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Abstract Chromatin remodeler ARID1A regulates gene transcription by modulating nucleosome positioning and chromatin accessibility. While ARID1A-mediated stage and lineage-restricted gene regulation during cell fate canalization remains unresolved. Using osteoclastogenesis as a model, we show that ARID1A transcriptionally safeguards the osteoclast (OC) fate canalization during proliferation-differentiation switching at single-cell resolution. Notably, ARID1A is indispensable for the transcriptional apparatus condensates formation with coactivator BRD4/lineage-specifying transcription factor (TF) PU.1 at Nfatc1 super-enhancer during safeguarding the OC fate canalization. Besides, the antagonist function between ARID1A-cBAF and BRD9-ncBAF complex during osteoclastogenesis has been validated with in vitro assay and compound mutant mouse model. Furthermore, the antagonistic function of ARID1A-“accelerator” and BRD9-“brake” both depend on coactivator BRD4-“clutch” during osteoclastogenesis. Overall, these results uncover sophisticated cooperation between chromatin remodeler ARID1A, coactivator, and lineage-specifying TF at super-enhancer of lineage master TF in a condensate manner, and antagonist between distinct BAF complexes in the proper and balanced cell fate canalization.

Since the development of dairy farming, bovine mastitis has been a problem plaguing the whole industry, which has led to a decrease in milk production, a reduction in dairy product quality, and an increase in costs. The use of antibiotics to treat mastitis can cause a series of problems, which can bring a series of harm to the animal itself, such as the development of bacterial resistance and dramatic changes in the gut flora. However, the in vivo and in vitro antibacterial activity of yak Interleukin-22 (IL-22) and its application in mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus have not been reported. In this study, the mammary gland-specific expression plasmid pLF-IL22 of the yak IL-22 gene was constructed and expressed in MAC-T cells and mammary tissue of postpartum female mice. The coding region of the IL-22 gene in yaks is 573 bp, which can encode 190 amino acids, and the homology difference in the IL-22 gene in yaks is less than 30%, which indicates certain conservation. IL-22 is a hydrophilic protein with a total positive charge of four, the presence of a signal peptide, and the absence of a transmembrane domain. Sufficient expression of IL-22 effectively inhibited the high expression of inflammatory factors caused by Staphylococcus aureus, reduced the symptoms of mammary gland histopathology, and alleviated mastitis. Under the action of IL-22, the intestinal flora of mastitis mice also changed, the abundance of intestinal Bacilli, Prevotellaceae, and Alloprevotella in mice increased after treatment, and the pathogenic bacteria decreased. These findings provide new insights into the potential application of the yak IL-22 gene in the treatment of bovine mastitis in the future.

The experiment was to compare the effects of switching all-concentrate to all-roughage diets on rumen microflora and functional metabolism of yak, cattle-yak, Tibetan yellow cattle and yellow cattle living in different altitudes. A total of 24 yaks, cattle-yaks, Tibetan yellow cattle and yellow cattle with a similar weight and good body condition aged 3.5 years were selected and divided into four groups according to species. They were fed a concentrate diet with 40% soybean meal and 60% corn meal for the first month (C group) and a roughage diet with dry corn stalks (100%) for the second month (R group); the formal experimental period was 60 d. These results showed that the conversion had a significant effect on the rumen microflora structure of the four herds, and the biggest difference between concentrate and roughage diets was yak and cattle-yak, followed by Tibetan yellow cattle and yellow cattle. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes still predominate in all groups. Compared with the C groups, the relative abundance of Lentisphaerae and Kiritimatiellaeota increased in all R groups, and Lentisphaerae was significantly increased in yak and cattle-yak (p < 0.05). At the genus and species levels, Prevotella had the highest abundance, and the relative abundances of Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Sarcina and Ruminobacter in R groups were lower, while the abundances of other differential genera, including Methanobrevibacter, Fibrobacter, Treponema, Eubacterium, Butyrivibrio, Succinivibrio and Succinimonas, were all higher. Roughage diets increased the number of unique genes and functional genes encoding different CAZymes in rumen microorganisms in all four herds. In the functional contribution analysis, with the exception of ABC transporters and methane metabolism, Prevotella was the main contributor to almost all of these functions. In methane metabolism, Methanobrevibacter had the highest relative abundance, followed by Prevotella, Clostridia and Bacteroidales in all groups. Compared with Tibetan yellow cattle and yellow cattle, yaks and cattle-yaks have better adaptability to roughage, and its utilization rate can be fully improved to reduce methane emission. The study indicates that when four herds are converted to high roughage at the later stage of feeding, the growth and reproduction of rumen microorganisms are affected, and the abundance and diversity of rumen microorganisms are increased to varying degrees. The transformation of concentrate to roughage diet can change the metabolic pathways of rumen microorganisms in yaks and finally affect the fermentation mode of rumen. The above results provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of fattening feeds for yaks, cattle-yaks, Tibetan yellow cattle and yellow cattle and the intensive feeding of livestock on the plateau.

Lithium-ion batteries are widely utilized in numerous applications, making it essential to precisely predict their degradation trajectory and remaining useful life (RUL). To improve the stability and applicability of RUL prediction for lithium-ion batteries, this paper uses a new method to predict RUL by combining CNN-LSTM-Attention with transfer learning. The presented model merges the strengths of both convolutional and sequential architectures, and it enhances the model’s capability to grasp comprehensive information by utilizing the attention mechanism, thereby boosting overall performance. The CEEMDAN algorithm is used for NASA batteries with obvious capacity regeneration phenomena to alleviate the difficulties caused by capacity regeneration on model prediction. During the model transfer phase, the CNN and LSTM layers of the pre-trained model from the source domain are kept unchanged during retraining, while the attention and fully connected layers are fine-tuned for NASA batteries and self-tested NCM batteries. The final results indicate that this method achieves superior accuracy relative to other methods while addressing the issue of limited labeled data in the target domain through transfer learning, thereby enhancing the model’s transferability and generalization capabilities.

Osteoclast differentiation is critical for bone homeostasis. The authors show the negative feedback regulation of BRD9-mediated chromatin remodeling on osteoclastogenesis via interferon beta signaling and its therapeutic potential for bone diseases.

Yaks are the main pillar of plateau animal husbandry and the material basis of local herdsmen’s survival. The level of mineral elements in the body is closely related to the production performance of yaks. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of rumen epithelial morphology, transcriptomics and metagenomics to explore the dynamics of rumen functions, microbial colonization and functional interactions in yaks from birth to adulthood. Bacteria, eukaryotes, archaea and viruses colonized the rumen of yaks from birth to adulthood, with bacteria being the majority. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in five developmental stages, and the abundance of genus Lactobacillus and Fusobacterium significantly decreased with age. Glycoside hydrolase (GH) genes were the most highly represented in five different developmental stages, followed by glycosyltransferases (GTs) and carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), where the proportion of genes coding for CBMs increased with age. Integrating host transcriptome and microbial metagenome revealed 30 gene modules related to age, muscle layer thickness, nipple length and width of yaks. Among these, the MEmagenta and MEturquoise were positively correlated with these phenotypic traits. Twenty-two host genes involved in transcriptional regulation related to metal ion binding (including potassium, sodium, calcium, zinc, iron) were positively correlated with a rumen bacterial cluster 1 composed of Alloprevotella, Paludibacter, Arcobacter, Lactobacillus, Bilophila, etc. Therefore, these studies help us to understand the interaction between rumen host and microorganisms in yaks at different ages, and further provide a reliable theoretical basis for the development of feed and mineral element supplementation for yaks at different ages.

The development of the four stomachs of yak is closely related to its health and performance, however the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we systematically analyzed mRNAs of four stomachs in five growth time points [0 day, 20 days, 60 days, 15 months and 3 years (adult)] of yaks. Overall, the expression patterns of DEmRNAs were unique at 0 d, similar at 20 d and 60 d, and similar at 15 m and adult in four stomachs. The expression pattern in abomasum was markedly different from that in rumen, reticulum and omasum. Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis demonstrated that multi-model spectra are drastically enriched over time in four stomachs. All the identified mRNAs in rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum were classified into 6, 4, 7, and 5 cluster profiles, respectively. Modules 9, 38, and 41 were the most significant three colored modules. By weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), a total of 5,486 genes were categorized into 10 modules. CCKBR, KCNQ1, FER1L6, and A4GNT were the hub genes of the turquoise module, and PAK6, TRIM29, ADGRF4, TGM1, and TMEM79 were the hub genes of the blue module. Furthermore, functional KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that the turquoise module was involved in gastric acid secretion, sphingolipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, etc., and the blue module was enriched in pancreatic secretion, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism, etc. Our study aims to lay a molecular basis for the study of the physiological functions of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum in yaks. It can further elucidate the important roles of these mRNAs in regulation of growth, development and metabolism in yaks, and to provide a theoretical basis for age-appropriate weaning and supplementary feeding in yaks.

We present multi-parameter optimization of a shallow ridge InP-based traveling wave Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) for ultra-wide modulation bandwidth by velocity and impedance matching and microwave attenuation minimization. Relationship between MZM microwave loss and p-cladding layer doping profile is quantitatively analyzed and incorporated in device optimization. We propose a systematic analysis methodology allowing the full optimization of an InP shallow ridge MZM capable of 200 Gb/s PAM4 operation, compatible with high-volume low-cost manufacturing. Our design is expected to achieve 4.3 V half-wave voltage and 81 GHz 3-dB bandwidth with simplified fabrication process and improved long-term reliability.

The yak (Bos grunniens) was domesticated in the high-altitude QTP. Research about their genetic diversity and population structure is limited. In this study, we resequenced the genome of 494 domestic yaks using Specific-Locus Amplified Fragment Sequencing (SLAF-seq). The survey was conducted on six populations sampled from isolated locations in China in order to analyze their structure and genetic diversity. These six domestic populations were clearly grouped into two independent clusters, with Jinchuan, Changtai, and Jiulong showing a tight genetic relationship with the wild yak. Nerve development pathways were enriched with GO enrichment analysis of 334 domesticated genes. Major genomic regions associated with the differentiation of domestic yaks were detected. These findings provide preliminary information on the yak genome variability, useful to understand the genomic characteristics of different populations in QTP.

A biodegradable metallic ureteral stent with suitable mechanical properties and antibacterial activity remains a challenge. Here we reveal the scientific significance of a biodegradable Mg-Sr-Ag alloy with a favorable combination of balanced mechanical properties, adjustable indwelling time in urinary tract and evident antibacterial activity via in vivo experiments in a swine model. Attributed to the rheo-solidification process, equiaxial microstructure and significantly refined grains (average grain size: 27.1 μm) were achieved. Mg17Sr2 and Mg4Ag were found as the primary precipitates in the matrix, due to which the alloy obtained ca. 111% increase in ultimate tensile strength in comparison to pure magnesium. Both the in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated the satisfactory biocompatibility of the alloy. Histological evaluation and bioindicators analysis suggested that there was no tissue damage, inflammation and lesions in the urinary system caused by the degradation process. The stent also improved the post-operative bladder functions viewed from the urodynamic results. Our findings highlight the potential of this alloy as antibacterial biodegradable urinary implant material.

With the impact of fossil fuel burning and industrialization, atmospheric CO2 concentration will reach about 1000 ppmv in 2100, and more and more CO2 will be absorbed by ocean, resulting in ocean acidification. The Chinese coastal waters are showing unexpectedly high levels of acidification due to a combination of global ocean acidification and severe regional eutrophication, which is caused by natural accumulation or human activities such as aquacultural tail water input, potentially affecting macroalgal blooms. However, little is known about the combined effects of ocean acidification and entrophication on the eco-physiology of bloom-forming macroalgae. This study investigated Ulva prolifera, a dominant species causing green tide in the South Yellow Sea, and explored its growth and physiological responses under the combination conditions of ocean acidification and enriched nutrients. In this study, U. prolifera thalli were cultured under two CO2 conditions (air and 1000 μatm) and two nutrient conditions (High Nutrient, HN, 135 μmol L-1 N and 8.5 μmol L-1 P; Normal Nutrient, NN, 27 μmol L-1 N and 1.7 μmol L-1 P). The results showed that eutrophication conditions obviously enhanced the relative growth rate and photosynthetic performance of U. prolifera. Elevated pCO2 had no significant effect on U. prolifera growth and photosynthetic performance under normal nutrient conditions. However, under eutrophication conditions elevated pCO2 inhibited U. prolifera growth. Moreover, eutrophication conditions markedly improved the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and nitrate reductase activity and inhibited the soluble carbohydrate content, but elevated pCO2 had no significant effect on them under nutrient-replete conditions. In addition, elevated pCO2 significantly reduced the carotenoid content under eutrophication conditions and had no effect on it under normal nutrient conditions. These findings indicate that seawater eutrophication would greatly accelerate U. prolifera bloom, which may also be suppressed to a certain extent by ocean acidification in the future. The study can provide valuable information for predicting the future outbreaks of U. prolifera green tide in nearshore regions.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in several human diseases, particularly in solid tumors. Specific lncRNAs are effective biological molecular markers for diagnosing diseases and determining patient prognosis for designing molecularly targeted therapies. HOTAIR is reportedly involved in several physiological emerging processes in solid tumor, such as unlocking phenotypic plasticity, polymorphic microbiome, and cellular senescence, and has been implicated in tumorigenesis and progression. This review summarizes the relationship between the levels of expression, biological features, clinical symptoms, and regulatory mechanisms of HOTAIR action in solid cancers and discusses the clinical applicability of HOTAIR as a biomarker for predicting risk, diagnosis, prognosis, and designing targeted therapy for cancer.

The objective of this study was to assess the transcriptome of the mammary tissue of four yaks during the whole lactation cycle. For this purpose, biopsies of the mammary gland were performed at −30, −15, 1, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 days relative to parturition (d). The transcriptome analysis was performed using a commercial bovine microarray platform and the results were analyzed using several bioinformatic tools. The statistical analysis using an overall false discovery rate ≤ 0.05 for the effect of whole lactation and p < 0.05 for each comparison identified >6000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) throughout lactation, with a large number of DEGs observed at the onset (1 d vs. −15 d) and at the end of lactation (240 d vs. 180 d). Bioinformatics analysis revealed a major role of genes associated with BTA3, BTA4, BTA6, BTA9, BTA14, and BTA28 in lactation. Functional analysis of DEG underlined an overall induction of lipid metabolism, suggesting an increase in triglycerides synthesis, likely regulated by PPAR signaling. The same analysis revealed an induction of amino acid metabolism and secretion of protein, with a concomitant decrease in proteasome, indicating a major role of amino acid handling and reduced protein degradation in the synthesis and secretion of milk proteins. Glycan biosynthesis was induced for both N-glycan and O-glycan, suggesting increased glycan content in the milk. The cell cycle and immune response, especially antigen processing and presentation, were strongly inhibited during lactation, suggesting that morphological changes are minimized during lactation, while the mammary gland prevents immune hyper-response. Transcripts associated with response to radiation and low oxygen were enriched in the down-regulated DEG affected by the stage of lactation. Except for this last finding, the functions affected by the transcriptomic adaptation to lactation in mammary tissue of yak are very similar to those observed in dairy cows.

Efficient nutritional assimilation and energy metabolism in the stomachs of yaks contribute to their adaption to harsh environments. Accurate gene expression profile analysis will help further reveal the molecular mechanism of nutrient and energy metabolism in the yak stomach. RT-qPCR is regarded as an accurate and dependable method for analyzing gene expression. The selection of reference genes is essential to obtain meaningful RT-qPCR results, especially in longitudinal gene expression studies of tissues and organs. Our objective was to select and validate optimal reference genes from across the transcriptome as internal controls for longitudinal gene expression studies in the yak stomach. In this study, 15 candidate reference genes (CRGs) were determined according to transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) results and the previous literature. The expression levels of these 15 CRGs were quantified using RT-qPCR in the yak stomach, including the rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum at five stages: 0 days, 20 days, 60 days, 15 months and three years old (adult). Subsequently, the expression stabilities of these 15 CRGs were evaluated via four algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and the comparative CT method. Furthermore, RefFinder was employed to obtain a comprehensive ranking of the stability of CRGs. The analysis results indicate that RPS15, MRPL39 and RPS23 are the most stable genes in the yak stomach throughout the growth cycle. In addition, to verify the reliability of the selected CRGs, the relative expression levels of HMGCS2 were quantified via RT-qPCR using the three most stable or the three least stable CRGs. Overall, we recommend combining RPS15, MRPL39 and RPS23 as reference genes for the normalization of RT-qPCR data in the yak stomach throughout the growth cycle.

Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in urinary system. Intravesical chemotherapy is a common adjuvant therapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumors. However, it has several disadvantages such as low drug penetration rate, short residence time, unsustainable action and inability to release slowly, thus new drug delivery and new modalities in delivery carriers need to be continuously explored. Nano-drug delivery system is a novel way in treatment for bladder cancer that can increase the absorption rate and prolong the duration of drug, as well as sustain the action by controlling drug release. Currently, nano-drug delivery carriers mainly included liposomes, polymers, and inorganic materials. In this paper, we reveal current researches in nano-drug delivery system in bladder cancer intravesical chemotherapy by describing the applications and defects of liposomes, polymers and inorganic material nanocarriers, and provide a basis for the improvement of intravesical chemotherapy drugs in bladder cancer.

Accurate detection of H2S is crucial to understanding the occurrence and development of H2S-related diseases. However, the accurate and sensitive detection of H2S in vivo still faces great challenges due to the characteristics of H2S diffusion and short half-life. Herein, we report a H2S-activatable ratiometric near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence liposome nanoprobe HS-CG by the thin-film hydration method. HS-CG shows “always on” fluorescence signal at 816 nm and low fluorescence signal at 728 nm; the NIR fluorescence ratio between 728 and 816 nm (F728/F816) is low. Upon reaction with H2S, the fluorescence at 728 nm could be more rapidly turned on due to strong electrostatic interaction between enriched HS− and positively charged 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) doped in the liposome nanoprobe HS-CG, resulting in a large enhancement of F728/F816, which allows for sensitive visualization of the tumor H2S levels in vivo. This study demonstrates that this strategy of electrostatic adsorption between HS− and positively charged molecules provides a new way to enhance the reaction rate of the probe and H2S, thus serving as an effective platform for improving the sensitivity of imaging.

Recent research has indicated an increase in the likelihood and impact of tree failure. The potential for trees to fail relates to various biomechanical and physical factors. Strikingly, there seems to be an absence of tree risk assessment methods supported by observations, despite an increasing availability of variables and parameters measured by scientists, arborists and practitioners. Current urban tree risk assessments vary due to differences in experience, training, and personal opinions of assessors. This stresses the need for a more objective method to assess the hazardousness of urban trees. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of factors that influence tree failure including stem failure, root failure and branch failure. A systematic literature review according to the PRISMA guidelines has been performed in databases, supported by backward referencing: 161 articles were reviewed revealing 142 different factors which influenced tree failure. A meta-analysis of effect sizes and p-values was executed on those factors which were associated directly with any type of tree failure. Bayes Factor was calculated to assess the likelihood that the selected factors appear in case of tree failure. Publication bias was analysed visually by funnel plots and results by regression tests. The results provide evidence that the factors Height and Stem weight positively relate to stem failure, followed by Age, DBH, DBH squared times H, and Cubed DBH (DBH3) and Tree weight. Stem weight and Tree weight were found to relate positively to root failure. For branch failure no relating factors were found. We recommend that arborists collect further data on these factors. From this review it can further be concluded that there is no commonly shared understanding, model or function available that considers all factors which can explain the different types of tree failure. This complicates risk estimations that include the failure potential of urban trees.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the procedure of endoscopic surgery for ureterovaginal fistula (UVF) and its clinical efficacy. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis of 46 patients needing treatment for UVF with endourology technology was conducted (all patients had unilateral ureteric injury, 27 left and 19 right). Transurethral retrograde ureteric stenting or realignment retrograde/antegrade approach stenting was used to treat the fistula, and the relation between treatment and prognosis was analyzed. Results One case failed, the patient undergoing percutaneous nephrostomy instead. Success was achieved in 45 cases, and urinary leakage was stopped 48 h after surgery. Of the 45 patients operated on, 16 had their double-J stents removed after 3–6 months, and 29 needed replacement every 6–12 months. In a postoperative follow-up of 6–36 months, 10 patients had recurrent stenosis needing ureteroscopic endoureterotomy or reexpansion with a balloon. No other complications occurred. Conclusions Endoscopic surgery is an effective technology in the treatment of UVF, with the advantages of being effective, reliable, less invasive, and readily accepted by patients.

Some polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis (GLPs) are shown to have various activities, but the effects of GLPs on diet-induced obesity and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study indicated that dietary supplementation with GLPs reduced weight gain and improved body composition in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice without reduced food consumption. Fat accumulation in the liver and adipose tissues was reduced by GLPs, and the damages of HFD on the intestine were repaired. These effects could be associated with the modulation of the gut microbiota, resulting in a specific microbiota that similar to normal microbiota. Changes in the gut microbiota may affect the expression of lipid-related genes via short chain fatty acids-dependent pathways. It revealed that GLPs can alleviate HFD-induced obesity by improving the gut microbiota dysbiosis, suggesting that G. lemaneiformis can be developed as food supplement to improve metabolic syndrome and intestinal diseases.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate novel variations in a Chinese family of Han ethnicity, with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) by the powerful technology of whole-exome sequencing (WES). Methods: Genomic DNA from representative family members was extracted and processed for WES via standardized methods. The exome sequence data were analyzed by Genome Analysis Toolkit software. Sanger sequencing was performed on DNA from the proband for genotype confirmation and from the other family members for familial co-segregation analysis. Results: A rare single nucleotide variant c.1592T>G (p.Phe531Cys) in exon 10 of desmoglein-2 (DSG2) was identified by WES in the affected individuals but not in the healthy control, which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing, suggesting that the mutation probably was a causal mutation for the familial disorder of ARVC. Conclusion: We identified a rare disease-causing mutation of the DSG2 gene associated with familial ARVC. The results might contribute to the early genetic analysis in inherited cardiomyopathies.

Although accumulating evidence has shown the important function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance, the role of lncRNA DLEU1 in regulating proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance of bladder cancer (BCA) cells remains largely unknown. Here, we found that DLEU1 was upregulated in BLCA tissues and BCA patients with high DLEU1 expression exhibited a shorter survival time. Furthermore, mechanistic analysis and functional assays validated that DLEU1 induced cell proliferation, invasion, and cisplatin resistance of BCA cells by de-repressing the expression of HS3ST3B1 through sponging miR-99b. Low miR-99b and high HS3ST3B1 levels were correlated with worse prognosis in patients with BCA. Ectopic expression of HS3ST3B1 or inhibition of miR-99b reversed DLEU1 knockdown-mediated suppression of cell proliferation, invasion, and cisplatin resistance. Thus, our study revealed a novel role for the DLEU1/miR-99b/HS3ST3B1 axis in regulating proliferation, invasion, and cisplatin resistance of BCA cells.

With widespread abuse of antibiotics, bacterial resistance has increasingly become a serious threat. Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as one of the most important hospital-acquired pathogens worldwide. Bacteriophages (also called “phages”) could be used as a potential alternative therapy to meet the challenges posed by such pathogens. Endolysins from phages have also been attracting increasing interest as potential antimicrobial agents. Here, we isolated 14 phages against A. baumannii, determined the lytic spectrum of each phage, and selected one with a relatively broad host range, named vB_AbaP_PD-6A3 (PD-6A3 for short), for its biological characteristics. We over-expressed and purified the endolysin (Ply6A3) from this phage and tested its biological characteristics. The PD-6A3 is a novel phage, which can kill 32.4% (179/552) of clinical multidrug resistant A. baumannii (MDRAB) isolates. Interestingly, in vitro, this endolysin could not only inhibit A. baumannii, but also that of other strains, such as Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We found that lethal A. baumannii sepsis mice could be effectively rescued in vivo by phage PD-6A3 and endolysin Ply6A3 intraperitoneal injection. These characteristics reveal the promising potential of phage PD-6A3 and endolysin Ply6A3 as attractive candidates for the control of A. baumannii-associated nosocomial infections.

In electro-hydraulic system (EHS), uncertain nonlinearities such as some hydraulic parametric uncertainties and external load disturbance often degrade the output dynamic performance. To address this problem, a prescribed performance constraint (PPC) control method is adopted in EHS to restrict the tracking position error of the cylinder position to a prescribed accuracy and guarantee the dynamic and steady position response in a required boundedness under these uncertain nonlinearities. Furthermore, a dynamic surface is designed to avoid the explosion of complexity due to the repeatedly calculated differentiations of the virtual control variables derived in backstepping. The effectiveness of the proposed controller has been verified by a comparative results.

Inorganic perovskite solar cells have attracted considerable interest for their thermal stability. In this study, turmeric and carotene natural dyes as additives for refining CsPbBr3 film crystal structure are explored. These dyes enhance light absorption and carrier transport by increasing CsPbBr3 crystal size and reducing defects. Capitalizing on the dyes' light-absorbing nature and their impact on device energy levels, turmeric and carotene additives elevate efficiency from 5.35% to 9.78% and 7.81%, respectively. Remarkably, device stability extends 90 days without encapsulation. In this work, an eco-friendly, economical method to optimize perovskite crystallization is introduced and optoelectronic properties in inorganic perovskite solar cells are enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]