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Abstract Background Treatment and prevention of intracranial hypertension (IH) to minimize secondary brain injury are central to the neurocritical care management of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Predicting the onset of IH in advance allows for a more aggressive prophylactic treatment. This study aimed to develop random forest (RF) models for predicting IH events in TBI patients. Methods We analyzed prospectively collected data from patients admitted to the intensive care unit with invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. Patients with persistent ICP > 22 mmHg in the early postoperative period (first 6 h) were excluded to focus on IH events that had not yet occurred. ICP-related data from the initial 6 h were used to extract linear (ICP, cerebral perfusion pressure, pressure reactivity index, and cerebrospinal fluid compensatory reserve index) and nonlinear features (complexity of ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure). IH was defined as ICP > 22 mmHg for > 5 min, and severe IH (SIH) as ICP > 22 mmHg for > 1 h during the subsequent ICP monitoring period. RF models were then developed using baseline characteristics (age, sex, and initial Glasgow Coma Scale score) along with linear and nonlinear features. Fivefold cross-validation was performed to avoid overfitting. Results The study included 69 patients. Forty-three patients (62.3%) experienced an IH event, of whom 30 (43%) progressed to SIH. The median time to IH events was 9.83 h, and to SIH events, it was 11.22 h. The RF model showed acceptable performance in predicting IH with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76 and excellent performance in predicting SIH (AUC = 0.84). Cross-validation analysis confirmed the stability of the results. Conclusions The presented RF model can forecast subsequent IH events, particularly severe ones, in TBI patients using ICP data from the early postoperative period. It provides researchers and clinicians with a potentially predictive pathway and framework that could help triage patients requiring more intensive neurological treatment at an early stage.

Abstract In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the ripening of fruit is regulated by the selective expression of ripening-related genes, and this procedure is controlled by transcription factors (TFs). In the various plant-specific TF families, the no apical meristem (NAM), Arabidopsis thaliana activating factor 1/2 (ATAF1/2), and cup-shaped cotyledon 2 (CUC2; NAC) TF family stands out and plays a significant function in plant physiological activities, such as fruit ripening (FR). Despite the numerous genes of NAC found in the tomato genome, limited information is available on the effects of NAC members on FR, and there is also a lack of studies on their target genes. In this research, we focus on SlNAP1, which is a NAC TF that positively influences the FR of tomato. By employing CRISPR/Cas9 technology, compared with the wild type (WT), we generated slnap1 mutants and observed a delay in the ethylene production and color change of fruits. We employed the yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assays to confirm that SlNAP1 directly binds to the promoters of two crucial genes involved in gibberellin (GA) degradation, namely SlGA2ox1 and SlGA2ox5, thus activating their expression. Furthermore, through a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BIFC) and luciferase (LUC) assays, we established an interaction between SlNAP1 and SlGID1. Hence, our findings suggest that SlNAP1 regulates FR positively by activating the GA degradation genes directly. Additionally, the interaction between SlNAP1 and SlGID1 may play a role in SlNAP1-induced FR. Overall, our study provides important insights into the molecular mechanisms through which NAC TFs regulate tomato FR via the GA pathway.

Background: With the rapid ageing of the population, injuries are increasingly threatening the health of elderly individuals. A comprehensive evaluation of the injury burden is important for selecting and formulating strategies for injury prevention. Objective: To evaluate the temporal trends of injury burden among elderly Chinese individuals aged 60 years and older. Methods: Based on the results of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, the injury mortality, morbidity, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of elderly individuals from 1990 to 2019 were estimated by age and sex. The autoregressive integrated moving average model was used to predict the injury burden in the next decade. Results: In 2019, there were an estimated 304 373 deaths due to injuries in China, accounting for 3.55 % of all deaths. The main cause of injury-related death was unintentional injuries (67.28 deaths per 100 000), followed by transport injuries (30.44 deaths per 100 000). The standardized DALYs rate due to injuries among elderly individuals was 3488.54 DALYs per 100 000. In the past 30 years, the morbidity of injuries among elderly individuals in China has increased by 52.18 %. In 2030, we estimated that there will be 398 200 deaths of elderly individuals due to injury. Conclusions: Over 21% of injury-related deaths among elderly individuals occurred in China. The injury burden among elderly individuals is high, and efforts are needed to inform injury prevention policies and adopt injury prevention strategies to reduce the injury burden and promote the health and well-being of elderly individuals.

BackgroundThe gut microbiota (GM) is widely acknowledged to have a significant impact on cardiovascular health and may act as a residual risk factor affecting cardiac structure and function. However, the causal relationship between GM and cardiac structure and function remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aims to employ a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal association between GM and cardiac structure and function.MethodsData on 119 GM genera were sourced from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis (13,266 European participants) conducted by the MiBioGen consortium, while data on 16 parameters of cardiac structure and function were obtained from the UK Biobank’s GWAS of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (up to 41,135 European participants). Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median (WM) methods were utilized for causal association assessments, with sensitivity analyses conducted to reinforce the findings. Finally, biological annotation was performed on the GWAS data of GM and cardiac phenotypes with causal associations to explore potential mechanisms.ResultsThe MR analysis, predominantly based on the IVW model, revealed 93 causal associations between the genetically predicted abundance of 44 GM genera and 16 cardiac structure and function parameters. These associations maintained consistent directions in MR-Egger and WM models, with no evidence of pleiotropy detected. Biological annotations suggest that GM may influence cardiac structure and function through pathways involved in myocardial cell development, cardiac contractility, and apoptosis.ConclusionThe MR analysis supports a causal association between certain abundances of genetically predicted GM and cardiac structure and function, suggesting that GM could be a residual risk factor impacting cardiac phenotypes.

Heat tolerance of fungi is critical for field stability and efficacy of fungal insecticides. Components of the medium, such as carbon source, nitrogen source and metal ions, contribute to the thermotolerance of fungi. In this study, several metal ions were detected to establish their effects on the sporulation and thermotolerance of the blastospores of Cordyceps javanica IF-1106 when cultured in liquid medium. The results showed that metal ions play different roles in sporulation and thermotolerance of the fungi. Mn2+ greatly increased the thermotolerance of the blastospores, and Fe2+ increased the thermotolerance slightly. However, both has no or negative effects on sporulation of the fungi. In the case of Cu2+ and Fe3+, sporulation yield and thermotolerance of the blastospores increased significantly. In addition, intracellular trehalose and mannitol involved in thermotolerance of fungi were extracted and then quantified by ion chromatography. We find that the trehalose and mannitol are higher in the presence of Mn2+, implying that Mn2+ could adjust the intracellular trehalose and mannitol level confers the blastospores with higher tolerance to thermal stress. Further, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to screen the optimal composition of metal ions. When the formula was MnSO4·H2O 8 mg/L, CuSO4·5H2O 5 mg/L, FeSO4·7H2O 11 mg/L, FeCl3·6H2O 8 mg/L, maximum sporulation yield and GT50 were obtained. Lastly, the virulence of the blastospores to Acyrthosiphon pisum was validated, a higher virulence is achieved with decreased LT50 (2 d) and LC50 (2.37 × 104 blastospores mL−1). In conclusion, thermotolerant blastospores of C. javanica IF-1106 and higher sporulation yield could be achieved by optimizing the metal ions composition, which helps to determine the formula for larger scale fermentation process.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze developmental trends in anxiety and depression after myocardial infarction (ADMI) research in the past 20 years through bibliometrics analysis and predict future research directions. Methods: ADMI-related publications were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix software packages were used for bibliometric analysis and visualization. Results: Overall, 3220 ADMI-related publications were identified. The United States, China, and the Netherlands were the countries with the most publications. Carney RM, De Jonge P, and Blumenthal JA were the most influential researchers. In 2004, Van Melle JP, from the University of Groningen, published in Psychosomatic Medicine the most cited article. “Cardiac rehabilitation” was the primary focus area. “Cardiac rehabilitation,” “management,” “acute coronary syndrome,” and “outcome” were the top four keywords in emerging research hotspots. Notably, the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on ADMI is an area of potential research value. Conclusion: Numerous studies have underscored the significance of cardiac rehabilitation. Present research focuses on managing anxiety and depression post-acute coronary syndrome and enhancing clinical outcomes through cardiac rehabilitation technology. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine for ADMI is expected to attract increased attention from researchers in the future.

Anode materials have a vital influence on the performance of sodium ion batteries. In this paper, SnSb nanoparticles were distributed uniformly in N-doped three-dimensional porous carbon (SnSb@N-PC), which effectively avoided the agglomeration of alloy nanoparticles and greatly improved the capacity retention rate of SnSb@N-PC. At the same time, the porous carbon substrate brings higher conductivity, larger specific surface area, and more sodium storage sites, which makes the material obtain excellent sodium storage properties. The first discharge-specific capacity of SnSb@N-PC was 846.3 mAh g−1 at the current density of 0.1 A g−1, and the specific capacity remained at 483 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. Meanwhile, the specific capacity of SnSb@N-PC was kept at 323 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at a high current density of 1.5 A g−1, which indicated that the recombination of SnSb with porous carbon played a key role in the electrochemical performance of SnSb. The contribution of capacitance contrast capacity was able to reach more than 90% by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) test at high sweep speed, and larger Na+ diffusivity was obtained by the constant current intermittent titration technique (GITT) test, which explains the good rate performance of SnSb@N-PC.

A motor imagery brain–computer interface connects the human brain and computers via electroencephalography (EEG). However, individual differences in the frequency ranges of brain activity during motor imagery tasks pose a challenge, limiting the manual feature extraction for motor imagery classification. To extract features that match specific subjects, we proposed a novel motor imagery classification model using distinctive feature fusion with adaptive structural LASSO. Specifically, we extracted spatial domain features from overlapping and multi-scale sub-bands of EEG signals and mined discriminative features by fusing the task relevance of features with spatial information into the adaptive LASSO-based feature selection. We evaluated the proposed model on public motor imagery EEG datasets, demonstrating that the model has excellent performance. Meanwhile, ablation studies and feature selection visualization of the proposed model further verified the great potential of EEG analysis.

Abstract Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is associated with cardiovascular health; however, the causal relationship between BMR and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship of BMR on common CVDs including aortic aneurysm (AA), atrial fibrillation and flutter (AFF), calcific aortic valvular stenosis (CAVS), heart failure (HF), and myocardial infarction (MI) by Mendelian randomization (MR). The univariable MR analysis using inverse variance weighted (IVW) model as the primary analysis method revealed that genetically predicted higher BMR causally increased the risk of AA [IVW odds ratio (OR) = 1.34, 95% confidence interval CI 1.09–1.65, p = 0.00527], AFF (IVW OR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.65–2.12, p = 1.697 × E-22), and HF (IVW OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.20–1.51, p = 2.364 × E-07), while causally decreasing the risk of MI (IVW OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.73–0.93, p = 0.00255). In the multivariable MR analysis, which controlled for common cardiovascular risk factors, direct effects of BMR on an increased risk of AA and AFF, as well as a decreased risk of MI, but an attenuated causal effect on HF, were observed. In conclusion, the current MR study provides evidence for a causal relationship between BMR and the risk of AA, AFF, HF, and MI.

Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals are the sum of action potentials emitted by many motor units; they contain the information of muscle contraction patterns and intensity, so they can be used as a simple and reliable source for grasping mode recognition. This paper introduces the InRes-ACNet (inception–attention–ACmix-ResNet50) model, a novel deep-learning approach based on ResNet50, incorporating multi-scale modules and self-attention mechanisms. The proposed model aims to improve gesture recognition performance by enhancing its ability to extract channel feature information within sparse sEMG signals. The InRes-ACNet model is evaluated on the NinaPro DB1 and NinaPro DB5 datasets; the recognition accuracy for these datasets can reach 87.94% and 87.04%, respectively, and recognition accuracy can reach 88.37% in the grasping mode prediction of an electromyography manipulator. The results show that the fusion of multi-scale modules and self-attention mechanisms endows a strong ability for the task of gesture recognition based on sparse sEMG signals.

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative condition. The search for multi-target traditional Chinese medicines or ingredients for treating AD has attracted much attention. Corydalis rhizome (CR) is a traditional Chinese medicine. Its main components are alkaloids, which have therapeutic effects that can potentially be used for treating AD. However, no systematic study has been conducted to explore the anti-AD efficacy of CR, as well as its active compounds and mechanisms of action.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to clarify CR’s active constituents and its pharmacological mechanisms in treating AD.MethodsA D-galactose & scopolamine hydrobromide-induced AD mouse model was used and CR was administered orally. The prototypical alkaloid components were identified in the serum. The core components, key targets, and possible mechanisms of action of these alkaloids were revealed through network pharmacology. Molecular docking of the key target was performed. Finally, the mechanism was validated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of BV2 microglia.ResultsThe results showed that CR improved anxiety-like behavior, spatial and non-spatial recognition, and memory capacity in AD mice. It also achieved synergistic AD treatment by modulating neurotransmitter levels, anti-neuroinflammation, and anti-oxidative stress. The core components that enhance CR’s efficacy in treating AD are protoberberine-type alkaloids. The CR may induce the polarization of LPS-activated BV2 microglia from phenotype M1 to M2. This is partially achieved by modulating the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, which could be the mechanism by which CR treats AD through anti-inflammation.ConclusionThe present study provided a theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical application of CR in treating AD. It also provides information that aids the secondary development, and precise clinical use of CR.

Objectives To investigate factors concerning patients regarding biological/target synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/ts DMARDs) in treating inflammatory arthritis (IA).Design This study consists of a systematic review and a cross-sectional survey in Hong Kong. A systematic review of literature following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Embase between 1 January 2000 and 1 January 2022. Content analysis was conducted to summarise factors grouped by four themes—social aspects (SA), clinical aspects (CA), medicine characteristics (MC) and financial aspects (FA) in the decision-making process. One cross-sectional survey among Hong Kong patients with IA was conducted to add to global evidence.Setting A systematic review of global evidence and a patient-based survey in Hong Kong to complement scarce evidence in Asia regions.Results The systematic review resulted in 34 studies. The four themes were presented in descending order consistently but varied with frequency throughout decision-making processes. During decision-making involving medication initiation, preference and discontinuation, MC (reported frequency: 83%, 86%, 78%), SA (56%, 43%, 78%) and FA (39%, 33%, 56%) were the three most frequently reported factors, whereas CA was less studied. Local survey also revealed that MC factors such as treatment efficacy and the probability of severe adverse events, and SA factors such as the availability of government or charity subsidy, influenced patients’ initiation and preference for b/ts DMARDs. Meanwhile, self-estimated improvement in disease conditions (SA), drug side effects (MC) and drug costs (FA) were associated with treatment discontinuation.Conclusions Global and local evidence consistently indicate that MC and SA are important considerations in patients’ decisions regarding novel DMARDs. Health policies that reduce patients’ financial burden and enhances healthcare professionals’ engagement in decision-making and treatment delivery should be in place with an efficient healthcare system for managing IA optimistically.

Abstract Background Methane (CH4) and brassinosteroids (BRs) are important signaling molecules involved in a variety of biological processes in plants. Results Here, marigold (Tagetes erecta L. ‘Marvel’) was used to investigate the role and relationship between CH4 and BRs during adventitious root (AR) formation. The results showed a dose-dependent effect of CH4 and BRs on rooting, with the greatest biological effects of methane-rich water (MRW, CH4 donor) and 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBL) at 20% and 1 μmol L− 1, respectively. The positive effect of MRW on AR formation was blocked by brassinoazole (Brz, a synthetic inhibitor of EBL), indicating that BRs might be involved in MRW-regulated AR formation. MRW promoted EBL accumulation during rooting by up-regulating the content of campestanol (CN), cathasterone (CT), and castasterone (CS) and the activity of Steroid 5α-reductase (DET2), 22α-hydroxylase (DWF4), and BR-6-oxidase (BR6ox), indicating that CH4 could induce endogenous brassinolide (BR) production during rooting. Further results showed that MRW and EBL significantly down-regulated the content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin during rooting and significantly up-regulated the hydrolase activity, i.e. cmcase, xylanase and laccase. In addition, MRW and EBL also significantly promoted the activity of two major cell wall relaxing factors, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) and peroxidase, which in turn promoted AR formation. While, Brz inhibited the role of MRW on these substances. Conclusions BR might be involved in CH4-promoted AR formation by increasing cell wall relaxation.

The enormous advantages of active transportation lead the transportation research focus towards enhancing the walking and biking trips. The present study explored the influential factors to the walking and biking travel frequency based on data obtained from the National Household Travel Survey California add-on survey. The study features some highlights. First, bivariate models were used to account for the common unobserved heterogeneity shared at both household and personal levels. Second, endogeneity was explicitly considered. Third, both variable importance ranking and correlation analysis are employed to determine the different features to be fed into each of the joint models. The results illustrated that the models developed with endogeneity performed better than the models without endogeneity. Four influential variables which includes mode to work by bicycle, public transit usage, count of household members, and multiple race responses, tend to have statistically significant impacts on walking and biking trips.

The FAR1-RELATED SEQUENCE1 (FAR1) and FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 (FHY3) gene family plays a crucial role in various physiological and developmental processes, including seed germination, photomorphogenesis, flowering and stress responses. However, genome analysis of FAR1/FHY3 in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) has not been systemically investigated. In this study, 20 FAR1/FHY3 genes in cucumber were identified. The 20 FAR1/FHY3 members are randomly distributed on six chromosomes. The examination of subcellular localization indicated that the nucleus is the primary site where the 20 FAR1/FHY3 members are predominantly found. The analysis of the phylogenetic tree further revealed that the FAR1/FHY3 genes in cucumber are grouped into three distinct categories, exhibiting remarkable resemblance to the corresponding genes in other plant species. The analysis of cis-acting elements showed that most FAR1/FHY3 genes contain a variety of hormones as well as stress-related and light response elements. Through scrutinizing the expression patterns in various tissues, it was discerned that these genes are prominently expressed in roots, stems and leaves, with roots exhibiting the highest level of expression. Additionally, the 20 cucumber FAR1/FHY3 genes are all responsive to jasmonic acid methyl ester (Me-JA) and abscisic acid (ABA). CsFAR6 and CsFAR12 are significantly induced by Me-JA and ABA, respectively. CsFAR13 positively responds to NaCl and PEG6000 stresses. CsFAR11, CsFAR15 and CsFAR13 are significantly induced by the dark. The findings presented in this study establish compelling support for the potential involvement of FAR1/FHY3 genes in the growth, development and stress response of cucumbers. Moreover, these results serve as a solid basis for future investigations into the functional analysis of FAR1/FHY3.

Abstract The high quality, yield and purity total RNA samples are essential for molecular experiments. However, harvesting high quality RNA in Lilium davidii var. unicolor is a great challenge due to its polysaccharides, polyphenols and other secondary metabolites. In this study, different RNA extraction methods, namely TRIzol method, the modified TRIzol method, Kit method and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method were employed to obtain total RNA from different tissues in L. davidii var. unicolor. A Nano drop spectrophotometer and 1% agarose gel electrophoresis were used to detect the RNA quality and integrity. Compared with TRIzol, Kit and CTAB methods, the modified TRIzol method obtained higher RNA concentrations from different tissues and the A260/A280 ratios of RNA samples were ranged from 1.97 to 2.27. Thus, the modified TRIzol method was shown to be the most effective RNA extraction protocol in acquiring RNA with high concentrations. Furthermore, the RNA samples isolated by the modified TRIzol and Kit methods were intact, whereas different degrees of degradation happened within RNA samples isolated by the TRIzol and CTAB methods. In addition, the modified TRIzol method could also isolate high-quality RNA from other edible lily bulbs. Taken together, the modified TRIzol method is an efficient method for total RNA isolation from L. davidii var. unicolor.

Background: Qiweiqiangxin І granules (QWQX І) is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation based on the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine, which produces a good curative effect in treating chronic heart failure (CHF). However, its pharmacological effect and potential mechanism for CHF remain unknown.Aim of the study: The purpose of this study is to clarify the efficacy of QWQX І and its possible mechanisms.Materials and methods: A total of 66 patients with CHF were recruited and randomly assigned to the control or QWQX І groups. The primary endpoint was the effect of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after 4 weeks of treatment. The LAD artery of rats was occluded to establish the model of CHF. Echocardiography, HE and Masson staining were performed to evaluate the pharmacological effect of QWQX І against CHF. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) untargeted metabolomics was to screen endogenous metabolites in rat plasma and heart and elucidate the mechanism of QWQX І against CHF. Results: In the clinical study, a total of 63 heart failure patients completed the 4-week follow-up, including 32 in the control group and 31 in QWQX І group. After 4 weeks of treatment, LVEF was significantly improved in QWQX І group compared with the control group. In addition, the patients in QWQX І group had better quality of life than the control group. In animal studies, QWQX І significantly improved cardiac function, decreased B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and inhibited collagen fibril rate. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that 23 and 34 differential metabolites were screened in the plasma and heart of chronic heart failure rats, respectively. 17 and 32 differential metabolites appeared in plasma and heart tissue after QWQX І treatment, which were enriched to taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and linolenic acid metabolism by KEGG analysis. LysoPC (16:1 (9Z)) is a common differential metabolite in plasma and heart, which is produced by lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), hydrolyzes oxidized linoleic acid to produce pro-inflammatory substances. QWQX І regulates the level of LysoPC (16:1 (9Z)) and Lp-PLA2 to normal.Conclusion: QWQX І combined with western medicine can improve the cardiac function of patients with CHF. QWQX І can effectively improve the cardiac function of LAD-induced CHF rats through regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism and linolenic acid metabolism-mediated inflammatory response. Thus, QWQX I might provide a potential strategy for CHF therapy.

Objective: Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is an integral part of the multimodality monitoring system in the neural intensive care unit. The present study aimed to describe the morphology of the spindle wave (a shuttle shape with wide middle and narrow ends) during ICP signal monitoring in TBI patients and to investigate its clinical significance.Methods: Sixty patients who received ICP sensor placement and admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit between January 2021 and September 2021 were prospectively enrolled. The patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score on admission and at discharge and length of stay in hospital were recorded. ICP monitoring data were monitored continuously. The primary endpoint was 6-month Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) score. Patients with ICP spindle waves were assigned to the spindle wave group and those without were assigned to the control group. The correlation between the spindle wave and 6-month GOSE was analyzed. Meanwhile, the mean ICP and two ICP waveform-derived indices, ICP pulse amplitude (AMP) and correlation coefficient between AMP and ICP (RAP) were comparatively analyzed.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between groups in terms of age (p = 0.89), gender composition (p = 0.62), and GCS score on admission (p = 0.73). Patients with spindle waves tended to have a higher GCS score at discharge (12.75 vs. 10.90, p = 0.01), a higher increment in GCS score during hospitalization (ΔGCS, the difference between discharge GCS score and admission GCS score) (4.95 vs. 2.80, p = 0.01), and a better 6-month GOSE score (4.90 vs. 3.68, p = 0.04) compared with the control group. And the total duration of the spindle wave was positively correlated with 6-month GOSE (r = 0.62, p = 0.004). Furthermore, the parameters evaluated during spindle waves, including mean ICP, AMP, and RAP, demonstrated significant decreases compared with the parameters before the occurrence of the spindle wave (all p < 0.025).Conclusion: The ICP spindle wave was associated with a better prognosis in TBI patients. Physiological parameters such as ICP, AMP, and RAP were significantly improved when spindle waves occurred, which may explain the enhancement of clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms behind this wave.

Pricing optimization is key to the airlines’ profitability. Oftentimes, the premium cabin demand falls short of the seat capacity, making economy cabin seat upgrading a common practice. The common procedure in the airline industry solves the revenue management optimization for premium cabin first and then to determine the number of seats left for lower cabin upgrading, which together with the lower cabin seat capacity, allows to solve the lower (economy) cabin optimization. In comparison, this paper develops models to combine all the cabin capacities, including economy and premium (business/first), and solve the optimization simultaneously. The models consider cases with deterministic and random demand, respectively. Numerical tests use actual production data and indicate that the proposed models outperform the current ones in practice.

PurposeTexture analysis based on clinical images had been widely used in neurological diseases. This study aimed to achieve depth information of computed tomography (CT) images by texture analysis and to establish a model for noninvasive evaluation of intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH).MethodsForty-seven patients with HICH were selected. Related CT images and ICP value were collected. The morphological features of hematoma volume, midline shift, and ventriculocranial ratio were measured. Forty textural features were extracted from regions of interest. Four models were established to predict intracranial hypertension with morphological features, textural features of anterior horn, textural features of temporal lobe, and textural features of posterior horn.ResultsModel of posterior horn had the highest ability to predict intracranial hypertension (AUC = 0.90, F1 score = 0.72), followed by model of anterior horn (AUC = 0.70, F1 score = 0.53) and model of temporal lobe (AUC = 0.70, F1 score = 0.58), and model of morphological features displayed the worst performance (AUC = 0.42, F1 score = 0.38).ConclusionTexture analysis can realize interpretation of CT images in depth, which has great potential in noninvasive evaluation of intracranial hypertension.

Hydrogen gas (H2) is an important molecular messenger in animal and plant cells and is involved in various aspects of plant processes, including root organogenesis induction, stress tolerance and postharvest senescence. This study investigated the effect of H2 fumigation on the quality of Lanzhou lily scales. The results indicated the H2 remarkably declined the color variation and browning degree in Lanzhou lily scales by suppressing the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Moreover, H2 significantly alleviated the degradation of soluble proteins and soluble sugars in Lanzhou lily scales during postharvest storage, mitigating the decline in nutritional quality. This alleviating effect of H2 might be achieved by increasing the endogenous H2 concentration. Collectively, our data provide new insights into the postharvest quality reduction of Lanzhou lily scales mitigated by H2 fumigation.

Salt stress is an adverse impact on the growth and development of plants, leading to yield losses in crops. It has been suggested that nitric oxide (NO) and calcium ion (Ca2+) act as critical signals in regulating plant growth. However, their crosstalk remains unclear under stress condition. In this study, we demonstrate that NO and Ca2+ play positive roles in the growth of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) seedlings under salt stress. Our data show that Ca2+ channel inhibitor lanthanum chloride (LaCl3), Ca2+ chelator ethylene glycol-bis (2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), or calmodulin (CaM) antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfona-mide hydrochloride (W-7) significantly reversed the effect of NO-promoted the growth of tomato seedlings under salt stress. We further show that NO and Ca2+ significantly decreased reactive oxygen accumulation, increased proline content, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, as well as increased expression of antioxidant enzymes related genes. However, LaCl3, EGTA, and W-7 prevented the positive roles of NO. In addition, the activity of downstream target enzymes related to Ca2+/CaM was increased by NO under salt stress, while LaCl3, EGTA, and W-7 reversed this enhancement. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Ca2+/CaM might be involved in NO-alleviate salt stress.

Abstract Background To explore the associations of computed tomography (CT) image features with the serum cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) titers measured by the lateral flow assay (LFA) in localized pulmonary cryptococcosis patients. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients with pathologically confirmed pulmonary cryptococcosis admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2016 to December 2022 was performed. Clinical data, CT results, serum CrAg-LFA test results, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 107 patients with localized pulmonary cryptococcosis were included, of which 31 had a single lesion in chest CT and the other 76 had multiple lesions. The positivity rate was (94.74% vs 64.52%) and titers of serum CrAg-LFA (1.77 ± 0.87 vs 0.91 ± 0.98) in the multiple lesion group were higher than those in the single lesion group, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the serum CrAg titers were positively associated with the number of lesions (β, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.12) and the lesion size (β, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.50) after adjusting other covariates. The serum CrAg-LFA titers of 60 pulmonary cryptococcosis patients showed a decreasing trend with the reduction in pulmonary lesion size after effective therapy. Conclusion In pulmonary cryptococcosis patients, the number and size of lung lesions are positively correlated with the titers of the serum CrAg-LFA test. The CrAg-LFA test could be a useful tool for the diagnosis, severity assessment, and therapeutic monitoring of localized pulmonary cryptococcosis patients.

The phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities during walnut maturation are not well understood. This study used UPLC-MS/MS to evaluate phenolic content in walnuts, including free, esterified, and bound forms, at different maturation stages. Findings showed that free phenolics were predominant, comprising 44.57 % in kernels and 56.54 % in pellicles. In vitro assays showed antioxidant capacity decreased with maturation, with IC50 values of 0.87–84.43 μg/mL in pellicles and 48.51–712.30 μg/mL in kernels. Most monomeric phenols decreased in concentration as the fruit ripened. OPLS-DA identified 5 and 8 maturity-sensitive phenolics (MSPs) in kernels and pellicles, respectively, with fold changes from 2.32 to 1664.72. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between MSPs and antioxidant activity (r > 0.75, p