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Biodegradable two-dimensional nanomaterials could be a significant breakthrough in the field of oncology nanotheranostic agents, which are rapidly emerging as promising candidates for tumor theranostic applications. Herein, a novel biodegradable ferrous sulfide nanosheet (FeS NS) is developed. Compared to the traditional photothermal material, black phosphorus nanosheet (BP NS), FeS demonstrates superior degradability and enhanced photothermal performance, and making it ideal for efficient photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors. In the acidic tumor microenvironment, FeS degrades and releases H2S, which inhibits mitochondrial respiration and ATP production. This process leads to a reduction in heat shock protein expression, lowering the resistance of tumor cells to photothermal stimulation, and improving the efficacy of PTT. The released Fe2+ exhibits efficient peroxidase activity, triggering ferroptosis in tumor cells. Furthermore, due to its superparamagnetic nature, FeS NSs could accumulate at the tumor site and provide a strong magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal for imaging-guided tumor therapy. Overall, as a promising alternative to BP, the FeS NSs are a potentially innovative nanotheranostic agent of tumors, offering a synergistic approach to ferroptosis−PTT with MRI guidance.

Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) is a major risk which increases pulmonary diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PM is a complex mixture with physiochemical properties that can vary over time and space, presenting a challenge when attempting to analyze their health risks. In this study, we compared two kinds of commercial PM with real PM to explore an index which takes account of both the diverse physicochemical properties of PM and accurate prediction of their toxicities. Our results indicated that the oxidative potential (OP) of PM significantly affects their cytotoxicity. In comparison to two kinds of commercial PM such as carbon black and SRM-1648a, real ambient PM2.5 induced more significant oxidative stress and ferroptosis, which was closely associated with its higher OP. Notably, the use of radical scavengers like vitamin C and coumarin decreased the OP of PM2.5 effectively, thereby leading to a decrease in its cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, the reduction of OP reversed redox imbalance and alleviated lung damage in vivo. This study provides additional insights into the structure-activity relationship for PM’s toxicity. It also sheds light on further investigations on the detoxication of PM.

Precise recognition of operator actions is crucial in industrial automation for enhancing production efficiency and ensuring safety standards. This study introduces a novel self-supervised pre-training framework using visual transformers to address the challenge of industrial event recognition. The framework incorporates an innovative Tube Masking strategy and leverages a comprehensive industrial dataset to effectively capture spatiotemporal features. Evaluation on our custom-built industrial dataset revealed a top-1 accuracy of 95%, demonstrating the model’s practical applicability in real-world industrial environments. To further assess the model’s generalization capabilities, it was tested on several public datasets, achieving top-1 accuracies of 92.8% on UCF101, 87.1% on HMDB51, and 90.2% on Kinetics400. These results highlight the robustness and versatility of our approach, paving the way for its application in diverse industrial scenarios and further research.

Abstract Background Chronic mTORC1 activation in skeletal muscle is linked with age‐associated loss of muscle mass and strength, known as sarcopenia. Genetic activation of mTORC1 by conditionally ablating mTORC1 upstream inhibitor TSC1 in skeletal muscle accelerates sarcopenia development in adult mice. Conversely, genetic suppression of mTORC1 downstream effectors of protein synthesis delays sarcopenia in natural aging mice. mTORC1 promotes protein synthesis by activating ribosomal protein S6 kinases (S6Ks) and inhibiting eIF4E‐binding proteins (4EBPs). Whole‐body knockout of S6K1 or muscle‐specific over‐expression of a 4EBP1 mutant transgene (4EBP1mt), which is resistant to mTORC1‐mediated inhibition, ameliorates muscle loss with age and preserves muscle function by enhancing mitochondria activities, despite both transgenic mice showing retarded muscle growth at a young age. Why repression of mTORC1‐mediated protein synthesis can mitigate progressive muscle atrophy and dysfunction with age remains unclear. Methods Mice with myofiber‐specific knockout of TSC1 (TSC1mKO), in which mTORC1 is hyperactivated in fully differentiated myofibers, were used as a mouse model of sarcopenia. To elucidate the role of mTORC1‐mediated protein synthesis in regulating muscle mass and physiology, we bred the 4EBP1mt transgene or S6k1 floxed mice into the TSC1mKO mouse background to generate 4EBP1mt‐TSC1mKO or S6K1‐TSC1mKO mice, respectively. Functional and molecular analyses were performed to assess their role in sarcopenia development. Results Here, we show that 4EBP1mt‐TSC1mKO, but not S6K1‐TSC1mKO, preserved muscle mass (36.7% increase compared with TSC1mKO, P

Abstract This paper presents some sharp Pareto Z-eigenvalue inclusion intervals and discusses the relationships among different Pareto Z-eigenvalue inclusion intervals for tensor eigenvalue complementarity problems. As an application, we propose a sufficient condition for identifying the strict copositivity of tensors. Some examples are provided to illustrate the obtained results.

In recent years, compressive sensing (CS) problem is being popularly applied in the fields of signal processing and statistical inference. The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is applicable to the equivalent forms of basis pursuit denoising (BPDN) in CS problem. However, the solving speed and accuracy are adversely affected when the dimension increases greatly. In this paper, a new iterative format of proximal ADMM, which has fast solving speed and pinpoint accuracy when the dimension increases, is proposed to solve BPDN problem. Global convergence of the new type proximal ADMM is established in detail, and we exhibit a R− linear convergence rate under suitable condition. Moreover, we apply this new algorithm to solve different types of BPDN problems. Compared with the state-of-the-art of algorithms in BPDN problem, the proposed algorithm is more accurate and efficient.

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare genetic neurodegenerative disorder with brain iron accumulation characterized as dysarthria, spasticity, cognitive impairment, parkinsonism, and retinopathy. PKAN is caused by biallelic mutations in the mitochondrial pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2) gene. Herein, we report a 4-year-old patient with PKAN from a Han Chinese family, who presented with developmental regression, progressive inability to walk, and limb tremors. Neuroimaging demonstrated “eye-of-the-tiger” sign. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified compound heterozygous mutations of c.1213T>G (p.Tyr405Asp) and c.1502T>A (p.Ile501Asn) in PANK2 gene. In addition, a review of all known PANK2 variants observed in reported PKAN patients was conducted, to improve understanding of the genotype-phenotype associations that occur in PKAN patients.

Tumour necrosis is associated with tumour aggressiveness and poor outcomes in patients with glioblastomas, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, the authors show that in a xenograft mouse model of glioblastoma, tumour-infiltrating neutrophils amplify necrosis by promoting myeloperoxidase-induced tumour cell ferroptosis.

Abstract The Hippo pathway effector TAZ promotes cellular growth, survival, and stemness through regulating gene transcription. Recent studies suggest that TAZ liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) compartmentalizes key cofactors to activate transcription. However, how TAZ LLPS is achieved remains unknown. Here, it is shown that the paraspeckle protein NONO is required for TAZ LLPS and activation in the nucleus. NONO is a TAZ‐binding protein. Their interaction shows temporal regulation parallel to the interaction between TAZ and TEAD as well as to the expression of TAZ target genes. NONO depletion reduces nuclear TAZ LLPS, while ectopic NONO expression promotes the LLPS. Accordingly, NONO depletion reduces TAZ interactions with TEAD, Rpb1, and enhancers. In glioblastoma, expressions of NONO and TAZ are both upregulated and predict poor prognosis. Silencing NONO expression in an orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model inhibits TAZ‐driven tumorigenesis. Together, this study suggests that NONO is a nuclear factor that promotes TAZ LLPS and TAZ‐driven oncogenic transcriptional program.

Background: Infantile hypotonia with psychomotor retardation and characteristic facies 2 (IHPRF2) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the UNC80 gene. It is characterized by severe global developmental delay, poor or absent speech and absent or limited walking abilities. The current study explored a case of a Chinese patient with IHPRF2 caused by a novel splicing variant of UNC80.Case Report: The proband is a 8-year-old Chinese male manifested with global developmental delay, severe truncal hypotonia, absent speech and intellectual disability. SNP array analysis revealed a uniparental isodisomy of the entire chromosome 2 [UPD(2)] in the proband. Whole exome sequencing (WES) subsequently identified a novel mutation c.5609-4G>A in the UNC80 gene, which was inherited from his mother and was confirmed by Sanger sequencing, indicating that UPD(2) was of maternal origin.Conclusion: A novel UNC80 homozygous splicing variant c.5609-4G>A associated with maternal UPD(2) was identified. These findings indicate that UPD poses a high risk of autosomal recessive diseases, and provides information on the variant spectrum for UNC80. Our findings elucidate on understanding of the genotype-phenotype associations that occur in IHPRF2 patients.

The molecular mechanisms driving proliferation in the pediatric brain cancer epdendymoma are poorly understood. Here the authors show that a YAP1- MAMLD1 fusion drives tumor formation in mice and show that the fusion protein can collaborate with the TEAD and NFI transcription factors.

Abstract In this paper two modified least-squares iterative algorithms are presented for solving the Lyapunov matrix equations. The first algorithm is based on the hierarchical identification principle, which can be viewed as a surrogate of the least-squares iterative algorithm proposed by Ding et al., whose convergence has not been proved until now. The second one is motivated by a new form of fixed point iterative scheme. With the tool of a new matrix norm, the proof of both algorithms’ global convergence is offered. Furthermore, the feasible sets of their convergence factors are analyzed. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the rationality of theoretical results.

The Hippo pathway is a conserved signaling network regulating organ development and tissue homeostasis. Dysfunction of this pathway may lead to various diseases, such as regeneration defect and cancer. Studies over the past decade have found various extracellular and intracellular signals that can regulate this pathway. Among them, calcium (Ca2+) is emerging as a potential messenger that can transduce certain signals, such as the mechanical cue, to the main signaling machinery. In this process, rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, such as calcium-activated actin reset (CaAR), may construct actin filaments at the cell cortex or other subcellular domains that provide a scaffold to launch Hippo pathway activators. This article will review studies demonstrating Ca2+-mediated Hippo pathway modulation and discuss its implication in understanding the role of actin cytoskeleton in regulating the Hippo pathway.

Abstract Inspired by symmetric Cauchy tensors, we define fourth-order partially symmetric Cauchy tensors with their generating vectors. In this article, we focus on the necessary and sufficient conditions for the M-positive semi-definiteness and M-positive definiteness of fourth-order Cauchy tensors. Moreover, the necessary and sufficient conditions of the strong ellipticity conditions for fourth-order Cauchy tensors are obtained. Furthermore, fourth-order Cauchy tensors are M-positive semi-definite if and only if the homogeneous polynomial for fourth-order Cauchy tensors is monotonically increasing. Several M-eigenvalue inclusion theorems and spectral properties of fourth-order Cauchy tensors are discussed. A power method is proposed to compute the smallest and the largest M-eigenvalues of fourth-order Cauchy tensors. The given numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Abstract The Jacobian decomposition and the Gauss–Seidel decomposition of augmented Lagrangian method (ALM) are two popular methods for separable convex programming. However, their convergence is not guaranteed for three-block separable convex programming. In this paper, we present a modified hybrid decomposition of ALM (MHD-ALM) for three-block separable convex programming, which first updates all variables by a hybrid decomposition of ALM, and then corrects the output by a correction step with constant step size α∈(0,2−2) $\alpha \in(0,2-\sqrt{2})$ which is much less restricted than the step sizes in similar methods. Furthermore, we show that 2−2 $2-\sqrt{2}$ is the optimal upper bound of the constant step size α. The rationality of MHD-ALM is testified by theoretical analysis, including global convergence, ergodic convergence rate, nonergodic convergence rate, and refined ergodic convergence rate. MHD-ALM is applied to solve video background extraction problem, and numerical results indicate that it is numerically reliable and requires less computation.

Abstract For the extended linear complementarity problem (ELCP), by virtue of a new residual function, we establish a new type of global error bound under weaker conditions. Based on this, we respectively obtain new global error bounds for the vertical linear complementarity problem and the mixed linear complementarity problem. The obtained results presented in this paper supplement some recent corresponding results in the sense that they can provide some error bounds for a more general ELCP. Their feasibility is verified by some numerical experiments.

Abstract For the quasi-equilibrium problem where the players’ costs and their strategies both depend on the rival’s decisions, an alternative extragradient projection method for solving it is designed. Different from the classical extragradient projection method whose generated sequence has the contraction property with respect to the solution set, the newly designed method possesses an expansion property with respect to a given initial point. The global convergence of the method is established under the assumptions of pseudomonotonicity of the equilibrium function and of continuity of the underlying multi-valued mapping. Furthermore, we show that the generated sequence converges to the nearest point in the solution set to the initial point. Numerical experiments show the efficiency of the method.

As a special kind of recurrent neural networks, Zhang neural network (ZNN) has been successfully applied to various time-variant problems solving. In this paper, we present three Zhang et al. discretization (ZeaD) formulas, including a special two-step ZeaD formula, a general two-step ZeaD formula, and a general five-step ZeaD formula, and prove that the special and general two-step ZeaD formulas are convergent while the general five-step ZeaD formula is not zero-stable and thus is divergent. Then, to solve the time-varying nonlinear optimization (TVNO) in real time, based on the Taylor series expansion and the above two convergent two-step ZeaD formulas, we discrete the continuous-time ZNN (CTZNN) model of TVNO and thus get a special two-step discrete-time ZNN (DTZNN) model and a general two-step DTZNN model. Theoretical analyses indicate that the sequence generated by the first DTZNN model is divergent, while the sequence generated by the second DTZNN model is convergent. Furthermore, for the step-size of the second DTZNN model, its tight upper bound and the optimal step-size are also discussed. Finally, some numerical results and comparisons are provided and analyzed to substantiate the efficacy of the proposed DTZNN models.

We consider the global error bound for the generalized nonlinear complementarity problem over a polyhedral cone (GNCP). By a new technique, we establish an easier computed global error bound for the GNCP under weaker conditions, which improves the result obtained by Sun and Wang (2013) for GNCP.

We revisit the global error bound for the generalized nonlinear complementarity problem over a polyhedral cone (GNCP). By establishing a new equivalent formulation of the GNCP, we establish a sharper global error bound for the GNCP under weaker conditions, which improves the existing error bound estimation for the problem.

The global error bound estimation for the generalized nonlinear complementarity problem over a closed convex cone (GNCP) is considered. To obtain a global error bound for the GNCP, we first develop an equivalent reformulation of the problem. Based on this, a global error bound for the GNCP is established. The results obtained in this paper can be taken as an extension of previously known results.

For the extended mixed linear complementarity problem (EML CP), we first present the characterization of the solution set for the EMLCP. Based on this, its global error bound is also established under milder conditions. The results obtained in this paper can be taken as an extension for the classical linear complementarity problems.

The goal of this study was to compare the advantages of conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS) and the split-leg supine position single-port plus one laparoscopic surgery (SSP SILS + 1) in esophageal surgery. This study enrolled 73 patients who previously underwent radical esophagectomy for esophageal cancer from August 2021 to February 2023. Among them, 36 patients underwent SSP SILS + 1, whereas the remaining 37 patients underwentCLS. Surgical time, bleeding volume, number of dissected lymph nodes, incision length, and postoperative abdominal pain score between the two groups of patients were compared using either the Student's t-test or chi-square test. Time of abdominal incision (1.4 ± 0.2 min vs. 5.2 ± 0.7 min, p < 0.001) was shorter in patients in the SSP SILS + 1 group compared with those in the CLS group. However, the average incision length was shorter in the SSP SILS + 1 group compared with that in the CLS group (35.4 ± 4.0 cm vs. 4.6 ± 4.1 cm, p < 0.001). Notably, the pain score on postoperative day (POD) 1 was lower in the SSP SILS + 1 group compared with that in the CLS group (5.7 ± 0.7 vs.6.3 ± 0.7, p = 0.001). The SCAR score was also lower in the SSP SILS + 1 group compared with that in the CLS group (3.5 ± 0.9 vs. 8.3 ± 1.4, p = 0.019). There was no significant difference in the number of dissected abdominal lymph nodes and positive lymph nodes (p > 0.01) between the two groups. The SSP SILS + 1 intervention offers multiple benefits over conventional surgical procedures, encompassing shorter incision length and pain scores on POD 1. In accelerated rehabilitation surgery for esophageal cancer, this surgical procedure demonstrated high safety, feasibility., (© 2024. The Author(s).)