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Abstract Tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration continued to increase over past years, thereby becoming a growing environmental concern in China. Most studies have focused on the analysis of daily maximum 8‐hr O3 concentration, while there is still a dearth of investigations of nocturnal O3. Here, by analyzing the data of 1,313 sites from the China National Environmental Monitoring Center, we show a remarkable increase in the nocturnal O3 concentration during summertime of 2015–2019 in most regions of China, revealing an aggravation of nocturnal O3 pollution. Combining with a GeoDetector model and statistical analysis, we clarify that the aggravation of nocturnal O3 pollution is mainly caused by reduction in both ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration and wet scavenging in recent years. We further reveal that the increasing O3 may have enhanced the nocturnal particulate nitrate (NO3−) formation through N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis, and thereby driving the variation and long‐term trend of nocturnal NO3−.

In recent years, renewable energy, especially photovoltaic (PV) generation, has been widely applied in commercial and residential areas, forming the structure of regional microgrids (MG). On the other hand, as large-scale electric vehicles (EVs) are connected to the regional MG, their disordered charging and discharging will enable extremely bad effects. However, most of the existing scheduling strategies focused on a single MG or considered the MG as a single node, ignoring the characteristics of different subareas. To address these limitations, we propose an optimal scheduling strategy considering large-scale access of EVs based on the typical regional MG composed of commercial and residential subareas, combining the power consumption characteristics of the two subareas and the travel characteristics of EVs. This strategy is mainly to dynamically adjust the charging and discharging of EVs in each subarea, combined with the real-time deployment of excess PV energy, so as to realize the overall scheduling of the regional MG. Numerical results show that EVs store electric energy during valley hours and output electric energy during peak hours. Furthermore, compared with no scheduling method, the proposed strategy reduces the whole-day electricity bills of the regional MG.

Objectives By race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position (SEP), to estimate and examine changes over time in (1) mortality rate, (2) mortality disparities and (3) excess mortality risk attributed to diagnosed diabetes (DM).Design Population-based cohort study using National Health Interview Survey data linked to mortality status from the National Death Index from survey year up to 31 December 2015 with 5 years person-time.Participants US adults aged ≥25 years with (31 586) and without (332 451) DM.Primary outcome Age-adjusted all-cause mortality rate for US adults with DM in each subgroup of SEP (education attainment and income-to-poverty ratio (IPR)) and time (1997–2001, 2002–2006 and 2007–2011).Results Among adults with DM, mortality rates fell from 23.5/1000 person-years (p-y) in 1997–2001 to 18.1/1000 p-y in 2007–2011 with changes of −5.2/1000 p-y for non-Hispanic whites; −5.2/1000 p-y for non-Hispanic blacks; and −5.4/1000 p-y for Hispanics. Rates significantly declined within SEP groups, measured as education attainment (high school=−4.8/1000 p-y) and IPR group (poor=−7.9/1000 p-y; middle income=−4.7/1000 p-y; and high income=−6.2/1000 p-y; but not for near poor). For adults with DM, statistically significant all-cause mortality disparity showed greater mortality rates for the lowest than the highest SEP level (education attainment and IPR) in each time period. However, patterns in mortality trends and disparity varied by race/ethnicity. The excess mortality risk attributed to DM significantly decreased from 1997–2001 to 2007–2011, within SEP levels, and among Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites; but no statistically significant changes among non-Hispanic blacks.Conclusions There were substantial improvements in all-cause mortality among US adults. However, we observed SEP disparities in mortality across race/ethnic groups or for adults with and without DM despite targeted efforts to improve access and quality of care among disproportionately affected populations.

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are rapidly emerging as a novel class of transcripts associated with tumorigenesis and prognosis of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). The goal of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the prognostic utility of tumorigenic lncRNAs as novel biomarkers of OTSCC and their associations with the clinicopathological features of OTSCC. Methods: Online databases were searched for eligible studies. The hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI was used to predict survival. The individual p-values for clinicopathological features were respectively combined using Fisher's method. Results: A total of 11 studies covering 1,138 OTSCC cases were included for quantitative data synthesis. Oncogenic lncRNA expression signature was closely related to shortened overall survival (OS) of patients with OTSCC (HR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.45 - 2.37, p = 0.001; I² = 64.9%; p = 0.002). Stratified analysis based on clinicopathological features showed that abnormally expressed lncRNAs were significantly associated with clinical stage (p = 0.000), node metastasis (p = 0.025), T stage (p = 0.000), and nodal stage (p = 0.000). Conclusions: Collectively, oncogenic lncRNAs were implicated in the development and progression of OTSCC, and may serve as novel biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of OTSCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is a common chronic disease of childhood affecting approximately 200,000 children and adolescents in the United States (1). Children and adolescents with diabetes are at increased risk for death from acute complications of diabetes, including hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (2,3); in 2012, CDC reported that during 1968-2009, diabetes mortality among U.S. persons aged ≤19 years declined by 61% (4). CDC observed disparities by race during 1979-2004, with black children and adolescents dying from diabetes at twice the rate of white children and adolescents (5). However, no previous study has examined Hispanic ethnicity. CDC analyzed data from the National Vital Statistics System for deaths among persons aged 1-19 years in the United States during 2000-2014, with diabetes listed as the underlying cause of death overall, and for Hispanic, non-Hispanic white (white), and non-Hispanic black (black) children and adolescents. During 2012-2014, black children and adolescents had the highest diabetes death rate (2.04 per 1 million population), followed by whites (0.92) and Hispanics (0.61). There were no statistically significant changes in diabetes death rates over the study period, but disparities persisted among racial/ethnic groups. Death from diabetes in children and adolescents is potentially preventable through increased awareness of diabetes symptoms (including symptoms of low blood sugar), earlier treatment and education related to diabetes, and management of diabetes ketoacidosis. Continued measures are needed to reduce diabetes mortality in children and understand the cause of racial and ethnic disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE Despite its growing prevalence in China, the extent to which diabetes leads to excess cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and all-cause mortality is unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We compared death rates and causes of death among 630 people with newly diagnosed diabetes (NDD) and 519 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) who, in 1986, were identi ed as a result of screening 110,660 adults aged 25-74 years for diabetes in Da Qing, China. RESULTS During 23 years of follow-up, 338 (56.5%) participants with NDD and 100 (20.3%) with NGT died. CVD was the predominant cause of death in those with diabetes (47.5% in men and 49.7% in women), almost half of which was due to stroke (52.3% in men and 42.3% in women). The age-standardized incidence of all-cause death was three times as high in those with NDD as in those with NGT with incidences (per 1,000 person-years) of 36.9 (95% CI 31.5-42.3) vs. 13.3 (10.2-16.5) in men (P < 0.0001) and 27.1 (22.9-31.4) vs. 9.2 (7.8-10.6) in women (P < 0.0001). The incidence of CVD deaths in men and women with NDD (17.5 [13.8- 21.2] vs. 13.5 [10.5-16.5]) did not differ signi cantly. Signi cantly higher death rates attributable to renal disease and infectionwere also found in the NDD group. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes is associated with a substantially increased risk of death in Chinese adults, especially from CVD, almost half of which is due to stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Helicobacter pylori has been suggested as a major cause of peptic ulcer disease, not all infected patients develop ulcers, suggesting that other factors, such as lifestyle, may be critical to the development of disease, One lifestyle factor that has not been fully studied is the role of physical activity or exercise. Several mechanisms have been suggested by which physical activity or exercise could modify the risk of ulcer disease: reducing acid secretion, improving immune response, or modifying the biological effects of stress. A prospective study of over 8000 men from the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Tex, concluded that those who participate in a regular exercise program have a lower incidence of duodenal ulcer disease, This study strongly suggests that, in addition to its role in promoting cardiovascular disease, physical activity or exercise could play a role in reducing the risk of duodenal ulcer disease in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, about 2.8% of U.S. adults have diabetes but are unaware of their condition. The objective of this study is to examine how being one of these "missed patients" is associated with limitations of healthcare access. Using questionnaire and fasting plasma glucose data from the morning sample of a nationwide cross-sectional study (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004), we identified 110 "missed patients" with diabetes, 704 persons with diagnosed diabetes, and 4780 persons without diabetes from the work force age group (18-64 years). Healthcare access was measured by the current presence of insurance coverage, continuity of insurance, insurance type, having a routine place to go for healthcare, number of times received healthcare over the past year, and routine patterns of healthcare utilization. We used logistic regression models in our analyses that incorporated sampling weights so as to represent the adult US population. The results of multivariate analyses demonstrated that persons with diabetes were more likely to be undiagnosed if they were uninsured at the time of the survey (odds ratio: 1.8[95% confidence interval: 1.0-3.2]), uninsured for longer than 3 years (2.5[1.3-4.9]), covered by private insurance (2.3[1.2-4.4]), did not have a routine place to go for healthcare (33.3[2.1-537.5]), did not receive any healthcare service in the past year (10.1[4.2-24.6], or did not have any consistent utilization pattern (4.0[1.3-11.7]. Also, in comparison to persons without diabetes, those with undiagnosed diabetes were more likely to be uninsured (1.7[1.0-2.9]) and uninsured for longer than 3 years (2.4[1.1-5.1]). We controlled for age, sex, race, marital status, education, income, body mass index, and health status in both models. In conclusion, our analyses indicated that limited healthcare access-especially not having a routine place for health care and prolonged discontinuities of insurance-was significantly associated with being a "missed patient" with diabetes. Efforts to increase detection of diabetes may need to address healthcare access issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]