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Background: Hand eczema is a common inflammatory skin disorder in both adolescence and adulthood. Objectives: We sought to assess the lifetime prevalence of hand eczema and associated exogenous and endogenous risk factors among adolescents in Germany. Methods: This was a cross‐sectional study embedded into a prospective population‐based birth cohort in four regions of Germany, which recruited healthy neonates born between November 1997 and January 1999. We included 1736 participants who had completed the 15‐year follow‐up from birth cohort and 84.6% (1468/1736) had clearly reported whether they have ever had hand eczema. All the data were based on questionnaires and blood tests (immunoglobulin E). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine endogenous and exogenous factors in relation to the lifetime prevalence of hand eczema among adolescents. Results: One thousand four hundred and sixty‐eight adolescents (715 girls, 48.7%) were included in the final analysis. The lifetime prevalence of hand eczema among adolescents at the age of 15 was 10.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.9%–12.1%), with a significantly higher lifetime prevalence among girls than boys (12.7% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.005). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated statistically significant associations between the lifetime prevalence of hand eczema and having ever been diagnosed with atopic dermatitis (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–2.8) or having ever had dry skin (aOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.1), respectively. No statistically significant independent associations were found between asthma, hay fever, allergy‐related clinical symptoms, immunoglobulin E positivity and other exogenous factors in relation to hand eczema. Conclusion: Our study fills a research gap on the epidemiological burden of hand eczema among adolescents. One out of ten ever suffered from hand eczema until age 15 years indicating that hand eczema constitutes a significant burden in paediatric populations. The role of atopic dermatitis in hand eczema reinforces previous findings. Exogenous risk factors warrant further investigation. Linked Commentary: S. Ljubojevic Hadzavdic & D. Stulhofer Buzina J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36: 490–491. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.17979. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Childhood atopic dermatitis can often have a negative impact on quality of life for affected children and their caregivers. The condition contributes to increased healthcare costs and can pose heavy economic burdens on healthcare systems and societies. Objectives: The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive estimate of the economic burden of childhood atopic dermatitis in a Singaporean sample and to investigate associated factors. Methods: This cross‐sectional cost‐of‐illness study applied a societal perspective. Data was collected between December 2016 and December 2017 in Singapore. Caregivers to children below 16 years of age with a physician‐confirmed diagnosis of atopic dermatitis were recruited and sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, health service utilization data and time spent on caregiving were collected from all eligible participants. Results: The average annual cost per child with atopic dermatitis was estimated at U.S. dollars (USD) 7943 (mild USD 6651, moderate USD 7935 and severe USD 14 335) in 2017 prices. The major cost was for informal caregiving (46% of the total cost) followed by out‐of‐pocket expenses (37%). Healthcare utilization contributed to 17% of the total cost of which 43% was for medications. Conclusions: Childhood atopic dermatitis imposes substantial costs with a large proportion arising from informal caregiving and out‐of‐pocket expenses. The costs related to atopic dermatitis are also strongly related to disease severity. This information is important for policy makers and other health planners when considering how to better support affected families. What's already known about the topic? Childhood atopic dermatitis is a costly disease for society. However, comprehensive cost estimations are lacking.Previous cost studies are old, based on small sample sizes or are healthcare‐setting specific. What does this study add? This study comprises a health economic evaluation assessing different levels of care and includes various categories of costs.The result showed that informal caregiving was the most prominent cost for children with atopic dermatitis. Linked Comment: Ismail and Bray. Br J Dermatol 2020; 182:1087–1088. Plain language summary available online [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Fixed drug eruptions ( FDE) are most commonly caused by antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs). The list of causative drugs changes with time and prescribing patterns but there has been no recent data on FDE seen in an outpatient setting in Singapore. Objective We aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical features and causative drugs in patients with FDE in Singapore. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients seen with suspected FDE in the National Skin Centre, Singapore between 2008 and 2012. Using criteria adapted from the WHO- UMC causality assessment criteria, patients were classified into categories of definite (confirmed with patch test or drug provocation test), probable (causative drug identified based on patient's history), possible (clinically consistent but unable to identify causative drug) or unlikely FDE. Results We reviewed the charts of 126 patients who were seen for suspected FDE. Ten patients (7.0%) were classified as having definite FDE, 52 patients (41.3%) probable FDE, 61 patients (48.4%) possible FDE and three patients (2.4%) unlikely FDE. Clinical features were similar to those described in previous studies. Among the 62 patients with definite or probable FDE, etoricoxib was the most common cause (24 patients, 38.7%). Other common causes included paracetamol, other NSAIDs and doxycycline. Antihistamines caused FDE in three patients. Conclusion Etoricoxib was the most frequent cause of FDE in our study. Other NSAIDs, paracetamol and doxycycline remain common causes of FDE but we caution that antihistamines, such as cetirizine, should also be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]