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Abstract Rice is a staple food for over half of the global population, necessitates efficient and cost-effective production methods to ensure food security. However, direct seeding of rice often encounters challenges due to adverse environmental conditions, resulting in increased seeding costs. In this study, we analyzed the germination and physiological data of sixty-six rice varieties under cold and submergence conditions. Our results demonstrate that selecting rice varieties with superior germination capacity in these adverse conditions can improve germination rates by 39.43%. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of two contrasting varieties revealed potential regulatory mechanisms involving hormonal pathways and the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. Furthermore, we found that the exogenous application of specific metabolites provides a cost-effective seed enhancement strategy for varieties with poor germination capacity. These findings suggest that combining suitable variety selection with seed enhancement treatments can significantly reduce seeding costs in rice production. This research offers valuable insights for developing resilient rice varieties and cost-effective seeding strategies, potentially contributing to improved rice cultivation practices and enhanced global food security.

Abstract Detection of printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) defects is crucial for improving the efficiency of PCBA manufacturing. This paper proposes PCBA-YOLO, a YOLOv5-based method that can effectively increase the accuracy of PCBA defect detection. First, the spatial pyramid pooling module with cross-stage partial structure is replaced in the neck network of YOLOv5 to capture the resolution features at multiple scales. Second, large kernel convolution is introduced in the backbone network to obtain larger effective receptive fields while reducing computational overhead. Finally, an SIoU loss function that considers the angular cost is utilized to enhance the convergence speed of the model. In addition, an assembled PCBA defect detection dataset named PCBA-DET is created in this paper, containing the corresponding defect categories and annotations of defect locations. The experimental results on the PCB defect dataset demonstrate that the improved method has lower loss values and higher accuracy. Evaluated on the PCBA-DET dataset, the mean average precision reaches 97.3 $$\%$$ % , achieving a real-time detection performance of 322.6 frames per second, which considers both the detection accuracy and the model size compared to the YOLO series of detection networks. The source code and PCBA-DET dataset can be accessed at https://github.com/ismh16/PCBA-Dataset .

Abstract Background Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is one of the most common cerebrovascular diseases which accompanied by a disruption of aminothiols homeostasis. To explore the relationship of aminothiols with neurologic impairment severity, we investigated four aminothiols, homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), cysteinylglycine (CG) and glutathione (GSH) in plasma and its influence on ischemic stroke severity in AIS patients. Methods A total of 150 clinical samples from AIS patients were selected for our study. The concentrations of free reduced Hcy (Hcy), own oxidized Hcy (HHcy), free reduced Cys (Cys), own oxidized Cys (cysteine, Cyss), free reduced CG (CG) and free reduced GSH (GSH) were measured by our previously developed hollow fiber centrifugal ultrafiltration (HFCF-UF) method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The concentration ratio of Hcy to HHcy (Hcy/HHcy), Cys to Cyss (Cys/Cyss) were also calculated. The neurologic impairment severity of AIS was evaluated using National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The Spearman correlation coefficient and logistic regression analysis was used to estimate and perform the correlation between Hcy, HHcy, Cys, Cyss, CG, GSH, Hcy/HHcy, Cys/Cyss and total Hcy with NIHSS score. Results The reduced Hcy and Hcy/HHcy was both negatively correlated with NIHSS score in AIS patients with P = 0.008, r=-0.215 and P = 0.002, r=-0.249, respectively. There was no significant correlation of Cys, CG, GSH, HHcy, Cyss, Cys/Cyss and total Hcy with NIHSS score in AIS patients with P value > 0.05. Conclusions The reduced Hcy and Hcy/HHcy, not total Hcy concentration should be used to evaluate neurologic impairment severity of AIS patient.

Abstract The inspiral of compact stellar objects into massive black holes are one of the main astrophysical sources for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and Taiji. These extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) have great potential for cosmology and fundamental physics. A binary extreme-mass-ratio inspiral (b-EMRI) describes the case where binary black holes (BBHs) are captured by a supermassive black hole. The b-EMRIs serve as multi-band gravitational wave sources and provide insights into the dynamics of nuclei and tests of general relativity. However, if the b-EMRIs can be distinguished from the normal EMRIs or not is still not clear. In this work, with a few of assumptions, and using the Teukolsky equation, we calculate the approximate gravitational waves of b-EMRIs and assess their detectability by space-based detectors. We also decouple the secondary object information from the Teukolsky equation, enabling us to calculate the energy fluxes and generate the waveforms more conveniently. Variations in the quadrupole of the binary result in small but non-negligible changes in energy fluxes and waveforms, making it possible to distinguish b-EMRI signals with data analysis. This opens up the potential of using b-EMRIs to test gravity theories and for further astrophysical studies.

BackgroundLacunes, a characteristic feature of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), are critical public health concerns, especially in the aging population. Traditional neuroimaging techniques often fall short in early lacune detection, prompting the need for more precise predictive models.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 587 patients from the Neurology Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University who underwent cranial MRI were assessed. A nomogram for predicting lacune incidence was developed using LASSO regression and binary logistic regression analysis for variable selection. The nomogram’s performance was quantitatively assessed using AUC-ROC, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA) in both training (n = 412) and testing (n = 175) cohorts.ResultsIndependent predictors identified included age, gender, history of stroke, carotid atherosclerosis, hypertension, creatinine, and homocysteine levels. The nomogram showed an AUC-ROC of 0.814 (95% CI: 0.791–0.870) for the training set and 0.805 (95% CI: 0.782–0.843) for the testing set. Calibration and DCA corroborated the model’s clinical value.ConclusionThis study introduces a clinically useful nomogram, derived from binary logistic regression, that significantly enhances the prediction of lacunes in patients undergoing brain MRI for various indications, potentially advancing early diagnosis and intervention. While promising, its retrospective design and single-center context are limitations that warrant further research, including multi-center validation.

C32H48O5, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.1564(10) Å, b = 17.542(3) Å, c = 23.134(4) Å, V = 2904.2(8) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0555, wRref(F2) = 0.1343, T = 273(2) K.

C32H44O6, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 12.2561 Å, b = 10.3674(4) Å, c = 23.3835(8) Å, β = 98.463°, V = 2938.85(19) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0602, wRref(F2) = 0.1537, T = 273(2) K.

ABSTRACTDue to the generally low spatial resolution of hyperspectral images (HSIs), early multispectral images lacked corresponding panchromatic bands, and as a result, fusion methods could not be used to enhance resolution. Many researchers have proposed various image super-resolution methods to address these limitations. However, these methods still suffered from issues, such as inadequate feature representation, lack of spectral feature representation, and high computational cost and inefficiency. To address these challenges, a spectral and spatial transformer (SST) algorithm for hyperspectral remote sensing image super-resolution is introduced. This algorithm uses a spatial transformer structure to extract the spatial features between the image pixels and a spectral transformer structure to extract the spectral features within the image pixels. The integration of these two components is applied to HSI super-resolution. After comparative experiments with currently advanced methods on three publicly available hyperspectral datasets, the results consistently show that our algorithm has better performance in both spectral fidelity and spatial restoration. Furthermore, our proposed algorithm was applied to real-world super-resolution experiments in the region of China's Ruoergai National Park, and subsequently, pixel-based classification was conducted on the super-resolution images, the results indicate that our algorithm could also be applied to future remote sensing interpretation tasks.

BackgroundCerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common neurodegenerative condition in the elderly, closely associated with cognitive impairment. Early identification of individuals with CSVD who are at a higher risk of developing cognitive impairment is crucial for timely intervention and improving patient outcomes.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to construct a predictive model utilizing LASSO regression and binary logistic regression, with the objective of precisely forecasting the risk of cognitive impairment in patients with CSVD.MethodsThe study utilized LASSO regression for feature selection and logistic regression for model construction in a cohort of CSVD patients. The model’s validity was assessed through calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsA nomogram was developed to predict cognitive impairment, incorporating hypertension, CSVD burden, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) levels, and age. The model exhibited high accuracy with AUC values of 0.866 and 0.852 for the training and validation sets, respectively. Calibration curves confirmed the model’s reliability, and DCA highlighted its clinical utility. The model’s sensitivity and specificity were 75.3 and 79.7% for the training set, and 76.9 and 74.0% for the validation set.ConclusionThis study successfully demonstrates the application of machine learning in developing a reliable predictive model for cognitive impairment in CSVD. The model’s high accuracy and robust predictive capability provide a crucial tool for the early detection and intervention of cognitive impairment in patients with CSVD, potentially improving outcomes for this specific condition.

Background The health effects of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) might differ depending on compositional variations. Little is known about the joint effect of PM2.5 constituents on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to evaluate the combined associations of PM2.5 components with CVD, identify the most detrimental constituent, and further quantify the mediation effect of metabolic syndrome. Methods and Results A total of 14 427 adults were included in a cohort study in Sichuan, China, and were followed to obtain the diagnosis of CVD until 2021. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the simultaneous occurrence of multiple metabolic disorders measured at baseline. The concentrations of PM2.5 chemical constituents within a 1‐km2 grid were derived based on satellite‐ and ground‐based detection methods. Cox proportional hazard models showed that black carbon, organic matter (OM), nitrate, ammonium, chloride, and sulfate were positively associated with CVD risks, with hazard ratios (HRs) ranging from 1.24 to 2.11 (all P

BackgroundAcute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a leading cause of disability and mortality globally among adults. Despite Intravenous Thrombolysis (IVT) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) emerging as the standard treatment for AIS, approximately 6–40% of patients undergoing IVT experience Early Neurological Deterioration (END), significantly impacting treatment efficacy and patient prognosis.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for END in AIS patients post rt-PA administration using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression approach.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, data from 531 AIS patients treated with intravenous alteplase across two hospitals were analyzed. LASSO regression was employed to identify significant predictors of END, leading to the construction of a multivariate predictive model.ResultsSix key predictors significantly associated with END were identified through LASSO regression analysis: previous stroke history, Body Mass Index (BMI), age, Onset to Treatment Time (OTT), lymphocyte count, and glucose levels. A predictive nomogram incorporating these factors was developed, effectively estimating the probability of END post-IVT. The model demonstrated robust predictive performance, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.867 in the training set and 0.880 in the validation set.ConclusionThe LASSO regression-based predictive model accurately identifies critical risk factors leading to END in AIS patients following IVT. This model facilitates timely identification of high-risk patients by clinicians, enabling more personalized treatment strategies and optimizing patient management and outcomes.

C22H26O6, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.6648(5) Å, b = 11.2663(6) Å, c = 22.7321(7) Å, V = 1963.0(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt (F) = 0.0652, wRref (F 2) = 0.1399, T = 273(2) K.

Abstract Objective Previous studies proved the effect of long-term exposure to air pollution or physical activity (PA) on the risk of systemic inflammation-induced multimorbidity (SIIM), while the evidence regarding their joint effects was rare, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we aimed to examine the extent of interaction or joint relations of PA and air pollution with SIIM. Methods This study included 72,172 participants from China Multi-Ethnic Cohort.The average concentrations of ambient particulate matter pollutants (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10) were estimated using satellite-based random forest models. Self-reported information on a range of physical activities related to occupation, housework, commuting, and leisure activities was collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. A total of 11 chronic inflammatory systemic diseases were assessed based on self-reported lifetime diagnosis or medical examinations. SIIM was defined as having ≥ 2 chronic diseases related to systemic inflammation. Logistic regression models were used to assess the complex associations of air pollution particulate matter and PA with SIIM. Results We found positive associations between long-term air pollution particulates exposure and SIIM, with odds ratios (95%CI) of 1.07 (1.03 to 1.11), 1.18 (1.13 to 1.24), and 1.08 (1.05 to 1.12) per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM1, PM2.5, and PM10. No significant multiplicative interaction was found between ambient air pollutant exposure and PA on SIIM, whereas negative additive interaction was observed between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and PA on SIIM. The positive associations between low volume PA and SIIM were stronger among those exposed to high-level air pollution particulates. Compared with individuals engaged in high volume PA and exposed to low-level ambient air pollutants, those engaged in low volume PA and exposed to high-level ambient air pollutants had a higher risk of SIIM (OR = 1.49 in PM1 exposure, OR = 1.84 in PM2.5 exposure, OR = 1.19 in PM10 exposure). Conclusions Long-term (3 years average) exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 was associated with an increased risk of SIIM. The associations were modified by PA, highlighting PA’s importance in reducing SIIM for all people, especially those living in high-level air pollution regions.

Abstract Background Mechanical ventilation can cause acute atrophy and injury in the diaphragm, which are related to adverse clinical results. However, the underlying mechanisms of ventilation-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD) have not been well elucidated. The current study aimed to explore the role of cellular senescence in VIDD. Methods A total of twelve New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups: (1) spontaneously breathing anaesthetized animals (the CON group) and (2) mechanically ventilated animals (for 48 h) in V-ACV mode (the MV group). Respiratory parameters were collected during ventilation. Diaphragm were collected for further analyses. Results Compared to those in the CON group, the percentage and density of sarcomere disruption in the MV group were much higher (p

C50H74N2O4, orthorhombic, P1 (no. 1), a = 7.3320(3) Å, b = 11.8132(4) Å, c = 13.1604(5) Å, α = 99.1910(10)°, β = 95.039(1)°, γ = 95.8560(10)°, V = 1113.06(7) Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.0662, wRref(F2) = 0.1655, T = 273(2) K.

Abstract Objective Little is known about the magnitude of the relation of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) constituents with hyperuricemia and serum uric acid (SUA) levels. Therefore, we aimed to assess the associations and to identify the most hazardous constituent. Methods This study included 72,840 participants from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort. Annual average concentrations of PM2.5 mass and its major 7 constituents were matched to individuals by residential address. SUA levels exceeding 7.0 mg/dL (417 μmol/L) for men and 6.0 mg/dL (357 μmol/L) for women were considered to be hyperuricemia. Multiple logistic and linear regressions were performed on the association of single exposure to PM2.5 constituents with hyperuricemia and SUA, separately. The weighted quantile sum method was applied to examine the joint effect of PM2.5 constituents on hyperuricemia/SUA. Results Significant positive associations were discovered between PM2.5 constituents and SUA/hyperuricemia. For example, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of hyperuricemia for per standard deviation increase of PM2.5 mass, black carbon, organic matter, ammonium, and nitrate concentrations were 1.22 (1.12–1.32), 1.17 (1.08–1.27), 1.20 (1.10–1.31), 1.21 (1.11–1.31), and 1.28 (1.18–1.40), respectively. The joint exposure to PM2.5 constituents was significantly positively correlated with hyperuricemia (1.09, 1.05–1.14) and SUA (1.05, 1.03–1.06). And the weight of nitrate was the largest (0.668 for hyperuricemia, 0.586 for SUA). Conclusions Our findings suggest that long-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents is associated with increased SUA levels and a higher risk of hyperuricemia. In particular, nitrate seems to be the main contributor. This study may help prevent hyperuricemia by promoting the introduction of precise preventive measures. Graphical Abstract

C24H15NO2S2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 20.8250(11) Å, b = 5.3649(3) Å, c = 18.8787(11) Å, β = 106.278(2)°, V = 2024.7(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0439, wRref(F2) = 0.1015, T = 273 K.

C28H36FNO2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 6.3277(3) Å, b = 11.9665(19) Å, c = 32.2419(19) Å, V = 2441.4(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0537, wRref(F2) = 0.1403, T = 273(2) K.

Abstract Background The current diagnostic methods of microinvasive cervical cancer lesions are imaging diagnosis and pathological evaluation. Pathological evaluation is invasive and imaging approaches are of extremely low diagnostic performance. There is a paucity of effective and noninvasive imaging approaches for these extremely early cervical cancer during clinical practice. In recent years, ultrasound molecular imaging (USMI) with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2) targeted microbubble (MBVEGFR2) has been reported to improve the early diagnosis rates of breast cancer (including ductal carcinoma in situ), pancreatic cancer and hepatic micrometastases. Herein, we aimed to assess the feasibility of MBVEGFR2-based USMI in extremely early cervical cancer detection to provide an accurate imaging modality for microinvasive cervical cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stage IA1 and IA2). Results We found MBVEGFR2-based USMI could successfully distinguish extremely early lesions in diameter

Alpha-amylases are crucial hydrolase enzymes which have been widely used in food, feed, fermentation, and pharmaceutical industries. Methods for low-cost production of α-amylases are highly desirable. Soybean seed, functioning as a bioreactor, offers an excellent platform for the mass production of recombinant proteins for its ability to synthesize substantial quantities of proteins. In this study, we generated and characterized transgenic soybeans expressing the α-amylase AmyS from Bacillus stearothermophilus. The α-amylase expression cassettes were constructed for seed specific expression by utilizing the promoters of three different soybean storage peptides and transformed into soybean via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The event with the highest amylase activity reached 601 U/mg of seed flour (one unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that generates 1 micromole reducing ends per min from starch at 65 °C in pH 5.5 sodium acetate buffer). The optimum pH, optimum temperature, and the enzymatic kinetics of the soybean expressed enzyme are similar to that of the E. coli expressed enzyme. However, the soybean expressed α-amylase is glycosylated, exhibiting enhanced thermostability and storage stability. Soybean AmyS retains over 80% activity after 100 min at 75 °C, and the transgenic seeds exhibit no significant activity loss after one year of storage at room temperature. The accumulated AmyS in the transgenic seeds represents approximately 15% of the total seed protein, or about 4% of the dry seed weight. The specific activity of the transgenic soybean seed flour is comparable to many commercial α-amylase enzyme products in current markets, suggesting that the soybean flour may be directly used for various applications without the need for extraction and purification.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a new functional food additive which has the potential to ameliorate persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome (PICS), but the biological effects of HA with various molecular weights differ dramatically. To systematically investigate the efficacy of HA in altering PICS symptoms, medium-molecular-weight (MMW) HA was specifically selected to test its intervention effect on a PICS mouse model induced by CLP through oral administration, with high-molecular-weight (HMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW) HA also participating in the experimental validation process. The results of pathological observations and gut flora showed that MMW HA rapidly alleviated lung lesions and intestinal structural changes in PICS mice in the short term. However, although long-term MMW HA administration significantly reduced the proportions of harmful bacteria in gut flora, inflammatory responses in the intestines and lungs of PICS mice were significantly higher in the MMW HA group than in the HMW HA and LMW HA groups. The use of HMW HA not only rapidly reduced the mortality rate of PICS mice but also improved their grip strength and the recovery of spleen and thymus indices. Furthermore, it consistently promoted the recovery of lung and intestinal tissues in PICS mice, and it also assisted in the sustained restoration of their gut microbiota. These effects were superior to those of LMW HA and MMW HA. The experimental results indicate that HMW weight HA has the greatest potential to be an adjunct in alleviating PICS as a food additive, while the safety of other HAs requires further attention.

Abstract Aiming to reduce the impact that the measurement uncertainty of nonlinear system brings to filtering accuracy, a novel sparse grid quadrature filter (SGQF) algorithm based on the double‐state chi‐square test is proposed. And the strap‐down inertial navigation system (SINS)/global navigation satellite system (GNSS) integrated navigation system is used to verify the algorithm. A discrete‐time system model with uncertain measurement is constructed, then the system state through the SGQF algorithm is estimated. To determine the uncertainty of the measurement, the double‐state chi‐square test is introduced. By comparing the results of the state recursor, the chi‐square test value is obtained and it is used to update the measurement noise. Further, the system state and error covariance are re‐estimated. So far a robust sparse grid filter algorithm with statistical adjustment of the measurement noise is obtained. The proposed algorithm can overcome the influence of error statistical characteristic amplification on system filtering accuracy. Taking the SINS/GNSS integrated navigation system as the application object, off‐line simulation experiments and online flight tests verify the robustness of the proposed algorithm.

The insertion of an ileus tube is an important treatment for intestinal obstruction. According to previous reports, jejunal intussusception has been reported as a complication associated with ileus tube placement. However, rupture of the weighted tip of an ileus tube has not been reported before. Herein, we report a 55-year-old Chinese woman who underwent radical proctectomy (DIXON) for rectal cancer and developed pelvic recurrence and lung metastasis 65 months after surgery, accompanied by symptoms of acute intestinal obstruction. An ileus tube was inserted before the operation (extensive total hysterectomy, bilateral adnexal resection, rectal Hartman operation, partial enterectomy, and intestinal adhesion lysis). Rupture of the ileus tube occurred after the operation and was treated with paraffin oil and enteral nutrition, and the metal beads and spring were eliminated through the colostomy. During the follow-up, the patient received targeted therapy plus immunotherapy, which was successful: the quality of life of the patient was excellent, and no obvious abnormal symptoms were found. Endoscopy-assisted ileus tube insertion should be performed under intravenous anesthesia, and a knot should be tied at the tip of the ileus tube before insertion so that the ileus tube can be inserted easily by grasping the thread with biopsy forceps(the “thread-knotting” method). With the above methods, the procedure of ileus tube insertion could be improved to reduce the incidence of tube-related rupture.

C28H41NO2, monoclinic, C2 (no. 5), a = 4.8622(5) Å, b = 6.7853(7) Å, c = 14.3349(17) Å, β = 96.556(3)°, V = 469.84(9) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0482, wRref (F 2) = 0.1257, T = 284(2) K.

Abstract Background Positive end-expiratory airway pressure (PEEP) is a potent component of management for patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV). However, PEEP may cause the development of diaphragm remodeling, making it difficult for patients to be weaned from MV. The current study aimed to explore the role of PEEP in VIDD. Methods Eighteen adult male New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups at random: nonventilated animals (the CON group), animals with volume-assist/control mode without/ with PEEP 8 cmH2O (the MV group/ the MV + PEEP group) for 48 h with mechanical ventilation. Ventilator parameters and diaphragm were collected during the experiment for further analysis. Results There was no difference among the three groups in arterial blood gas and the diaphragmatic excursion during the experiment. The tidal volume, respiratory rate and minute ventilation were similar in MV + PEEP group and MV group. Airway peak pressure in MV + PEEP group was significantly higher than that in MV group (p

The rent-free farmland transfer that exists widely in China’s rural areas is a topic worthy of attention. Particularly, the regional heterogeneity of its occurrences implies regional cultural heterogeneities. Using local dialects to proxy regional cultural features, this study applies econometric methods to examine the impacts of dialect diversity on rent-free farmland transfers. It also considers possible mechanisms through a mediation analysis, based on a combined two-year rural household survey dataset from the Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces in 2015 and 2016. Robust estimation results reveal that dialect diversity increases the probability of rent-free farmland transfers at the household and village levels. According to the mediation analysis, dialect diversity influences villages’ farmland abandonment, rural farmland market development, and the flexibility of farmland transfer contracts, which further affects rent-free farmland transfer. Rent-free farmland transfer depends on social trust and contracts’ self-fulfilling advantages. Therefore, cultural and traditional factors should be taken into consideration, which would form beneficial interactions between the selections of rural farmland institutional arrangement and land rights policy implementations.

Coronal jets are one of the most common eruptive activities in the solar atmosphere. They are related to rich physics processes, including, but not limited to, magnetic reconnection, flaring, instabilities, and plasma heating. Automated identification of off-limb coronal jets has been difficult due to their abundant nature, complex appearance, and relatively small size compared to other features in the corona. In this paper, we present an automated jet identification algorithm (AJIA) that utilizes true and fake jets previously detected by a laborious semiautomated jet detection algorithm (SAJIA) as the input of an image segmentation neural network U-NET. It is found that AJIA can achieve a much higher (0.81) detecting precision than SAJIA (0.34) while giving the possibility of whether each pixel in an input image belongs to a jet. We demonstrate that with the aid of artificial neural networks, AJIA can enable fast, accurate, and real-time off-limb coronal jet identification from Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly 304 Å observations, which are essential in studying the collective and long-term behavior of coronal jets and their relation to the solar activity cycles.

C20H26O5, monoclinic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.5455(15) Å, b = 12.735(3) Å, c = 18.333(4) Å, V = 1761.6(6) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt ${R}_{gt}$ (F) = 0.0529, wRref $w{R}_{ref}$ (F 2) = 0.1407, T = 273(2) K.

C20H32O3, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 7.8981(17) Å, b = 10.302(2) Å, c = 11.028(3) Å, β = 90.020(2)°, V = 897.3(3) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0603, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1342, T = 273(2) K.

C28H41NO, triclinic, P1 $P1$ (no. 1), a = 6.3144(8) Å, b = 9.7315(13) Å, c = 10.5867(14) Å, α = 111.561(4)°, β = 96.486(4)∘ $96.486{(4)}^{\circ }$ , γ = 97.128(4)°, V = 591.41(14) Å3, Z = 1, Rgt ${R}_{\mathit{g}\mathit{t}}$ (F) = 0.0579, wRref $w{R}_{\mathit{r}\mathit{e}\mathit{f}}$ (F 2) = 0.1687, T = 273(2) K.

C26H40O9, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 22.6816(12) Å, b = 7.3911(3) Å, c = 15.6072(8) Å, V = 2616.4(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0455, wRref(F2) = 0.1230, T = 273(2) K.

C30H40O5, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 6.5012(3) Å, b = 15.3297(7) Å, c = 21.8138(14) Å, V = 2672.3(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0537, wRref(F2) = 0.1355, T = 273(2) K.

C28H41NO2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 10.4480(5) Å, b = 12.4188(6) Å, c = 18.3905(10) Å, V = 2386.2(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0608, wRref (F2) = 0.1510, T = 273(2) K.

C24H30O7, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 11.4194(5) Å, b = 13.4657(6) Å, c = 14.7549(7) Å, V = 2268.86(18) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0535, wRref(F2) = 0.1239, T = 273(2) K.

The traditional wave impeding block (WIB) is designed as composite multilayer WIB with the same thickness to improve its vibration isolation effect. Based on the wave theory in unsaturated porous medium and elastic medium, the isolation effect of composite multilayer WIB on P-wave in unsaturated soil is investigated, and the solution of the vertical displacement at surface after setting composite multilayer WIB (as an example for triple-layer) in unsaturated foundation is obtained. The key factors such as incidence angle, frequency, saturation, thickness, and burial depth of the composite multilayer WIB are evaluated on its vibration isolation properties. The results show that the optimum vibration isolation effect can be achieved by controlling the wave impedance ratio among layers of materials. The isolation efficiency of composite multilayer WIB is 33.9% higher than homogeneous WIB with same thickness at l east, and has good vibration isolation effect for low, medium, and high frequency.

To understand how organizations adopt varying configurations of differentiating (i.e., compartmentalizing logics into different subunits or roles) and integrating (i.e., combining logics to highlight synergies) over time to navigate logic contestations and extract logic complementarities for organizational innovation, we conduct a 15-year in-depth longitudinal case study of a higher education institution to examine how it devised innovative hybrid practices to manage and support college student development. By employing the grounded theory method, we develop a four-stage process model of the varying configurations of differentiating and integrating that expounds on how two contested logics are sustained and exploited over time. We assert that selective bridging—the instrumental use of one logic enables some practices of one logic to be selectively integrated with the other, while irreconcilable practices remain differentiated to play their respective roles, is vital in allowing organizations to leverage respective advantages in combining differentiating and integrating over time. Further, we show that combining integrating and differentiating features simultaneously transforms contested logics into compatible and complementary, offering a novel way for logic hybridization. These findings advance the understanding of how organizations can differentiate and integrate contested logics over time through a dynamic and paradoxical view, thus being manageable and manipulated for organizational innovation.

C28H41NO, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 10.5758(10) Å, b = 12.3659(9) Å, c = 18.0301(16) Å, V = 2358.0(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt (F) = 0.0524, wRref (F 2) = 0.1220, T = 273(2) K.

C27H39NO, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 10.5248(7) Å, b = 12.6248(7) Å, c = 16.8913(9) Å, V = 2244.4(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt (F) = 0.0435, wRref (F 2) = 0.1033, T = 173(2) K.

Abstract Background Older adults with type 2 diabetes are at higher risk of developing common geriatric syndromes and have a lower quality of life. To prevent type 2 diabetes in older adults, it’s unclear whether the health benefits of physical activity (PA) will be influenced by the harms caused by increased exposure to air pollution during PA, especially in developing countries with severe air pollution problem. We aimed to investigate the joint effects of PA and long-term exposure to air pollution on the type 2 diabetes in older adults from China. Methods This cross-sectional study was based on the China Multi-Ethnic cohort (CMEC) study. The metabolic equivalent of PA was calculated according to the PA scale during the CMEC baseline survey. High resolution air pollution datasets (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) were collected from open products. The joint effects were assessed by the marginal structural mean model with generalized propensity score. Results A total of 36,562 participants aged 50 to 79 years were included in the study. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 10.88%. The mean (SD) level of PA was 24.93 (18.60) MET-h/d, and the mean (SD) level of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were 70.00 (23.32) µg/m3, 40.45 (15.66) µg/m3 and 27.62 (6.51) µg/m3, respectively. With PM10

Background: Numerous studies have shown that residential greenness positively correlates with enhanced health. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects about a quarter of the population while lacking specific treatments. Given that the association between green space and MAFLD is still unknown, we explored the association between residential greenness and MAFLD as well as the potential mechanisms based on the baseline survey of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC). Methods: Residential greenness was expressed as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI). MAFLD was assessed through hepatic steatosis, the presence of overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and evidence of metabolic dysregulation. We used logistic regression to examine the association between NDVI/EVI and the prevalence of MAFLD. Moreover, we utilized causal mediation analyses to explore the role of physical activity and ambient particulate matters (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10) on the association between residential greenness and MAFLD. Results: We included 72,368 participants from the CMEC and found that residential greenness was negatively associated with the prevalence of MAFLD. For an interquartile range (IQR) increase in NDVI500 m and EVI500 m, the odds ratio (OR) of MAFLD were 0.78 (95 %CI: 0.75, 0.81) and 0.81 (95 %CI: 0.78, 0.84), respectively. Greater association between residential greenness and MAFLD was observed among males. Air pollutants and physical activity could mediate a partial effect (8.5–22.9 %) of residential greenness on MAFLD. Conclusion: Higher residential greenness was associated with decreased risk of MAFLD. Moreover, the association was greater among males. The protective effects of residential greenness may be achieved by mitigating the hazardous effects of air pollutants and encouraging physical activity.

Abstract Background In order to improve the current situations in rice–wheat rotation region in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as large amount of rice straw, complex returning process, short-time stubble connection, high power consumption, poor smoothness and especially unstable performance, and further promote the resource utilization process of full straw returning in Jiangsu province, this study, combined with the agronomic requirements of wheat sowing in rice-stubble land, developed an innovation of strip fertilization planting for straw crushing with back-throwing and interrow-laying in full stubble fields. Results Structural design and theoretical analysis were carried out on key components such as straw crushing device, broken-straw control device, soil rotary-tillage device and power transmission device, etc., to determine the corresponding structure and operating performance parameters, and then the field performance and verification tests were completed on the uniformity of inter-row mulching-straw Y 1 and the variability of seed-band width Y 2 . The results showed that the crushing spindle rotation-speed A had an extremely significant impact on Y 1 , followed by the machine ground speed B. The conveying impeller rotation-speed C had an extremely significant effect on Y 2 , also secondary to the machine ground speed B. And the superior combination of factor levels as A 2 B 2 C 2 was adopted through the comprehensive power energy consumption analysis. The verification test results indicated that under the optimized operation parameter combination, namely, when the crushing spindle rotation-speed A was 2100 r/min, the machine ground speed B was 0.8 m/s, and the conveying impeller rotation-speed C was 210 r/min, the mean value of inter-row straw uniformity Y 1 and seed-band width variation Y 2 were 90.85% and 10.73%, respectively, after machine operation. Conclusion It meets the requirements of operation quality and planting agronomy of relevant protective tillage machinery, and provides technical and equipment support for the research and development of similar straw crushing and no-tillage sowing.

C19H16O7, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 30.5661(14) Å, b = 7.0209(3) Å, c = 17.2028(7) Å, β = 117.342(1)°, V = 3279.3(2) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0489, wRref(F2) = 0.1398, T = 273(2) K.

C11H10O4, monoclinic, Pn (no. 7), a = 4.8622(5) Å, b = 6.7853(7) Å, c = 14.3349(17) Å, β = 96.556(3)°, V = 469.84(9) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0512, wRref(F2) = 0.1249, T = 273(2) K.

Recently, the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus has made it a major chronic illness which poses a substantial threat to human health. The prevalence of osteoporosis among patients with diabetes mellitus has grown considerably. Diabetic bone disease is a secondary osteoporosis induced by diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabetic bone disease exhibit variable degrees of bone loss, low bone mineral density, bone microarchitecture degradation, and increased bone fragility with continued diabetes mellitus, increasing their risk of fracture and impairing their ability to heal after fractures. At present, there is extensive research interest in diabetic bone disease and many significant outcomes have been reported. However, there are no comprehensive review is reported. This review elaborates on diabetic bone disease in the aspects of characteristics, pathogenesis, and treatment.

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by erosive arthritis, and current treatments for RA fall short of the outcomes expected by clinicians and patients.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify novel therapeutic and prognostic targets in RA at the genomic level and to screen desirable compounds with potential inhibitory effects on GZMB.MethodsWe performed differential gene analysis on GSE55235 and GSE55457 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and then obtained the intersection of the two differentially expressed genes (DEGs) lists by drawing Venn diagrams. Then we performed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis on the DEGs of the intersection. Next, we downloaded the crystal structure of Granzyme B (GZMB). Molecular docking technology was used to screen potential inhibitors of GZMB in subsequent experiments, and we then analyzed the toxicity and water solubility of these potential inhibitors for future drug experiments. Finally, whether the docking of these small molecules with GZMB is stable is tested by molecular dynamics.ResultsA total of 352 mutual DEGs were identified. Twenty hub genes were obtained according to PPI network analysis, among which the GZMB gene attracted the attention of our research. Three potent natural compounds, ZINC000004557101, ZINC000012495776, and ZINC000038143593, bound to GZMB, show better binding affinity. Furthermore, they are predicted to own low Ames mutagenicity, developmental toxicity potential, rodent carcinogenicity, and high tolerance to cytochrome P4502D6. Molecular dynamics simulations show that ZINC000004557101 and GZMB have more advantageous potential energy and can exist stably in a natural environment. Moreover, we finally verified the inhibitory effect of ZINC000004557101 on granzyme B by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Western blotting experiment.ConclusionRA patients showed increased GZMB expression. ZINC000004557101 is a potential drug targeting GZMB for treating RA.

BackgroundDisorder of consciousness (DOC) is frequent in patients with stroke, which is the second most common cause of death and a leading cause of disability. Acupuncture has been used as a curative method for DOC treatment in China. Nevertheless, no critical systematic review of acupuncture's effect on DOC has been published. This review aims to evaluate the present evidence regarding the efficacy of acupuncture for DOC after stroke.MethodsSeven databases were searched from their inception to November 1, 2021, containing three English databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and four Chinese databases (CNKI, CBM, VIP, and Wanfang Database). The primary outcomes comprise the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) before and after treatment. Secondary outcomes involve resuscitation rate, resuscitation time, and adverse events. Data synthesis was calculated by RevMan (V.5.4.1) software. According to the Cochrane Handbook, methodological quality was assessed with the risk of bias tool 2.0 (RoB2).ResultsSeventeen studies containing 1,208 patients were eventually included in our review. Overall, most trials were rated as high or had some concerns regarding the risk of bias. GCS was reported in 16 trials, and a meta-analysis showed that GCS improvement in the acupuncture group was greater than in the non-acupuncture group (MD 1.45, 95% CI 0.94–1.97, P < 0.0001). One trial reported that GOS improvement in the acupuncture plus medication group was greater than in the medication group (MD 0.58, 95% CI 0.11–1.05, P = 0.01). Another study reported that acupuncture plus medication was statistically more effective in shortening resuscitation time than medication alone (MD−0.89, 95% CI −1.53 to −0.25, P = 0.006). Four trials reported that the resuscitation rate in the acupuncture group was higher than without acupuncture intervention (RR 1.68, 95% CI 1.30–2.18, I2 0%, P = 0.39). Adverse events were reported in two studies, with one case in the acupuncture group suffering from subcutaneous hematoma.ConclusionAcupuncture may improve consciousness level, increase the resuscitation rate, and shorten resuscitation time for post-stroke patients with DOC. Adverse events from acupuncture were rare, tolerable, and recoverable. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously, and more rigorous RCTs with better methodology are warranted.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=289802, identifier 289802.

C18H16O7, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.3948(3) Å, b = 24.2947(9) Å, c = 17.3201(6) Å, β = 93.063(1)°, V = 3107.2(2) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0427, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1241, T = 300(2) K.

With the deepening of global oil and gas exploration research, the North Atlantic polar region has gradually become the frontier of oil and gas exploration, but the exploration degree of Jan Mayan micro-continent is very low.The study on stratigraphy, structures and tectonic evolution modelling of the Jan Mayan microcontinent (JMMC)is presented in the paper based on seismic, gravity and magnetic data newly acquired by CNOOC in its contract area and other new published papers which show the most update progress of the JMMC. Located in the central part of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea of the North Atlantic, the JMMC is conjugate with the Jameson Land Basin on the Greenland continent margin and the Vøring Basin on the Norwegian shelf margin of the Beltic Continent in accordance with similar Paleozoic-Mesozoic stratigraphy. The JMMC extends southwards from the Jan Mayan fracture zone towards northern Iceland and its architecture shows the characteristics of detachment faults which is similar to the Mesozoic fault system of the Vøring Basin. The distribution of SDR, volcanic intrusion and explosion can be interpreted on the seismic data which indicates the JMMC is the distal domain of the volcanic passive margin in the North Atlantic mostly during the Cenozoic age. The tectonic evolution model is setup by analogic basin analysis and is supposed to start from the Paleozoic-Mesozoic orogeny to rifting, and then be influenced by the twice seafloor spreading of the age 55 Ma and 25 Ma. The first seafloor spreading of 55 Ma age caused the continental crust break-up and formed the volcanic passive margin between the Greenland and Beltic, especially the JMMC's separating from the conjugate Norwegian shelf margin. The second seafloor spreading of 25 Ma age caused the oceanic ridge jump due to the Iceland mantle plume drifting off the Greenland and also caused the JMMC's separation from the Greenland Continent as an 'abandoned orphan' floating on the oceanic crust. The meaning of this study is to discuss kinematic evolution of residual continental crust detached from the distal domain of the plate and to indicate lithospheric extension and break while the embryonic oceanic crust generating through the detachment movements and mantle upwelling.

This paper takes the typical transform passive marginal basin, eg.Cote d'Ivoire Basin as the research object, starting from the transitional edge of the basin, by using comprehensive analysis of various data.We identified two types of transform margins in the marginal basin and summarized respective characteristics; we also compared the differences between two types of transform margins in stratigraphic development, fault systems, volcanic activity, stress fields and different impact on the basin.Through the research of this article, it is believed that a typical transform continental margin basin has two different types of ocean-continent transform margins: transitional margins and transitional discrete margins; There are significant differences between the two types of margins in terms of contact relationship, volcanic activity intensity, and transformation of early strata; The transform continental margin basin structure is controlled by both early faults and transitional faults system.Especially at the transform discrete margins, tensile and strike-slip stresses are overlapped.After multi-stages of structural transformation, the early fault system has dual properties of strike-slip and tension, and multi-stages structural transformation also has a significant impact on oil and gas migration, accumulation and preservation.Early faults near the conversion faults may undergo reversal effect, and the nature of the early faults may change, resulting in compression structures or stratigraphic reversals.

Abstract Background Chinese grass shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis) is an important species widely distributed throughout China, which is ecologically relevant and possesses ornamental and economic value. These organisms have experienced a sharp decline in population due to overfishing. Therefore interest in P. sinensis aquaculture has risen in an effort to alleviate fishing pressure on wild populations. Therefore, we investigated the genetic diversity and variation of P. sinensis to verify the accuracy of previous research results, as well as to assess the risk of diversity decline in wild populations and provide data for artificial breeding. Methods Palaemonetes sinensis specimens from seven locations were collected and their genetic variability was assessed based on mitochondrial COI gene segments. DNA sequence polymorphisms for each population were estimated using DNASP 6.12. The demographic history and genetic variation were evaluated using Arlequin 3.11. At last, the pairwise genetic distance (Ds) values and dendrograms were constructed with the MEGA 11 software package. Results Our study obtained sequences from 325 individuals, and 41 haplotypes were identified among the populations. The haplotype diversity (H d ) and nucleotide diversity (π) indices ranged from 0.244 ± 0.083 to 0.790 ± 0.048 and from 0.0004 ± 0.0001 to 0.0028 ± 0.0006, respectively. Haplotype network analyses identified haplotype Hap_1 as a potential maternal ancestral haplotype for the studied populations. AMOVA results indicated that genetic variations mainly occurred within populations (73.07%). Moreover, according to the maximum variation among groups (F CT ), analysis of molecular variance using the optimal two-group scheme indicated that the maximum variation occurred among groups (53.36%). Neutrality and mismatch distribution tests suggested that P. sinensis underwent a recent population expansion. Consistent with the SAMOVA analysis and haplotype network analyses, the Ds and F ST between the population pairs indicated that the JN population was distinctive from the others. Conclusions Our study conducted a comprehensive characterization of seven wild P. sinensis populations, and our findings elucidated highly significant differences within populations. The JN population was differentiated from the other six populations, as a result of long-term geographical separation. Overall, the present study provided a valuable basis for the management of genetic resources and a better understanding of the ecology and evolution of this species.