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Infectious diseases are among the most common cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients while systemic inflammatory response syndrome is primarily attributed to the imbalance between pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Despite the improvements in the antibiotherapy alternatives and diagnostic modalities, the morbidity and mortality rates of sepsis and septic shock are relatively high among patients admitted to the intensive care units. Extracorporeal cytokine hemadsorption therapies are therapeutic approaches for such patient group with promising early results that especially have grown during COVID‐19 pandemic. In this narrative review, our aim is to evaluate the current pre‐clinical and clinical knowledge regarding the use of cytokine filtration systems among patients with septic shock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) are a novel therapeutic approach to cancer treatment that have changed the landscape of cancer therapy but also have some considerable drawbacks. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of these potential complications that may have effects on patient outcomes. In this review, we assessed the effect of AKI on mortality outcomes in cancer patients receiving this immunotherapy. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective, retrospective, randomized and non-randomized studies, which examined the effects of AKI in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. We searched through PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases. Results Seven studies were included in the final analysis, with a total number of patients of 761. Overall, the risk of death was higher in patients that developed AKI during ICPI treatment [hazard ratio (HR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.92, P  = 0.02; heterogeneity χ2 = 11.68, I2 = 66%, P  = 0.02] compared with patients that did not develop AKI. In addition, there was a trend to a better survival in those with less severe AKI patients compared with those with more severe AKI (HR 1.35, 95% CI 0.99–1.83, P  = 0.05). Lastly, it was seen that patients with persistent kidney dysfunction (non-recovery) had an increased risk for all-cause mortality (HR 2.93, 95% CI 1.41–6.08, P  = 0.004; heterogeneity χ2 = 0.53, I2 = 0%, P  = 0.47). Conclusions Development of AKI in patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors is associated with increased risk of mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This meta-analysis aims to review the effect of serial transabdominal amnioinfusion (TAI) on short-term and long-term perinatal outcomes in mid-trimester preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Literature searches of PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were performed from their inception to April 2022. Studies comparing conventional treatment with serial TAI in women with proven PPROM at less than 26 + 0 weeks of gestation with oligohydramnios were included. Studies that included oligohydramnios due to other reasons such as fetal growth retardation or renal anomalies were excluded. Risk of bias in observational studies was assessed using the tool of the Cochrane Review group identified as risk of bias in non-randomized studies – of interventions. The risk of bias assessments for RCTs were performed according to the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. An I2 score was used to assess the heterogeneity of included studies. The analyses were performed by using random-effect model, and the results were expressed as relative risk (RR) or mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, eight relevant studies including five observational studies (n = 252; 130 women allocated to the intervention) and three RCTs (n = 183; 93 women allocated to the intervention) were eligible. The pooled latency period was 21.9 days (95% CI, 13.1–30.8) and 5.8 days (95% CI, −11.6–23.2) longer in the TAI group in the observational studies and RCTs, respectively. The perinatal mortality rate reduced in the intervention group when tested in observational studies (RR 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51–0.92), but not in RCTs (RR 0.79; 95% CI, 0.56–1.13). The rate of long-term healthy survival was higher in the children whose mothers were treated with the TAI (35.7%) than those were treated with the standard management (28.6%) (RR 1.30, 95% CI 0.47–3.60, "best case scenario"). The efficacy of serial TA on early PPROM associated morbidity and mortality is not attested. Additional randomized control trials with adequate power are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]