings are studied. The simulated results indicate that the hysteresis loops of Co nanorings with small defect are similar to those of the symmetric nanorings. However, when the area of defect increases, the magnetization process of the defective Co nanorings is different from that of symmetric Co nanorings. It is found that the remanence (M r) of the system increases at first and then decreases with the increase of defect location. Nevertheless, there is a relative stable region in which M r almost do not change with the defect location varying when the defect is small. The simulated results are well analyzed through the evolution of spin-configurations (SCs) of the defective Co nanorings. The investigation about magnetic dynamic properties of the defective Co nanorings may provide reference for their application in high-density data storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, cobalt double-nanorings (Co d -N-rings) structure model was constructed. Based on Monte-Carlo simulation (MC) method combining with Fast Fourier Transformation and Micromagnetism (FFTM) method, the magnetic properties of Co d -N-rings with different geometric dimensions have been studied. The simulated results indicate that, the magnetization steps in hysteresis loops is the result of the special spin configurations (SCs), i.e., onion-type state and vortex-type state, which are very different from that in many other nanostructures, such as nanometer thin-films, nanotubes, etc. Besides, Co d -N-rings with different geometric dimensions present interesting magnetization behavior, which is determined by the change of both SCs and exchange interaction in Co d -N-rings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate that ferroelectric (FE) domain switching induces a nonvolatile tuning of the magnetic and electric properties in La0.6Ca0.4MnO3 (LCMO)/Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O3–PbTiO3 heterostructure. The FE domain switching in the substrate contributes to an in-plane strain that changes the spin exchange coupling in the LCMO layer, and therefore results in a nonvolatile magnetization difference of up to −17.5% at zero external magnetic field, as well as a nonvolatile resistance difference of up to 20.3%. This nonvolatility of the modulation effect on the magnetic and electric properties by an electric field demonstrates great potential for the applications of magnetic and electric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic properties and applications of Fenton and Fenton-like catalysts based on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) are reviewed. Compared with semiconductor photocatalytic, the synergistic system of photocatalysis and Fenton-like oxidation has a stronger ability to degrade organic wastewater, but there are still some shortcomings, such as high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers and serious agglomeration of metals on the catalyst surface, and its catalytic performance still needs to be further improved. The development of heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like catalysts based on g-C3N4 and their Fenton-like mechanism will be the focus of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, two structure models of cobalt nanoring cells (double-nanorings and four-nanorings, named as D-rings and F-rings, respectively) have been considered. Base on Monte Carlo simulation, the magnetic properties of the D-rings and F-rings, such as hysteresis loops, spin configuration, coercivity, etc., have been studied. The simulated results indicate that both D-rings and F-rings with different inner radius (r) and separation of ring centers (d) display interesting magnetization behavior and spin configurations (onion-, vortex- and crescent shape vortex-type states) in magnetization process. Moreover, it is found that the overlap between the nearest single nanorings connect can result in the deviation of the vortex-type states in the connected regions. Therefore, the appropriate d should be well considered in the design of nanoring device. The simulated results can be explained by the competition between exchange energy and dipolar energy in Co nanorings system. Furthermore, it is found that the simulated temperature dependence of the coercivity for the D-rings with different d can be well described by H c =H 0 exp[−(T/T 0)p]. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Robust amorphous glass protected CsPbBr3 (CsPbBr3@glass) perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) with ultra‐pure green emission and superior long‐term stability are highly desirable for developing wide‐color‐gamut liquid crystal displays. However, most of the reported CsPbBr3@glass nanocomposites are subject to low external quantum efficiency (EQE). This work demonstrates that ZrO2 additive has an "accumulation" effect on the borosilicate glass network structure to promote in situ nucleation/growth of PeQDs inside glass rather than self‐crystallization. This effect is beneficial in reducing surface defects, improving the quality of PeQDs, and thus boosting radiative recombination of excitons. As a consequence, the as‐prepared CsPbBr3@glass shows a record EQE of up to 75% and can pass the accelerated aging tests at 85 °C/85% RH for 1000 h and blue light irradiation over 2000 h. Finally, a prototype display using CsPbBr3@glass‐based straight‐down backlit unit is designed and gains more favorable responses in blind selection tests for its high brightness of 2647 cd m−2 and high color purity of 88%. The findings will pave the way for realizing the commercial application of CsPbBr3@glass nanocomposite in PeQDs‐converted backlit display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complex and high‐precision patterning of perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) is of vital importance for exploring their new functionalities and device applications. In this work, a strategy based on the combination femtosecond (fs) laser‐irradiation and humidity‐control is reported to construct patterns of cyan CsPb(Cl/Br)3 PeQDs in a transparent glass medium. Benefiting from their ionic crystal feature and low formation energy, CsPb(Cl/Br)3 PeQDs can be locally crystallized and decomposed via fs laser irradiation without further heat‐treatment. More notably, it is found that a water molecule is able to affect the growth of CsPb(Cl/Br)3 PeQDs in glass. By modulation of relative humidity in air, the selectively decomposed perovskite structure is spontaneously regenerated, and the highly emissive CsPb(Cl/Br)3 PeQDs can be in situ manufactured in the confined glass region. This allows for reversible luminescence from the same patterns of laser printing‐erasing‐recovering, and the process can be repeated for multiple cycles without destruction of optical performance and robustness. The results provide a flexible method to develop new encryption/decryption technology for information security and anti‐counterfeiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spin gapless semiconductor (SGS) presents abundant electric and magnetic properties and is highly sensitive to external factors, such as current, electric field, magnetic field, and stress. This paper reports on a PbPd0.9Co0.1O2/PMNPT(001) laminate thin film with the "SGS/ferroelectrics" structure, which exhibits significant current-induced resistance (I-ER) effect. More importantly, the colossal static electric-field-induced resistance (E-ER) effect in such a laminate film was observed for the first time. The introduction of lattice defects (Pb vacancies) induces a local electric field, electron spin ordering state, and ferroelectric polarization field effect to explain the excellent physical properties. The reported laminate thin film composite exhibits promising application potential in spintronic devices, composite sensor units, storage systems, and other low-energy semiconductor electronic device fields. This work proposes an alternative way to investigate the novel properties for spin gapless semiconductors and expand the research fields of multi-field modulation effect in magnetoelectric composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on an alternative modified TiO 2 -based photoanode for obtaining enhanced photovoltaic (PV) properties in DSSCs. Multiferroics BiFeO 3 was employed to construct BiFeO 3 +TiO 2 composite photoanode for DSSCs. Here, BiFeO 3 may also act as photoelectric conversion medium and increases photogenerated carrier transport channels, consequently, improves the PCE of DSSCs with BiFeO 3 +TiO 2 composite photoanodes. More importantly, magnetic-field enhanced PV properties in abovementioned DSSCs was firstly obtained. The investigated results offer both an alternative method to improve PV properties in DSSCs, and a referential train of thought to manipulate photoelectric properties of solar cells. [Display omitted] • Multiferroics BiFeO 3 , which presents magnetic, electric, and visible light catalytic properties, was firstly introduced to act as part of photoanode in the investigation of DSSCs. • Enhancement of photoelectric conversion efficiency in DSSC devices with BiFeO 3 + TiO 2 composite photoanodes has been obtained , indicating an alternative approach for enhancing photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells is achieved. Also, suggesting a promising potential in the application of photoelectric conversion. • External magnetic field enhancing photoelectric conversion performance was observed firstly in DSSC devices with BiFeO 3 + TiO 2 composite photoanodes. • Providing a universal way that can be available in photovoltaic cell field by non-contact external magnetic field modulation method. In dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the light absorbance of photoanode is the most important factor in power conversion efficiency (PCE). Here the authors report on an alternative modified TiO 2 -based photoanode for obtaining enhanced photovoltaic (PV) properties in DSSCs. Multiferroics BiFeO 3 , which possesses excellent magnetic, electric, and photocatalytic performances, was employed to construct BiFeO 3 + TiO 2 composite photoanode for DSSCs. In this type of DSSCs with BiFeO 3 + TiO 2 composite photoanodes, BiFeO 3 with suitable bandgap may also act as photoelectric conversion medium, which is generally acted by dye in DSSCs, and increases photogenerated carrier transport channels, which improves the PCE of DSSCs with BiFeO 3 + TiO 2 composite photoanodes. More importantly, magnetic-field enhanced PV properties in abovementioned DSSCs was firstly obtained, which may result from magnetic-field-suppression the recombination of charge carriers and magnetoresistance effect in BiFeO 3. The investigated results offer both an alternative method to improve PV properties in DSSCs, and a referential train of thought to manipulate photoelectric properties of solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Supported molybdenum oxides efficiently catalyze the degradation of dimethyl sulfoxide in water using H 2 O 2. • DMSO is degraded to environmentally friendly and biodegradable dimethyl sulfone. • MoO 3 /SiO 2 removes 179 ∼ 344 mmol/L DMSO within 2 h. Due to its excellent solubility for many chemicals, DMSO is widely used as solvents in industries. The biodegradation of DMSO is pretty slow and gives out noxious and volatile compounds like dimethylsulfide, methyl mercaptan, and hydrogen sulfide. Therefore, a green and efficient DMSO removal process is needed. In this work, supported molybdenum oxide catalysts were prepared and were characterized with powder XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman, DR-UV–vis spectroscopy and XPS. These catalysts are efficiently active for the catalytic oxidation of DMSO in wastewater using green oxidant, H 2 O 2. The degradation product of DMSO is DMSO 2 which is an environmentally friendly and biodegradable compound and can be further removed by biological processes without forming hazardous sulfides. Fumed SiO 2 is the best support for MoO 3 and the catalytic activity increases with the increase of the MoO 3 loading. DMSO (179 mmol/L) is completely removed after a 2-hour reaction at 50 °C. EPR analyses and control experiments with radical scavengers confirm that the oxidative degradation of DMSO is not a radical reaction. Thus, a non-radical oxidation mechanism is proposed for the degradation of DMSO. The kinetic study on the 30 wt% MoO 3 /SiO 2 catalyst confirms that the catalytic oxidation reaction of DMSO is a pseudo-first-order reaction with an apparent activation energy of 68.5 kJ/mol. When the initial concentration of DMSO is further increased to 264 or 344 mmol/L, the MoO 3 /SiO 2 catalyst can still remove it within 2 h. In conclusion, this catalyst is a promising candidate for treating industrial wastewater containing DMSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the newly discovered magnetic topological insulator MnBi 6 Te 10 has become a hot research topic in condensed matter physics because of its effects such as quantum anomalous Hall effect, axion insulation effect, and topological magnetoelectric effect. The magnetic topological insulator MnBi 6 Te 10 is a potential energy material with superlattice like stacking structure. Based on first-principles calculations, we computed the band structure and density of states of five unequal Te atomic vacancy defects in ferromagnetic MnBi 6 Te 10 and found that MnBi 6 Te 10 has defects and, like intrinsic MnBi 6 Te 10 , the band inversion occurs near the Γ -high-symmetry point, where the conduction band is mainly contributed by the p orbitals of Bi, but the valence band is mainly occupied by the p orbitals of Te. But with defective sites, MnBi 6 Te 10 changes from having a band gap to having no band gap. This implies that the defect of MnBi 6 Te 10 is transformed from the intrinsic topological phase of MnBi 6 Te 10 to the metallic phase. By calculating the density of states, we find that the Fermi level crosses the valence band in the V Te 1 and V Te 4 defect systems, while it crosses the conduction band in the V Te 2, V Te 3 and V Te 5 systems. The charge density difference calculations show that the Te vacancy defects at different equivalence sites mainly affect some atomic layers in their vicinity and exhibit different charge distribution characteristics for the neighboring atomic layers, respectively, essentially because of the different bonding environments in which the defects are located. Our results of different Te defect states in MnBi 6 Te 10 provides valuable theoretical guidance for the experimental synthesis of single-crystal materials and the regulation of defect states in practical applications, and in addition, it has an important impact on the exploration of new quantum materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To synthesize nonmetallic magnets containing exclusively s -p orbitals with high magnetic moments and magnetic ordering is a great challenge in physics and material science. In this study, we report increased localized spin magnetic moments and observation of ferromagnetic ordering by annealing of fluorographene. It is found that the magnetic properties is sensitive to fluorine (F) distribution. The samples annealed at ca. 400–450 °C exhibits an interesting ferromagnetic state, attributing to the fragmentizing of big F clusters into many small F domains after thermo defluorination. There are high-intensity magnetic moments in the annealed samples because of the enhanced edge effect of small F clusters, which contribute to the magnetic ordering in fluorographene for a shrunken average spacing between localized moments. The increasing structure defects after annealing can be as new centers of small F domains, and greatly stabilize magnetically ordered state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel approach has been developed to synthesize slightly fluorinated graphene quantum dots (GQDs-F) through thermal cutting of highly fluorinated graphene. The fluorinated graphene with substantial structure defects is fragile and is readily attacked. The direct evaporation of abundant CFn (n = 2, 3) groups near structure defects lead to the loss of adjacent skelton C atoms, and the fluorinated graphene can be thermally cut into GQDs-F with a relatively uniform nanosize in pyrolysis at 810 K. The GQDs-F with a low F/C atomic ratio of ca. 0.03 exhibit excitation wavelength-dependent properties with multicolor photoluminescence (PL) from blue to green. At the same time, F adatoms that are most likely located at the edges of GQDs-F have a high efficiency of introducing paramagnetic centres, and GQDs-F show a strong paramagnetism because of sp3-type defects and magnetic zigzag edges. The graphene quantum dots with such multimodal capabilities should have great applied value in material science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Based on Monte Carlo simulations and resistor network model, the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) for the square anisotropic magnetic nanoparticle arrays with the exchange coupling J and dipolar coupling D has been studied. The simulated results reveal that, the coercivity H c increases with decreasing value of D and increasing magnitude of J; the value of TMRmax decreases with enhancing value of J; for D<0.1, the value of TMRmax decreases with increasing value of D, while in contrast for D>0.1, it increases with increasing value of D. Those behaviours have been interpreted with the competition of the different energies, including the random anisotropy, exchange and dipolar energies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We investigated the effects of electric field on the magnetization and electric transport properties in La0.6Ca0.4MnO3/Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (LCMO/PZT) thin film prepared by sol-gel method and simple spin coating technology. Obvious converse magnetoelectric effect (the relative change in magnetization, ΔM ∼ 15%), as well as large electroresistance effect (the relative change in resistance, ER ∼ 61%), has been obtained in LCMO thin film with applying electric field on the PZT ceramic. The efficient mechanical coupling, which originated from ferroelectric polarization and inverse piezoelectric effect in PZT substrate, leads to large changes in the magnetism and resistance of LCMO thin film. The experimental results can be interpreted by the changes of both spin exchange coupling and electron-lattice coupling strengths in LCMO film, which result from the strain at the ferromagnetic/ferroelectric interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]