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Despite the apparent simplicity, the problem of refraction of electromagnetic waves at the planar interface between two media has an incredibly rich spectrum of unusual phenomena. An example is the paradox that occurs when an electromagnetic wave is incident on the interface between a hyperbolic medium and an isotropic dielectric. At certain orientations of the optical axis of the hyperbolic medium relative to the interface, the reflected and transmitted waves are completely absent. In this paper, we formulate the aforementioned paradox and present its resolution by introduction of infinitesimal losses in a hyperbolic medium. We show that the reflected wave exists, but became extremely decaying as the loss parameter tends to zero. As a consequence, all the energy scattered into the reflected channel is absorbed at the interface. We support our reasoning with analytical calculations, numerical simulations, and an experiment with self-complementary metasurfaces in the microwave region. In addition to the great fundamental interest, this paradox resolution discovers a plethora of applications for the reflectors, refractors, absorbers, lenses, antennas, camouflage and holography applications., Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures

Guided waves are the perfect carriers of electromagnetic signals in planar miniaturized devices due to their high localization and controlled propagation direction. However, it is still a challenge to control the polarization of propagating guided waves. In this work, we discover both theoretically and experimentally the broadband polarization TE-TM degeneracy of highly localized guided waves propagating along an all-dielectric metasurface and a subwavelength chain of dielectric high-index cylinders. Using the discovered near-field polarization degree of freedom, we demonstrate experimentally the polarization transformation for guided waves propagating along a subwavelength chain of dielectric cylinders at any frequency within the finite spectral range. Namely, we implement the simplest planar near-field polarization device -- the quarter-wave-retardation (linear-to-circular) polarization transformer of guided waves. The results obtained discover the polarization degree of freedom for guided waves paving the way towards numerous applications in flat optics and planar photonics., Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures

Spoof surface plasmon-polariton is a type of surface wave propagating at the artificially engineered structures in microwave and terahertz ranges. These surface waves are highly important in planar photonic and on-chip devices, integrated circuits, lenses, sensors, and antennas applications. However, it is still a challenge to control the propagation regime of such surface waves including the wavefront shapes and propagation directions. In this letter, we study the surface waves in bilayer hyperbolic metasurfaces and show that interplay between two layers allows to manage their regime of propagation. We demonstrate the switching between angle and number of propagation directions of surface waves at the same frequency. Finally, we demonstrate experimentally the tunable multidirectional in-plane canalization of surface waves by adjusting directions of their propagation with angular range from 0 to 12.8 degrees. The discovered rotation-mediated interlayer coupling of hyperbolic metasurfaces paves way towards efficient in-plane transfer of localized electromagnetic signal.

Surface electromagnetic waves are the main carriers of the highly localized in-plane signal in planar antennas and photonic devices. However, the polarization degree of freedom is generally absent for surface waves as far as it is still a challenge to excite the surface waves with a necessary polarization state. In this letter, for the first time, we propose a method to excite the surface waves of arbitrary polarization using the self-complementary metasurfaces obeying Babinet's duality principle. Namely, we demonstrate the excitation of surface waves with (i) linear horizontal and vertical, (ii) linear diagonal, (iii) right- and left-handed circular, and (iv) elliptical polarizations covering, in principle, a whole Poincare sphere of polarization states. Finally, we analyze the impact of substrate on the efficiency of polarization-demanded surface waves excitation. The results obtained may find the numerous applications in planar photonic and flat optical polarization devices.

We develop the theory of optical beam shifts (both Goos-Hanchen and Imbert-Fedorov) for the case of near-normal incidence, when the incident angle becomes comparable with the angular beam divergence. Such a situation naturally leads to strong enhancement of the shifts reported recently [ACS Photonics 6, 2530 (2019)]. Experimental results find complete and rigorous explanation in our generalized theory. In addition, the developed theory uncovers the unified origin of the anomalous beam shifts enhancement via the Berry phase singularity. We also propose a simple experimental scheme involving quarter-wave plate that allows to observe the giant transverse and longitudinal, spatial and angular beam shifts simultaneously. Our results can find applications in spin-orbit photonics, polarization optics, sensing applications, and quantum weak measurements.

Self-complementary metasurfaces have gained significant attention due to their unique frequency-independent transmission and reflection properties and the possibility of the polarization transformation of plane waves. In this paper, we focus on the near-field spectrum to investigate both theoretically and experimentally the properties of surface waves supported by anisotropic self-complementary metasurfaces. We show that as a consequence of the electromagnetic Babinet's duality, such structure is hyperbolic for any frequency. We reveal the polarization degree of freedom inherent to plane waves by demonstrating the broadband TE-TM polarization degeneracy of the surface waves along two principal directions. We demonstrate the possibility of switching the canalization direction of 90 degrees by a very small frequency shift paving a way to the extreme tunability and surface wave routing. The results obtained open a plethora of opportunities for practical applications, including flat polarization devices, optical data processing systems and antennas., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures

Hyperbolic metasurfaces have gained significant attention due to their extraordinary electromagnetic properties to control propagating plane waves, but the excitation and propagation of the surface plasmon-polaritons at hyperbolic metasurfaces, called hyperbolic plasmons, have been experimentally observed just recently. However, the advantages of the hyperbolic plasmons, such as hybrid TE-TM polarization discussed below, are not yet fully revealed and analyzed. In this paper we focus on the numerical and experimental characterization of surface waves in the frequency range from 2 to 8 GHz supported by a hyperbolic metasurface composed of anisotropic metallic Jerusalem crosses printed on a thin dielectric substrate. We show different shapes of equal frequency contours, which correspond to a plethora of excitation and propagation regimes of surface waves. The principal novelty of this work consists in the experimental demonstration of the surface waves with a hybrid, i.e. mixed TE-TM, polarization. Surface waves with a hybrid polarization are the promising tool in a number of applications and phenomena including polarization converters, plasmonic sensors, plasmon steering over a surface, optical forces, spin-orbit photonics, and highlight the impact for the on-chip and planar networks., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures

Metasurfaces offer great potential to control near- and far-fields through engineering of optical properties of elementary cells or meta-atoms. Such perspective opens a route to efficient manipulation of the optical signals both at nanoscale and in photonics applications. In this paper we show that by using an effective surface conductivity tensor it is possible to unambigiously describe optical properties of an anisotropic metasurface in the far- and near-field regimes. We begin with retrieving the effective surface conductivity tensor from the comparative analysis of experimental and numerical reflectance spectra of a metasurface composed of elliptical gold nanoparticles. Afterwards restored conductivities are validated in the crosscheck versus semianalytic parameters obtained with the discrete dipole model with and without dipoles interaction contribution. The obtained effective parameters are further used for the dispersion analysis of surface plasmons localized at the metasurface. The effective medium model predicts existence of both TE- and TM-polarized plasmons in a wide range of optical frequencies and describes peculiarities of their dispersion, in particularly, topological transition from the elliptical to hyperbolic regime with eligible accuracy. The analysis in question offers a simple practical way to describe properties of metasurfaces including ones in the near-field zone by extracting effective parameters from the convenient far-field characterisation., Comment: 29 pages, 9 figures

Optical metasurfaces have great potential to form the platform for manipulation of surface waves. A plethora of advanced surface-wave phenomena utilizing negative refraction, self-collimation and channeling of 2D waves can be realized through on-demand engineering of dispersion properties of a periodic metasurface. In this letter, we report on the first-time direct experimental polarization-resolved measurement of dispersion of 2D optical plasmons supported by an anisotropic metasurface. We demonstrate that a subdiffractive array of strongly coupled resonant anisotropic plasmonic nanoparticles supports unusual optical surface waves with mixed TE- and TM-like polarizations. With the assistance of numerical simulations we identify dipole and quadrupole dispersion bands. The shape of isofrequency contours changes drastically with frequency exhibiting nontrivial transformations of their curvature and topology that is consistently confirmed by the experimental data. By revealing polarization degree of freedom for surface waves, our results open new routes for designing of planar on-chip devices for surface photonics.

Transverse spin angular momentum is an inherent feature of evanescent waves which may have applications in nanoscale optomechanics, spintronics, and quantum information technology due to the robust spin-directional coupling. Here we analyze a local spin angular momentum density of hybrid surface waves propagating along anisotropic hyperbolic metasurfaces. We reveal that, in contrast to bulk plane waves and conventional surface plasmons at isotropic interfaces, the spin of the hybrid surface waves can be engineered to have an arbitrary angle with the propagation direction. This property allows to tailor directivity of surface waves via the magnetic control of the spin projection of quantum emitters, and it can be useful for optically controlled spin transfer., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures