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Background: The prevalence of age-related eye disorders is increasing with the aging of the global population. Community-based visual health education for the elderly has become a crucial intervention. With the advancement of technology, the application of extended reality (XR), such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), in health education has become more popular. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of educating the elderly about common age-related eye disorders through a novel AR-based health education workshop., Methods: An AR-based education workshop was designed for the elderly to understand the major visual symptoms of several eye diseases and experience the challenges faced by visually impaired people. The effectiveness of the workshop was assessed by conducting pre- and post-activity surveys to measure the knowledge acquisition of the participants from this workshop., Results: The intervention was found to significantly improve knowledge of age-related eye diseases among the elderly, while the participants' age and education level could influence the effectiveness of their knowledge gained from the workshop., Conclusions: Our study revealed the potential of the use of AR technology in facilitating health education on eye diseases in the elderly. The specific backgrounds and characteristics of target participants and the combination of AR with other pedagogical approaches warrant further investigation to maximize the impact of AR-based workshops in health education in broader healthcare contexts., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong/Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster (UW 21–209). Prior to the AR-based workshop, participants were informed of the aims of the study and that their data provided would remain anonymous. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants at the beginning of the study. They were informed of their voluntariness in participating in the study and their freedom to withdraw from the study at any stage. The study was conducted from October 2021 to August 2022. Consent for publication: Consent for publication has been obtained from our participants. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Photocatalytic nitrogen (N 2 ) fixation over semiconductors has always suffered from poor conversion efficiency owing to weak N 2 adsorption and the difficulty of N≡N triple bond dissociation. Herein, a Co single-atom catalyst (SAC) model with a C-defect-evoked CoP 4 distorted configuration was fabricated using a selective phosphidation strategy, wherein P-doping and C defects co-regulate the local electronic structure of Co sites. Comprehensive experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that the distorted CoP 4 configuration caused a strong charge redistribution between the Co atoms and adjacent C atoms, minimizing their electronegativity difference. Consequently, the N 2 adsorption pattern switched from an "end-on" to a "side-on" mode with a high N 2 adsorption energy of -1.40 eV and an elongated N-N bond length of 1.20 Å, notably decreasing the N 2 adsorption/activation energy barrier. In the absence of sacrificial agents, the Co SAC achieved excellent photocatalytic overall N 2 fixation performance via an enzymatic pathway. The NH 3 yielding rate peaked at 1249.5 μmol h -1  g -1 with an apparent quantum yield of 3.51 % at 365 nm. Moreover, the selective phosphidation strategy has universality for synthesizing other SACs, such as those containing Ni and Fe. This study offers new insight into co-regulating the electronic structure of SACs for efficient photocatalytic overall N 2 fixation., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

It is known that large-scale synthesis of emitters affords colloidal quantum dot (CQD) materials with a great opportunity toward the mass production of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) based commercial electronic products. Herein, an unprecedented example of scalable CQD (> 0.5 kilogram) is achieved by using a core/shell structure of CdZnSe/ZnSeS/CdZnS, in which CdZnSe, ZnSeS, and CdZnS alloys are used as the inner core, transition layer and outermost shell, respectively. It exhibits a high fluorescence quantum yield (>90%), a robust excited state, and a fast radiative transition rate. The investigation of morphology and surface state reveals the possible reasons for such excellent optical properties, which include uniform size distribution, no undesired byproducts, and high defect tolerance. The QLEDs exhibit a peak external quantum efficiency of over 21%, a high luminance of over 9.5×10 4  cd m -2, and a long lifetime of over 1.0×10 6 h, corresponding to the state-of-the-art performance among the QLEDs based on the large-scale synthesis of CQDs. Therefore, it is believed that an efficient and reliable strategy is provided toward the large-scale synthesis of CQDs, which can be used as emitters in the QLEDs-based commercial electronic devices and make the mass production of these products a reality., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Modulating self-aggregation and charge transport in the upper acceptor layer of the pseudo planar heterojunction (PPHJ) is crucial for enhancing dielectric constant and suppressing trap density, leading to efficient and stable organic photovoltaics (OPVs). In this work, a metal complex acceptor (MCA), PtAC-Cl, is selectively incorporated into the upper host Y6 layer of PPHJ to regulate morphology and fill trap states. There exists a strong chemical interaction between PtAC-Cl and Y6, which can promote electron transfer. PtAC-Cl can regulate the self-aggregation and extend the exciton diffusion length of Y6, resulting in enhanced charge transport and reduced energetic disorder. Consequently, upper layer-modulated PPHJ devices with PtAC-Cl achieved a significant power conversion efficiency of 18.16%. The universality of PtAC-Cl is also demonstrated in PM6/eC9 and PM6/L8-BO systems, achieving the highest PCEs of 18.79 and 19.30%, respectively. All the improved PCEs are mainly attributed to the enhanced fill factor (FF) and short circuit current (J sc ) compared with the controls. Additionally, PtAC-Cl significantly improves the thermal stability and photostability of the devices, with a T 80 lifetime of ≈ 401 h under continuous illumination with simulated 1-Sun light and 1265 h under continuous heating at 70 °C. Overall, this work introduces the concept of MCA and proposes a practical and efficient method to enhance the efficiency and stability of OPVs through selective upper-layer modulation in PPHJ with MCA., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

A novel and straightforward method for the iron-catalyzed regioselective cross-dehydrogenative coupling of para -quinone methides ( p -QMs) with formamides has been developed, facilitated by the in situ activation of the C(sp 2 )-H bonds of the formyl and alkenyl substituents via a radical strategy. This method does not require the preactivation of the substrates, and it can accommodate a wide range of p -QMs and formamides under the optimized reaction conditions, resulting in the formation of the expected C-7 acetamides-functionalized para -quinone methides with moderate to good yields. The control experiments revealed that the reaction follows the fundamental equation of second-order kinetics. Additionally, an exploration of the Hammett effect was undertaken to elucidate the impact of the substituents for the reaction. In combination with the DFT calculation, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed through meticulously controlled experiments.

The bit islands in magnetic patterns play a crucial role in advancing magnetic recording density, but the trade-off issues between miniaturization and scalable production are still challenging. Here we present a two-in-one technique of nanoimprint lithography (NIL)-assisted self-assembly using a specially engineered FePt-containing block copolymer (BCP), offering a simple one-step fabrication for L1 0 -FePt bit-patterned media with high throughput. This method combines top-down NIL with bottom-up self-assembly to precisely control the ultrafine magnetic bits in the nanoscale patterns. The FePt-derived BCPs, designed with an equal atomic ratio of Fe and Pt, ensure the preparation of homogeneously dispersed L1 0 -FePt nanoparticles (NPs). Subsequent BCP pyrolysis results in NPs with enhanced magnetic properties, significantly advancing high-density data storage devices. This strategy offers a novel approach to drive the innovative creation of ordered magnetic metal alloy NPs arrays for practical applications.

A comprehensive investigation has been carried out on a series of complexes of the type (N^N)Pt(-CC-Ar) 2 , where N^N represents diarylamino-substituted 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) ligands and -CC-Ar refers to the substituted arylacetylide ligands. The introduction of trifluoromethyl and methoxy substituents to the phenylacetylide unit results in color tuning of the phosphorescence energy in these complexes. The bulky diarylamino substituents on the bipyridine ligand showed distinctive electronic properties, resulting in improved hole-transporting characteristics. Solution-processed phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (PHOLEDs) were fabricated using these Pt II emissive dopants with poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) as the host. All the devices exhibit promising performances with the best luminance efficiency being up to 20 cd A -1 and the external quantum efficiency reaching 7%.

The incorporation of transition-metal single atoms as molecular functional entities into the skeleton of graphdiyne (GDY) to construct novel two-dimensional (2D) metal-acetylide frameworks, known as metalated graphynes (MGYs), is a promising strategy for developing efficient catalysts, which can combine the tunable charge transfer of GDY frameworks, the catalytic activity of metal and the precise distribution of single metallic centers. Herein, four highly conjugated MGY photocatalysts based on Ni II , Pd II , Pt II , and Hg II were synthesized for the first time using the 'bottom-up' strategy through the use of M-C bonds (-C≡C-M-C≡C-). Remarkably, the Ni II -based graphyne (TEPY-Ni-GY) exhibited the highest CO generation rate of 18.3 mmol g -1  h -1 and a selectivity of 98.8 %. This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of pyrenyl and -C≡C-Ni(PBu 3 ) 2 -C≡C- moieties. The pyrenyl block functions as an intramolecular π-conjugation channel, facilitating kinetically favorable electron transfer, while the -C≡C-Ni(PBu 3 ) 2 -C≡C- moiety serves as the catalytic site that enhances CO 2 adsorption and activation, thereby suppressing competitive hydrogen evolution. This study provides a new perspective on MGY-based photocatalysts for developing highly active and low-cost catalysts for CO 2 reduction., (© 2024 The Author(s). Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The vertical phase distribution of active layers plays a vital role in balancing exciton dissociation and charge transport for achieving efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs). The layer-by-layer (LbL) PSCs are commonly prepared by using sequential spin-coating method from donor and acceptor solutions with distinct solvents and solvent additives. The enhanced exciton dissociation is expected in the LbL PSCs with efficient charge transport in the relatively neat donor or acceptor layers. In this work, a series of LbL all-polymer solar cells (APSCs) were fabricated with PM6 as donor and PY-DT as acceptor, and triplet material m-Ir(CPmPB) 3 is deliberately incorporated into PY-DT layer to prolong exciton lifetimes of active layers. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of LbL APSCs is improved to 18.24% from 17.32% by incorporating 0.3 wt% m-Ir(CPmPB) 3 in PY-DT layer, benefiting from the simultaneously enhanced short-circuit current density (J SC ) of 25.17 mA cm -2 and fill factor (FF) of 74.70%. The enhancement of PCE is attributed to the efficient energy transfer of m-Ir(CPmPB) 3 to PM6 and PY-DT, resulting in the prolonged exciton lifetime in the active layer and the increased exciton diffusion distance. The efficient energy transfer from m-Ir(CPmPB) 3 to PM6 and PY-DT layer can be confirmed by the increased photoluminescence (PL) intensity and the prolonged PL lifetime of PM6 and PY-DT in PM6 + m-Ir(CPmPB) 3 and PY-DT + m-Ir(CPmPB) 3 films. This study indicates that the triplet material as solid additive has great potential in fabricating efficient LbL APSCs by prolonging exciton lifetimes in active layers., (Copyright © 2024 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Organic polymer photocatalysts have achieved significant progress in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, while developing the integrated organic polymers possessing the functions of photosensitizer, electron transfer mediator, and catalyst simultaneously is urgently needed and presents a great challenge. Considering that chalcogenoviologens are able to act as photosensitizers and electron-transfer mediators, a series of chalcogenoviologen-containing platinum(II)-based supramolecular polymers is designed, which exhibited strong visible light-absorbing ability and suitable bandgap for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution without the use of a cocatalyst. The hydrogen evolution rate (HER) increases steadily with the decrease in an optical gap of the polymer. Among these "all-in-one" polymers, Se-containing 2D porous polymer exhibited the best photocatalytic performance with a HER of 3.09 mmol g -1  h -1 under visible light (>420 nm) irradiation. Experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the distinct intramolecular charge transfer characteristics and heteroatom N in terpyridine unit promote charge separation and transfer within the molecules. This work could provide new insights into the design of metallo-supramolecular polymers with finely tuned components for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)