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With the quickly development of the Internet of Things technology, Bluetooth (BLE) protocol has been increasingly adopted in consumer communication applications, industry communication utilization, and even positioning requirement, due to its advantages such as low power consumption, low cost, and low complexity. Especially the outstanding low power capability compared with other short-range communication protocol, many power limited AIoT (Artificial Intelligence IoT) devices select BLE as basic component. So, the low power, high performance, and small area BLE module become the key point of successful of whole AIoT system. In BLE system, the baseband data processing is the foundation. A good hardware circuit design of BLE baseband can improve BLE module performance and decrease power simultaneously. This paper analyzes the baseband data processing function of BLE in detail, and designs the baseband transmission data processing RTL circuit IP using Verilog HDL Hardware description language based on BLE protocol. The IP includes CRC verification module, whitening module and coding mapping function module. The RTL design is simulated and evaluated in workstation server with Synopsys VCS tool. The simulation results show that this design can achieve the Low-power BLE Bluetooth baseband function.

SUMMARY: Structural variations (SVs) pervade plant genomes and contribute substantially to the phenotypic diversity. However, most SVs were ineffectively assayed due to their complex nature and the limitations of early genomic technologies. By applying the PacBio high‐fidelity (HiFi) sequencing for wheat genomes, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of mainstream long‐read aligners and SV callers in SV detection. The results indicated that the accuracy of deletion discovery is markedly influenced by callers, accounting for 87.73% of the variance, whereas both aligners (38.25%) and callers (49.32%) contributed substantially to the accuracy variance for insertions. Among the aligners, Winnowmap2 and NGMLR excelled in detecting deletions and insertions, respectively. For SV callers, SVIM achieved the best performance. We demonstrated that combining the aligners and callers mentioned above is optimal for SV detection. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of sequencing depth on the accuracy of SV detection, revealing that low‐coverage HiFi sequencing is sufficiently robust for high‐quality SV discovery. This study thoroughly evaluated SV discovery approaches and established optimal workflows for investigating structural variations using low‐coverage HiFi sequencing in the wheat genome, which will advance SV discovery and decipher the biological functions of SVs in wheat and many other plants. Significance Statement: This study thoroughly evaluated structural variation (SV) discovery approaches and established optimal workflows for investigating SVs using low‐coverage HiFi sequencing in the wheat genome, which will advance SV discovery and decipher the biological functions of SVs in wheat and many other plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural white pollution is a pressing concern in China. However, the efficiency and rationality of the government's subsidies for mulch film management remain ambiguous. To formulate reasonable policies for mulch film management and optimize fiscal resource allocation, the study employs cost–benefit analysis to evaluate the economic performance of mulch film management. Two environmentally friendly measures being primarily proposed in China, namely the application of thicker mulch film (hereinafter referred to as thicker film) and the substitution of biodegradable mulch film (hereinafter referred to as biodegradable film), are selected for analysis, with conventional mulch film (hereinafter referred to as conventional film) serving as the benchmark for comparison. Primary data obtained through field surveys, supplemented by secondary data from national statistics, industry reports, and literature reviews, are used for the study. Results show that thicker film application is cost-effective, with a net benefit of CNY 3208.8/ha (USD 449.2/ha; 1 CNY = 0.14 USD), which is CNY 253.8/ha (USD 35.5/ha) higher than that of conventional film. The net benefit for biodegradable film application is lower than that for conventional film, at CNY 2244.6/ha (USD 314.2/ha). The results reveal the significant potential of promoting the use of thicker film due to its recycling and economic advantages. Findings imply that the further promotion of its use lies in improving farmers' cognition and optimizing subsidy dimensions to allocate government financial resources more effectively. On the contrary, biodegradable film utilization is unprofitable and relies on continuous external subsidies. The government can optimize the subsidy standard based on the cost–benefit performance of different mulch films applied and provide incentives to promote cost reductions and efficiency increases. Further analysis indicates that sustainable mulch film management entails developing mechanisms to internalize the external benefits of management and innovating a new governance landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmers' green production transformation can ensure the quality and security of agricultural products to a certain extent and alleviate the pressure of the agricultural environment. It is essential to understand the impact of socialized agricultural services on the degree of farmers' green production transformation. Based on 1018 survey responses of farmers in Henan, Shandong, and Shanxi provinces, this paper used the finite mixture model to calculate the degree of farmers' green production transformation and used the propensity score matching (PSM) model to construct the counterfactual hypothesis to estimate the average processing effect and heterogeneity of socialized agricultural services on the degree of farmers' green production transformation. The results showed that: 1 The production mode of wheat growers could be divided into traditional production mode and green production mode. The proportion of wheat growers engaged in green production accounted for 20.33%; their fertilizer application was reduced by 363.35 kg/hm², and their pesticide cost was reduced by 418.73 yuan/hm². 2 Fertilization services and plant protection services could significantly promote the wheat growers' green production transformation, and their average treatment effects were 0.109 and 0.152, respectively. Compared with fertilization services, plant protection services promoted wheat growers' green production transformation to a greater extent. After farmers purchased fertilization services and plant protection services, the corresponding chemical input costs per hectare were reduced by 204.06 yuan and 284.56 yuan, respectively. 3 The impact of socialized agricultural services on farmers' green production transformation was significantly heterogeneous. The average treatment effect on green production transformation was more significant for part-time farmers and farmers trained in agricultural technology who purchased the services. Therefore, we should vigorously cultivate the socialized agricultural service market, strengthen the support for such services in different sectors, guide farmers with different endowments to reasonably purchase such services, and promote farmers' green production transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]