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Gallium oxide (Ga2O3), with an ultrawide bandgap corresponding to the deep ultraviolet (DUV) range, has attracted significant attention in optical filter‐free photodetectors. In practical terms, DUV photodetectors employed in extreme conditions, for example, flame detection and space exploration, face the challenges of performance degradation caused by high/low‐temperature transformation. Here, DUV photodetectors are tailored with high durability and stability by one‐step‐grown β‐Ga2O3 films via pulsed laser deposition. A high‐oxygen‐pressure scheme effectively addresses the issue of film‐free deposition at specifically high temperatures, facilitating the formation of polycrystalline high‐resistivity β‐Ga2O3 films. As a result, the devices exhibit outstanding performance, including a low dark current (4.4 pA @30 V), high photoresponsivity (147.36 A W−1), and fast response time (3.1/22.6 ms). Additionally, the photoresponse performance shows minimal degradation at high temperatures up to 300 °C and even improves at low temperatures down to −100 °C, ranking it among the most robust DUV photodetectors. The mechanism of photoresponse, involving the exciton formation, bandgap evolution, carrier‐phonon scatter, etc., is also elucidated in a wide temperature range. This work provides an efficient solution for developing robust Ga2O3 DUV photodetectors with excellent performance for extreme‐condition applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of modern communication technology, it has become a core problem in the field of communication to find new ways to effectively modulate signals and to classify and recognize the results of automatic modulation. To further improve the communication quality and system processing efficiency, this study combines two different neural network algorithms to optimize the traditional signal automatic modulation classification method. In this paper, the basic technology involved in the communication process, including automatic signal modulation technology and signal classification technology, is discussed. Then, combining parallel convolution and simple cyclic unit network, three different connection paths of automatic signal modulation classification model are constructed. The performance test results show that the classification model can achieve a stable training and verification state when the two networks are connected. After 20 and 29 iterations, the loss values are 0.13 and 0.18, respectively. In addition, when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 25dB, the classification accuracy of parallel convolutional neural network and simple cyclic unit network model is as high as 0.99. Finally, the classification models of parallel convolutional neural networks and simple cyclic unit networks have stable correct classification probabilities when Doppler shift conditions are introduced as interference in practical application environment. In summary, the neural network fusion classification model designed can significantly improve the shortcomings of traditional automatic modulation classification methods, and further improve the classification accuracy of modulated signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work presented an electrochemical anode method with different electrolyte concentrations and heat posttreatment to control the stoichiometry and structure of Cu2−xS electrocatalysts. X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were employed to characterize the composition and morphology, whereas the electrocatalytic activity was evaluated by linear scanning voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the electrochemical method successfully synthesized thin flake‐shaped Cu7S4, which exhibited optimal performance at the electrolyte concentration of 0.45 mol L1 with maximum turnover frequency of 0.786 s−1, maximum mass activity of 0.539 A g−1, minimum charge transfer resistance of 0.156 Ω cm−2, and minimum overpotential of 154 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. In the Cu7S4 structure, Cu2+ and S2− were coordinated in a CuS4 tetrahedral structure, whereas Cu+ and S2− were coordinated in a CuS3 triangular structure. Heat posttreatment could change the stoichiometry from 1.75 to 1.8 and improve the electrochemical performance. In the Cu9S5 structure, the CuS3 triangular structure had disappeared. Under the same conditions, the overvoltage was only 128 mV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A numerical simulation model of a natural ventilation greenhouse is helpful for improving the production and quality of greenhouse crops in tropical areas. Field experiments show that the mean coefficient of variation of indoor light intensity in four seasons was lower than 10.0%. The highest indoor temperature reached 39.3 °C during summer, while the average indoor temperature ranged from 24 °C to 26 °C in the other three seasons. The average relative humidity in the greenhouse ranged from 76% to 87% annually, which was higher and more stable than that in the external environment. A three-dimensional steady-state numerical model of the greenhouse was established based on computational fluid dynamics. Under natural ventilation conditions, the maximum error between the simulated value and the measured value of the temperature in each measuring point was 5.90%. And the average relative error between the simulated and measured values was 3.0% in the range of 0.7−1.5 m of crop cultivation height. Finally, a numerical simulation of adding side windows and expanding the vents was carried out. The results show that these methods can homogenize the airflow distribution in the greenhouse and improve the utilization efficiency of natural ventilation without more mechanical system operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A diamond-like amorphous Fe-Co-PO x catalyst is created through a controllable amorphization engineering. It showcases wonderful OER activity, reaching a potential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm−2, and can operate as an anode stably at 200 mA cm−2 for 300 h with little degradation in overall water splitting. Studies observe that the unique amorphous structure, abundant oxygen vacancies, and the synergistic effect of Fe and Co species are the keys to gain excellent water splitting performance. [Display omitted] • An amorphous FeCo-PO x is constructed by hydrothermal and phosphating treatments. • The catalyst owns a diamond-like morphology and abundant oxygen vacancies. • The catalyst exhibits excellent OER and overall water splitting activity and stability. • The synergy of rich oxygen vacancy and amorphous structure are the key to improve performance. Strategically tuning the composition and structure of transition metal phosphates (TMPs) holds immense promise in the development of efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. However, the effect of crystalline phase transformation for TMPs on the catalytic OER activity remains relatively uncharted. In this study, we have deftly orchestrated the reaction process of anion-etched precursor to induce the amorphization process of FeCo-PO x from crystalline to amorphous states. The as-obtained amorphous FeCo-PO x (A-FeCo-PO x) exhibited an optimized OER performance with a low overpotential of 270 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which could be attributed to the flexibility of its amorphous structure and the synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies. Moreover, when incorporated into an overall water splitting (OWS) device configured as A-FeCo-POx(+)||Pt/C(–), it displayed long-term solid stability, sustaining operation for 300 h at a current density of 200 mA cm−2. This work not only provides valuable insights into understanding the transformation from crystalline to amorphous states, but also establishes the groundwork for the practical utilization of amorphous nanomaterials in the field of water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a heterotrophic/biofilm‐electrode autotrophic denitrification reactor (HAD‐BER) was constructed and nano‐ɑ‐Fe2O3 was coated on granular activated carbon (GAC) as a third electrode to enhance the nitrate removal performance. The introduction of nano‐ɑ‐Fe2O3 could stimulate microorganisms to secrete more extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), accelerating the electron transfer. Moreover, more denitrification bacteria were enriched on the particle electrodes, especially Pseudomonas and Thermomonas, which played a significant role in denitrification. The denitrification performance at different COD/N ratios (0.65–3.23) and current intensities (0–150 mA) was investigated in depth. When the nitrate concentration of the influent was 60 mg/L, nitrate was almost completely removed at the optimal current intensity (60 mA) and COD/N ratio (1.29). At the same time, there was almost no nitrite (<0.10 mg/L) and ammonia nitrogen (0 mg/L) accumulation in the effluent. This study provided a new direction for the advancement of HAD‐BER and accelerated its implementation. Practitioner Points: By introducing nano‐a‐Fe2O3 into HAD‐BER, more denitrification bacteria were enriched on the particle electrodes.The increased contents of polysaccharide and protein content could accelerate the electron transfer.Almost completely denitrification could be achieved at current = 60 mA and COD/N = 1.29.The study provided a new direction for the further development of HAD‐BERs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wine‐processed Angelica Sinensis is a widely used Chinese medicinal decoction piece in China. However, there are hardly any robust markers indicating the processing procedure of wine‐processed Angelica Sinensis, including the amount of rice wine and processing degree. A strategy integrating untargeted metabolomics and chemometric analysis for deducing robust markers was provided and applied to the discrimination of processing procedure. First, 86 compounds were tentatively identified in wine‐processed Angelica Sinensis by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry. Second, 93 potential chemical markers were selected using multivariate analysis, among which nine robust chemical markers were selected by verification with commercial samples. Finally, the effects of processing temperature, time, and amount of rice wine on the three selected chemical markers were investigated through a rapid analytical method. It was demonstrated that both m/z 258.1097 and 238.1189 were positively correlated with the amount of rice wine and processing degree. In summary, this study introduced two candidate processing markers as robust markers for discriminating the processing procedures of wine‐processed Angelica sinensis. It also proposed a strategy to provide the reference for the research of other decoction pieces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive genetic neurodegenerative disease caused by an abnormal expansion of a cytosine-adenine-guanine trinucleotide repeat in the huntingtin gene. One pathological feature of HD is neuronal loss in the striatum. Despite many efforts, mechanisms underlying neuronal loss in HD striatum remain elusive. It was suggested that the mutant huntingtin protein interacts mitochondrial proteins and causes mitochondrial dysfunction in striatal neurons. However, whether axonal transport of mitochondria is altered in HD striatal neurons remains controversial. Here, we examined axonal transport of single mitochondria labelled with Mito-DsRed2 in cultured striatal neurons of zQ175 knock-in mice (a knock-in mouse model of HD). We observed decreased anterograde axonal transport of proximal mitochondria in HD striatal neurons compared with wild-type (WT) striatal neurons. Decreased anterograde transport in HD striatal neurons was prevented by overexpressing mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 (Miro1). Our results offer a new insight into mechanisms underlying neuronal loss in the striatum in HD. • Cultured striatal neurons were mainly MSNs that are the most vulnerable neurons in HD. • Anterograde axonal transport of proximal mitochondria was altered in HD striatal neurons. • Overexpressing Miro1 prevented altered mitochondrial transport in HD striatal neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non‐coding RNAs that play important roles in many biological processes. The function of miRNAs in skin colour differentiation and pigmentation has been reported in many animals. However, the researches about their molecular mechanisms of regulating the formation of different skin colour of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) are deficient. In this study, we detected the temporal and spatial expression levels of ccr‐miR‐196a (hereinafter referred to as miR‐196a) and then predicted its target mRNA of microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor a (mitfa), which is a key regulatory transcript factor in the melanogenesis pathway, with bioinformatics and dual‐luciferase reporter methods. Furthermore, we silenced the miR‐196a in vivo with an antagomir to detect whether the miR‐196a would affect the expression levels of mitfa mRNA and its downstream genes including tyrosinase (tyr), tyrosinase‐related protein 1 (tyrp1) and dopachrome tautomerase (dct). The results revealed that mitfa and its downstream genes' mRNA expressions all significantly increased in the treatment group compared with the control group. We presumed that miR‐196a might regulate the pigmentation of koi carp through targeting the mitfa. The finding provided the fundamental information regarding miRNA–mRNA interaction on different skin colour pigmentation in koi carp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the problem of open-switch faults of a voltage source inverter system is investigated. A new fault diagnosis method based on an observer and an adaptive threshold is proposed. This method only needs to utilize the signals existing in a system without the need for extra hardware circuits. First, an observer is designed on a model of a three-phase voltage source inverter system to estimate currents. Then, an adaptive threshold is designed on fault residuals, dynamics of the currents and variations of the system operating state. Moreover, the dead time and switching delay time are also included in the threshold to consider practical applications. Furthermore, to achieve on-line real-time diagnosis and to improve the reliability of the proposed method, the averages of the current residuals in a current fundamental period are defined as diagnostic variables. Finally, the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by simulation and experiment results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the weak generalization of traditional event recognition methods, the limitation of dependence on field knowledge of expert, the longer train time of deep neural network, and the problem of gradient dispersion, the neural network joint model, Conv-RDBiGRU, integrated residual structure was proposed. Firstly, text corpus is preprocessed by word segmentation and stop words processing and uses word embedding to form the matrix of word vectors. Then, local semantic features are extracted through convolution operation, and deep context semantic features are extracted through RDBiGRU. Finally, the learned features are activated by softmax function and the recognition results are output. The novelty of work is that we integrate residual structure into recurrent neural network and combine these methods and field of application. The simulation results show that this method improves precision and recall of Chinese emergency event recognition, and the F-value is better than other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Abstract The mixing of binary droplets is of paramount importance in microfluidic systems. In order to reveal the mixing mechanism of two free droplets suspended in the immiscible phase, we have developed a novel experimental setup to study the internal mixing in coalescing droplets with varying interfacial tension differences and droplet sizes. It is confirmed that the interfacial energy of droplets supports the jet flow and liquid bridge expansion during the coalescence of droplets. The increase of interfacial tension difference can increase the intensity of jet flow accompanied with slower liquid bridge expansion, which enhances the mixing of droplets. The decrease of droplet size can increase the initial velocity of jet flow. However, the intensity of jet flow decreases due to the rapid expansion of the liquid bridge, which results in weaker internal mixing. On this basis, a Reynolds number incorporating the jet velocity and droplet size is proposed to characterize the vortex size, which represents the degree of droplet mixing. This study presents an effective approach for enhancing the mixing of droplets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The study designed and developed a heteromorphic sample pool. • Modeling method based on 2D light intensity distribution patterns can effectively enhance components detection precision and speed. • The study can provide meaningful and insight guidance for analytical chemistry and high-throughput test. Abstract To enhance the detection precision of samples with scattering characteristics by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), this study developed a heteromorphic sample pool and established the related 2D light intensity acquisition system, which can simultaneously acquire multi-path exit light adsorption and scattering information of the samples under test. The Intralipid-20% phantom solutions in 34 samples with different concentrations were detected, while one-dimensional (1D) exit light intensity distributions and two-dimensional (2D) exit light intensity distributions on the surface of the samples were analyzed and modeled using partial least squares. In contrast with the prediction results based on the modeling method of 1D exit light intensity distribution, the modeling method of 2D exit light intensity distribution exhibits more favorable results; specifically, correlation coefficient enhanced by 2.48%, while root mean square error reduced by 6.89%. The experimental results demonstrate that using heteromorphic sample pool can effectively achieve NIRS-based detection precision and speed of chemical components in the solutions with scattering characteristics, which can provide important references for high-throughput and high-precision detection of turbid media in analytical chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrocoalescence behavior of surfactant-laden droplet pairs in oil under a DC electric field was investigated in this paper. The characteristic parameters such as coalescence time, liquid bridge diameter and contact angle were analyzed for varying surfactant concentrations and electric capillary numbers. The results show that the horizontal electrocoalescence of two identical droplets with the same physical properties is symmetrical. Moreover, the surfactant has a significant influence on the pressure difference at the liquid bridge, which results in a variation of the liquid bridge growth and coalescence time. The pressure difference between the droplet and the liquid bridge is significantly dependent on the initial contact angle, which is determined by the electric capillary number Ca and surfactant concentration. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the large initial contact angle restrains the growth of the liquid bridge in the initial coalescence stage. Considering the effect of the initial contact angle, a characteristic time is proposed to describe the evolution of the liquid bridge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to assess the effects of different feeding regimes on growth performance, plasma immune indices and related genes' expression of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) juveniles fed two dietary energy levels. A 3 × 2 factorial experiment was designed including three feeding regimes (two meals a day, one meal a day, one meal every two days; designated as 2 M, 1 M, 2DM) and two dietary available energy levels (3.4 and 3.6 kcal/g; designated as E3.4, E3.6), with three replicates per treatment. Juvenile hybrid grouper (average initial body weight: 19.39 ± 0.04 g/fish) were cultured for 6 weeks in 18 floating cages (125 cm × 80 cm × 40 cm) placed in six concrete ponds sharing the same water source. Results revealed that the 2 M and 1 M treatments had significantly higher weight gain rate (WGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), expression of hepatic IGF-1, TOR, and S6K1 than the 2DM treatment (P < 0.05), whereas feed conversion ratio (FCR) displayed an opposite trend (P < 0.05). No significant differences in the above parameters were found between the 2 M and 1 M groups. As the feeding frequency decreased, the total feed intake (FI) per fish was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while feed intake per meal (FIM), stomachic index (SI) and expression of hypothalamus agouti related neuropeptide (AgRP) were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The 2 M treatment supported higher plasma lysozyme contents than the 1 M and 2DM treatments (P < 0.05). The E3.6 treatment had higher intraperitoneal fat ratio and intestinosomatic index, but lower plasma lysozyme and immunoglobulin M contents than the E3.4 treatment (P < 0.05). Based on our results, a feeding regime of two meals/day of a diet containing 3.4 kcal DE/g of dry matter is recommended for the culture of juvenile hybrid grouper with an initial size of 19.39 g. • The feeding regime of two meals a day is suitable for hybrid grouper. • The feeding regime of one meal every two days impairs fish growth and health. • The feeding regimes affect expression of genes involved in the TOR/S6K1 pathway. • The high dietary energy level (358 kcal per 100 g) impairs immune indices of hybrid grouper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the performance and solve the restrictions of UV/chlorine process (e.g., the narrow pH application range and high disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation), a Fe2+ assisted advanced oxidation process with electrochemically generated chlorine (UV/E-Cl/Fe2+) was proposed for carbamazepine (CBZ) degradation, which eliminated CBZ (5 mg/L) within 4 min under the optimal conditions. Compared with UV/electro-generated chlorine (UV/E-Cl) and anodic oxidation-chlorination/Fe2+ (AO-Cl/Fe2+) processes, the apparent first-order kinetics constant in UV/E-Cl/Fe2+ increased by 2.56 and 3.18 times respectively, and the energy consumption was lower (1.15 kWh/m3-log). Simultaneously, the pH application range could be expanded to 9, and DBPs formed in this process were 17.1% less than those in UV/E-Cl. Through quenching tests, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments, measurement of •OH concentration, quantification of methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) and benzosulfone (PMSO 2) and processes comparison, possible CBZ degradation pathways and mechanism of UV/E-Cl/Fe2+ were proposed, in which Fe(IV) played the dominant role in the early stage, while the production of radicals (i.e., •OH and Cl•) was enhanced with the increase of chlorine generation, accelerating the CBZ removal. Furthermore, this process demonstrated wide application prospect in treating various contaminants and real wastewaters. In conclusion, this study offers an effective and energy-efficient method for organic pollutants degradation. [Display omitted] • UV/E-Cl/Fe2+ process was proposed to degrade pollutants efficiently. • UV/E-Cl/Fe2+ showed better pollutants and TOC removal and less DBPs formation than UV/E-Cl. • Fe(IV) and radicals (.•OH and Cl•) dominated carbamazepine (CBZ) removal by UV/E-Cl/Fe2+. • Degradation pathway and mechanism of CBZ by UV/E-Cl/Fe2+ process were proposed. • UV/E-Cl/Fe2+ system showed cost-effective application perspective at wide pH till 9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A dual-cathode peroxi-coagulation (PC) process and pilot device was first proposed. • It enhanced the oxidative degradation of pollutants in PC process at neutral pH. • It promoted the Fe(II) recycling cycle and greatly reduced iron sludge production. • The improved PC process could produce •OH and O 2 •- more efficiently. • Improved PC process showed application prospect in decentralized sewage treatment. An improved dual-cathode peroxi-coagulation (PC) process using natural air diffusion electrode (NADE) and HNO 3 modified carbon felt (MCF) was first proposed to improve the removal efficiency of organic pollutants in neutral and alkaline wastewater and reduce the formation of iron sludge. The improved PC process does not require any additional oxidants or catalysts, nor does it need to adjust the pH of the wastewater in advance but can directly treat actual wastewater, achieving a target pollutant (C 12 H 14 N 4 O 2 S, sulfamethazine) removal of 87%-100% within 60 min and TOC removal of 46–76% within 240 min with the corresponding energy consumption below 0.02 kWh gTOC-1. Compared with the conventional PC process, this improved process could produce hydroxyl radical (•OH) and superoxide radical (O 2 •-) more efficiently, which greatly increased the SMT removal rate constant by 3–4 times and oxidative removal proportion of organic pollutants from 42 ∼ 47% to 85 ∼ 90%. Thanks to the Fe(II) regeneration capacity of MCF to promote iron circulation, the yield of •OH was 4.1 times higher while the iron sludge production was less than a quarter when compared with that of conventional PC. The improved PC process illustrated better purification performance and lower energy consumption for actual wastewaters such as pharmaceutical wastewater, surface water and rural decentralized domestic sewage than the conventional PC process. Our work elucidated the mechanism of promoting Fe(II) regeneration through MCF cathode under alkaline conditions to enhance •OH production and O 2 •- oxidation, showing a good environmental application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel UV/E-Cl&H 2 O 2 process was proposed to degrade pollutants cost-effectively. • UV/E-Cl&H 2 O 2 showed better pollutants and TOC removal performance than UV/E-Cl and UV/E-H 2 O 2. • Radicals, especially OH and Cl, dominated carbamazepine (CBZ) removal by UV/E-Cl&H 2 O 2. • Degradation pathway and mechanism of CBZ by UV/E-Cl&H 2 O 2 process were proposed. • UV/E-Cl&H 2 O 2 system showed great stability and wide application perspective. To promote the performance of traditional UV/chlorine and UV/H 2 O 2 processes, the novel UV based advanced oxidation process with electrochemical co-generation of chlorine and H 2 O 2 (UV/E-Cl&H 2 O 2) was for the first time used for degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ), a refractory antiepileptic drug with resistance to photodegradation and microbial degradation. Compared with UV/E-Cl and UV/E-H 2 O 2 processes, the apparent first-order rate constant of CBZ degradation by UV/E-Cl&H 2 O 2 process increased by 3.87 and 5.84 times respectively with a lower energy consumption (1.12 kWh/m3-log). Meanwhile, the disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation by the novel process was 21.4% less than that by UV/E-Cl process. Under the optimal condition of initial pH 7, applied current 600 mA and 15 mM NaCl, the UV/E-Cl&H 2 O 2 process could almost completely eliminate CBZ within 4 min and obtain 57.8% TOC removal in 1 h. The mechanism of UV/E-Cl&H 2 O 2 was investigated through processes comparison, quenching experiments, EPR analysis and determination of OH concentration. The generated radicals (i.e., OH and reactive chlorine species), especially OH, played a major role in CBZ removal. Besides, the possible degradation pathways of CBZ were proposed and the stability of UV/E-Cl&H 2 O 2 process for CBZ removal was certified based on ten consecutive runs. The degradation of typical pollutants (sulfamethazine, rhodamine B, methylene blue, atrazine and phenol) and treatments in three kinds of real wastewater confirmed the wide application feasibility of the novel process. In summary, this study provides a novel efficient and energy-saving process for removing organic pollutants with promising perspectives.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioma is a primary cerebral neoplasm that originates from glial tissue and spreads to the central nervous system. Long noncoding RNAs are known to play a role in glioma cells by regulating cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which long intergenic non-protein coding RNA (LINC) 01138 affects glycolysis and proliferation in glioma cells via the microRNA (miR)-375/specificity protein 1 (SP1) axis. LINC01138 expression was assessed in glioma tissues and cells using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and the association between LINC01138 and patient clinicopathological features was analyzed. Glucose uptake, lactic acid secretion, cell proliferation, and glycolysis-related enzyme levels were detected following LINC01138 silencing using CCK-8, EDU assay and western blot analysis. miR-375 and SP1 expression levels were also assessed, and the distribution of LINC01138 in the nucleus and cytoplasm was investigated using subcellular fractionation localization. Furthermore, the binding relationships between LINC01138 and miR-375, and between miR-375 and SP1 were assessed via dual-luciferase experiment, RIP and RNA pull-down assays. Finally, xenograft transplantation models were used to verify the in vitro results. LINC01138 was highly expressed in glioma, which was independent of patient sex or age but was significantly related to tumor diameter, the World Health Organization tumor grade and lymph node metastasis. Silencing LINC01138 significantly reduced glioma glycolysis and cell proliferation. Moreover, LINC01138 acted as a competing endogenous RNA to sponge miR-375 and promote SP1 expression. miR-375 inhibition significantly reversed the effect of LINC01138 silencing. In addition, silencing LINC01138 significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo. The present study demonstrated that silencing LINC01138 inhibited aerobic glycolysis and thus reduced glioma cell proliferation, potentially by modulating the miR-375/SP1 axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Evolution of droplet approach can be described by Re = 60Ca/Oh2. • A more precise equation for droplet approach is proposed. • Evolution of bridge expansion for different regimes are determined. The electrocoalescence of droplets in a viscous fluid is resisted by viscous and inertial forces. In this paper, the effects of these forces on the droplet approaching and liquid bridge expansion are investigated. The results show that the approaching of droplets can be described by the equation Re = 60Ca/Oh2. In addition, we propose a modified equation for the approaching of droplets, which is in better agreement with experimental data. In the initial stage of liquid bridge expansion, the dimensionless number Oh is used to identify different regimes, which is collapsed into a unified expression by using a characteristic time. In this way, evolution of the liquid bridge in different regimes is described. Moreover, it is found that larger liquid bridge width in the viscous regime can result in a slower expansion in the later stage. This study deepens the understanding of the kinetics of droplet electrocoalescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In this study, a visualized light intensity distribution image is constructed by multi-dimensional spectroscopy fusion method, which extends the wavelength dimension of the model, reduces the data volume of the model, and further improves the prediction accuracy of the model. • The multi-dimensional spectroscopy fusion method of the wedge-shaped sample pool can accurately obtain the component content of the measured complex solution and realize the on-line, non-destructive and rapid detection of the complex solution. In order to improve the accuracy of the detection of complex solution components in wedge-shaped sample pool, this paper obtained multi-dimensional spectroscopy (MDS) of multi-path non-linear features including samples by multi-position and multi-wavelength detection methods. And this research constructed a visualized light intensity distribution image by multi-dimensional spectroscopy fusion (MDSF) method. The detection of 46 samples of India Ink and Intralipd-20% mixed phantoms was carried out, and the visualized light intensity distribution image was analyzed and trained by partial least squares (PLS) method, and compared to training method that the raw data without the MDSF (Non-MDSF). In this study, the multi-dimensional spectral fusion modeling method is used to increase the correlation coefficient of the model by 1.29%, and the mean square error is reduced by 3.07%. The results show that the use of MDSF method to analyze the composition of complex solutions, the composition of the solution with scattering characteristics is fast and accurate, which is of great significance for the field of complex solution detection and analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: As the third generation new battery, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has increased from 3.8% in 2009 to 25.8% currently certified, which fully shows that they have great research value and development prospect. As one of the main components of high‐efficiency PSCs, hole transport materials (HTMs) play an important role in extracting and transporting holes and inhibiting charge recombination. However, commonly used HTMs require doping, and the hygroscopicity and corrosiveness of the dopants will destroy the stability of PSCs and hinder their commercialization. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop dopant‐free HTMs. In this review, the dopant‐free HTMs in recent six years are reviewed and summarized systematically, including organic small molecules, polymers and cross‐linkable materials. We focus on the design of the molecular cores and discuss their structure–property correlation, conductivity, and photovoltaic performance. Finally, how to design an ideal HTM is summarized. We hope that this review can provide reference for the development of low‐cost and dopant‐free HTMs to prepare efficient and stable PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the polysaccharide from Panax Notoginseng (SPNP), a traditional herb in China, was used as an outstanding Pickering stabilizer to fabricate Pickering emulsions. The SPNP was characterized to be a porous network structure with a rough surface surrounded by some nanoparticles. Rheological measurement of the obtained Pickering emulsions demonstrated the formation of emulsion gels. Moreover, the emulsions exhibited excellent storage (14 days), pH (1.0–11.0), ionic strength (0–500 mM), and temperature (4–50 °C) stabilities. In addition, the Pickering emulsions showed a freeze-thaw stability, which is beneficial in food, cosmetic or biomedical applications when they may require freezing for storage and melting before use. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) results showed that SPNPs effectively adsorbed at the oil–water interface by forming a compact three-dimensional (3D) network structure and multilayer anchoring on the surface of the emulsion droplets, thus inhibiting the droplet coalescence and flocculation. This study provides a kind of Pickering emulsions applicable in food, biomedical and cosmetic industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimum phenylalanine (Phe) requirement for hybrid grouper (Epinephelusfuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinepheluslanceolatus ♂) juveniles was determined through an 8-week growth trial. A total of seven isoenergetic (340 kcal per 100 g of dry matter), isonitrogenous, and isolipidic diets were made, containing 8.2 (Phe 8.2), 9.2 (Phe 9.2), 10.1 (Phe 10.1), 11.2 (Phe 11.2), 13.3 (Phe 13.3), 15.2 (Phe 15.2), and 17.3 g/kg (Phe 17.3), respectively. Triplicate tanks of juvenile fish (about 16.7 g/fish) were fed each experimental diet twice daily until apparent satiation. The results indicated that different dietary Phe levels significantly influenced weight gain percentage (WG), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), as well as, productive protein value (PPV). Fish fed Phe 8.2 had the lowest WG or PPV among all experimental treatments. Furthermore, the optimal dietary Phe level increased fold height, width, enterocyte, and microvillus height of fish. The Phe 10.1 group exhibited higher growth hormone (GH) expression in the pituitary compared to other groups. Expression of hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone receptor 1 (GHR1) displayed a similar pattern of variation to that of GH. The Phe 13.3 group had lower expression of S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and target of rapamycin (TOR) than other groups. In addition, fish fed Phe 10.1 had lower levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the head kidney, and Cu/Zn-superoxide (Cu/ZnSOD) dismutases in the midgut compared to fish fed other Phe levels. Generally, optimal Phe content in the diet of hybrid grouper was estimated to be 12.7 g/kg of dry matter (27.3 g/kg of dietary protein), and at this level, the feed utilization, gut micromorphology, and immunity of fish were also elevated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of dietary protein-to-energy ratios on the growth, immunological response, antioxidative capacity, liver and intestinal histology, and growth-related gene expression of hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × Pelteobagrus vachelli ♂). Eight diets were formulated to form different protein/energy ratios of 84, 88, 90, 93, 95, 96, 99, and 103 mg/kcal (P/E84, P/E88, P/E90, P/E93, P/E95, P/E96, P/E99, and P/E103), respectively. These diets contain different levels of gross energy (GE), ranging from 4.13 to 4.76 kcal g-1. Seven hundred and twenty healthy fish (17.15 ± 0.02 g) were randomly dispersed into 24 rectangular fiberglass tanks with 8 treatments in triplicate groups. The fish fed a P/E ratio of 95 mg/kcal demonstrated the best growth and feed utilization. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in percent weight gain (WG%) and specific growth rate (SGR) was seen as the dietary P/E ratio ameliorated from P/E84 to P/E95, followed by a decreased pattern in these parameters. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and daily feed intake (DFI) were significantly impacted by dietary P/E ratios (P < 0.05). Additionally, an optimum P/E ratio improved intestinal morphology. However, low or high P/E ratio diets can cause oxidative stress, impaired liver function, and significantly reduced nonspecific immunity. The expression of target of rapamycin (TOR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) genes in the liver was considerably influenced by dietary protein-to-energy ratios (P < 0.05). Based on the statistical analysis of WG% against the dietary P/E ratio, the optimal P/E ratio for the studied species was estimated to be 92.92 mg/kcal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Droplets banding is critical to emulsion separation under ultrasonic irradiation as it can greatly improve the separation efficiency. In this paper, the formation process of droplets banding under ultrasonic standing waves was precisely captured by high-speed microscopic photography; by processing the images, the droplets banding characteristics, including the banding formation time and banding interval, were extracted. Then the effects of acoustic intensity, frequency, droplet size, and physical properties of oil and water on the droplets banding characteristics were discussed in details. The results show that the range of acoustic intensities, within which the droplets banding can form, increases with the increase of the frequency; a maximum allowable acoustic intensity exists for banding formation, which also increases with the frequency. The banding formation time, which increases with increasing oil viscosity but decreases with droplet size, is found to be hardly affected by the oil-water interfacial tension. In addition, the banding interval is only related to the frequency, which closely corresponds to the half wavelength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine requires the appropriate parameters, while the specific chemical markers are still absent to obtain the optimized processing. In this study, we used vinegar‐baked Euphorbia kansui as a case to dissect the chemical markers for the baking process using untargeted metabolomics. The robust chemical markers were selected based on the three rules, correlation, significant difference, and controllability. All the differential features were categorized based on their mass defects. After the differential analysis, 310 differential compounds were screened out and could be mainly divided into six categories: diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols demonstrated increasing trends with the baking time in the discriminant model, while ingenane‐type diterpenes, jatrophane‐type diterpenes, fatty acid esters, and fatty acids had decreasing trends. It was unexpected to find that the diterpenes did not correlate with the baking time. Only very few compounds meet the three rules. They were validated with a high‐performance liquid chromatography method. Finally, only 13‐Hydroxy‐9,11‐octadecadienoic acid and its isomer 9‐Hydroxy‐10,12‐octadecadienoic acid could be used further to differentiate the commercial vinegar‐baked Euphorbia kansui. It would be of interest to evaluate whether these two compounds could be utilized as markers to control more processing methods in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A six-week feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of different dietary Myo -inositol (MI) levels on growth, feed efficiency, immunity, and antioxidant properties of juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂) fed low-fishmeal diets. Seven experimental diets were made to contain 50, 100, 169, 241, 309, 386, and 459 mg/kg of MI (analyzed values, dry matter basis), being abbreviated as MI-50, MI-100, MI-169, MI-241, MI-309, MI-386, and MI-459, and each MI treatment had three replicates. Twelve fish (average initial body weight: 18.7 ± 0.1 g) were allocated to each replicate, being hand-fed their diets to apparent satiation on 8:00 am and 16:30 pm. The results indicated that within the range of 50–241 mg/kg dietary inositol, weight gain percentage (WG%), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were increased with the increasing of MI, and above the 241 mg/kg, they were dropped, especially at 386 and 459 mg/kg. According to the broken-line regression analysis conducted to assess the relationship between WG% and dietary MI levels, the optimum MI dose was 267.9 mg/kg (dry weight) in the low-fishmeal diet of hybrid grouper. Condition factor (CF), viscerosomatic index (VSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and intestinal index (ISI) were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary MI levels, varying with a similar trend as WG%. Fish fed MI-241 had the highest values of serum lysozyme (LZM), hepatic total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) as well as the relative mRNA level of hepatic insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) among all treatments. In conclusion, optimum dietary MI requirement for the maximal growth of hybrid grouper was 267.9 mg/kg, and suitable dietary MI supplementations improve growth, immunity, and antioxidant properties of juvenile hybrid grouper fed low-fishmeal diets. • An optimal MI content of 267.9 mg/kg is recommended in the low-fishmeal diets of hybrid grouper. • Suitable MI supplementations improve growth, immunity and antioxidant properties of fish. • Dietary MI levels exceeded 368 mg/kg have a negative impact on fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper used wedge sample as a detection model. • This paper studied the changes of the diffuse disc properties. • This paper proposed the multi-dimension radial distance method. The measurement accuracy of turbid media is difficult to improve due to the co-existence of absorption and scattering effects. In this report, the diffuse disc of transmission surface was obtained by using the Monte Carlo simulation model based on wedge sample, and the radial distance of each diffuse disc was extracted to study the influence of different optical parameters on the diffuse disc properties. Subsequently, the partial least square regression (PLS) analysis model was established to analyze the relationship between multi-dimensional radial distance and the concentration of Intralipid-20%. Compared with multi-dimensional spectroscopy fusion (MDSF) and conventional two-dimensional light intensity method, multidimensional radial distance (MDRD) method increased the average correlation coefficient of prediction set by 3.5% and decreased the average mean square error by 28.6%. This study proposes the high-throughput and non-invasive method to analysis the turbid media using Monte Carlo simulation model based wedge sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Optimal acoustic parameters highly depend on emulsion properties. • Moderate acoustic cavitation facilitates droplet coalescence at low frequencies. • Droplets aggregate into bandings to enhance separation in high frequency USWs. • Optimization rules for acoustic parameters of ultrasonic separation are given. Ultrasound is an emerging and promising method for demulsification, which is highly affected by acoustic parameters and emulsion properties. Herein, a series of microscopic and dehydration experiments are carried out to investigate the parameter optimization of ultrasonic separation. The results show that the optimal acoustic parameters highly depend on the emulsion properties. For low frequency ultrasonic standing waves (USWs), mechanical vibrations not only facilitate droplet collision and coalescence, but also disperse the surfactant absorbed on the interface to decrease the interfacial strength. Therefore, low frequency ultrasound is suitable for separating emulsions with high viscosity and high interfacial strength. Increasing the energy density to produce moderate cavitation can increase demulsification efficiency. However, excessive cavitation results in secondary emulsification. In high frequency USWs, the droplets migrate directionally and form bandings, thereby promoting droplet coalescence. Therefore, high frequency ultrasound is favorable for separating emulsions with low dispersed phase content and small droplet size. Increasing the energy density can accelerate the aggregation of droplets, however, excessive energy density causes acoustic streaming that disturbs the aggregated droplets, resulting in reduced demulsification efficiency. This work presents rules for acoustic parameter optimization, further advancing industrial applications of ultrasonic separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest primary brain tumor that is highly resistant to current treatments. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are highly expressed in gliomas, especially GBM. Previous studies have shown reciprocal activation between PLK1 and STAT3 and that they regulate the same pools of MYC downstream. We have demonstrated that PLK1 and STAT3 levels are elevated in gliomas compared with those in normal brain tissues, and high expression of both PLK1 and STAT3 is associated with poor prognosis in TCGA. Moreover, there was direct or indirect reciprocal regulation between PLK1 and STAT3. Furthermore, we found that PLK1 and STAT3 can regulate the same pools of MYC downstream. Compared to monotherapy, combined treatment of glioma cells with PLK1 and STAT3 inhibitors, BI2536 and Stattic, respectively, showed lower expression of MYC, synergistic induction of cell invasion and apoptosis in vitro, and tumor inhibition in xenografts. PLK1 and STAT3 were able to directly regulate the expression of MYC and induce apoptosis of glioma cells through the regulation of MYC. These findings may help develop a therapeutic strategy for dual inhibition of PLK1 and STAT3 against the tumorigenesis of glioma. • PLK1 and STAT3 expression increased in GBM tissues. • PLK1 interacts with STAT3 in GBM. • PLK1 and STAT3 were able to directly regulate the expression of MYC. • Dual pLK1 and STAT3 inhibition promotes glioblastoma cells apoptosis via MYC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the influence of gravity, the liquid film formed after the vortex tool in the inclined pipeline has the characteristics of being thin on top and thick at the bottom. Besides, the liquid film is affected by the tangential force. • Liquid unloading mechanism of vortex tools is explained. • Structural optimization progress of vortex tools is reviewed. • Technology application of surface vortex tools is summarized. • Liquid unloading model of swirl annular flow is proposed. The paper presents an in-depth review of the liquid unloading by vortex tools in the low production gas wells or hilly pipelines from the perspective of liquid unloading mechanism analysis, experiments and numerical simulation, and technology application. Moreover, future research directions are suggested that can promote future applications. The review points out that optimizing the vortex tools should take into account the liquid unloading capacity and pressure drop. The challenges are also discussed. Specifically, it is necessary to: 1. establish a liquid unloading model of vortex flow by considering the gravity in the inclined pipe; and 2. predict the effective operating distance between the vortex tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accuracy of component detection of turbid media can be difficult to improve due to the mutual influence of scattering and absorption in light attenuation. In this study, a heteromorphic sample pool was introduced containing turbid media with India Ink and Intralipid-20% fat emulsion, which increases the scattering information of the non-circumferential symmetric hyperspectral image of the turbid media. A gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) was used to extract textural features from the hyperspectral images. Subsequently, the textural features were correlated with the concentrations of Intralipid-20% by means of partial least squares regression, and it was compared with the frequently used analysis of two-dimensional exit light intensity. Experimental results show that textural feature modeling is superior to conventional light intensity modeling with a correlation coefficient of prediction (Rp) = 0.9831 and a root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) = 0.0631% in the prediction set. This study provides a potentially viable method for detecting the components of turbid media quantitatively in analytical chemistry. • The study designed a heteromorphic sample pool whose incident plane and exit plane are not parallel. • Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) was used to extract textural features from hyperspectral images of turbid media. • Analysis of the textural features of hyperspectral images is superior to conventional light intensity analysis in component detection of turbid media. • The study can provide a potentially viable method for detecting the components of turbid media quantitatively in analytical chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Droplet response mode depends on electric capillary number and viscosity ratio. • Liquid bridge growth is dominated by interface tension instead of electric stress. • Dimensionless liquid bridge radius is linear with the conical angle. Deformation and coalescence behaviors of water droplets in viscous fluid under a direct current electric field are investigated with experiments and numerical simulations. An electro-hydrodynamic model is developed based on fluid dynamics equations and electrostatic equations. A coupled level set and volume of fluid method is proposed to capture the dynamic interface. The numerical results are validated to be in good accordance with classic results in the literature. The effects of electric capillary number Ca and viscosity ratio λ on droplet deformation and coalescence are systematically analyzed. Two different droplet response modes are obtained, namely overdamping response and underdamping response. The conversion of response modes is discussed with the (Ca, λ) phase diagram. Moreover, the distributions of electric field and flow field before and after the droplets contact are compared and analyzed. Numerical results show the time evolution of liquid bridge is dominated by the interfacial tension and viscosity of continuous phase. The electric stress is extremely weak at the liquid bridge and has a slight influence on evolution of liquid bridge. The correlation formula between dimensionless liquid bridge radius and conical angle during the growth of liquid bridge is regressed. These results are helpful for the optimization of electro-coalescence process. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Effect of droplet banding on demulsification process is analyzed. • Optimal acoustic intensity and treatment time are obtained. • Acoustic cavitation threshold in emulsions is achieved by spectral analysis. • Range of oil-water properties suitable for ultrasonic separation is determined. Abstract This paper focuses on the application range and optimal parameters for separating water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions using ultrasonic standing waves (USWs). Firstly, the effect of droplet bandings on the demulsification process is theoretically analyzed. The formation of droplet bandings coincides with droplet sedimentation when horizontal irradiation is applied, which improves the separation efficiency. On this basis, the effects of acoustic parameters and oil-water properties on demulsification are analyzed in detail. It is shown that ultrasonic treatment is an efficient demulsification method, and that maximum demulsification efficiency can be achieved by optimizing the acoustic intensity and treatment time. Excessive acoustic intensity causes acoustic cavitation in low-frequency USWs and acoustic streaming in high-frequency USWs, resulting in a low separation efficiency. Acoustic cavitation also causes secondary emulsification, dispersing tiny oil droplets into separated water. In addition, ultrasonic separation is significantly affected by oil-water properties. The demulsification efficiency of W/O emulsions decreases with increasing oil viscosity and decreasing oil-water interfacial tension. Ultrasonic treatment has significant advantages for separation of emulsions with low water content and interfacial tension. This study presents an in-depth analysis of ultrasonic separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of the strategy to regulate the acidic properties of solid superacids had been attracting widespread attention in the acidic catalysis-related fields. In the present work, an HCl-promoted SO 4 2−/TiO 2 solid composite superacid was synthesized by incorporation of hydrogen chloride into sulfated titania (SO 4 2−/TiO 2). The Brønsted acid strength of HCl-promoted SO 4 2−/TiO 2 was significantly increased compared with that of SO 4 2−/TiO 2. Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction results of HCl-promoted SO 4 2−/TiO 2 showed an increase by 27% in reaction rate and decreased byproduct selectivity (1% versus 10% for HCl-promoted SO 4 2−/TiO 2 and SO 4 2−/TiO 2 , respectively). Structural characterizations demonstrated that HCl had the synergetic effect with induced titanium ion of HCl-promoted SO 4 2−/TiO 2 to form a new type of Brønsted acidic site. The configuration of enhanced Brønsted acidic site verified by DFT calculations was more liable to release the proton than that of conventional Brønsted acidic site, consequently increasing the Brønsted acid strength of HCl-promoted SO 4 2−/TiO 2. Hydrogen chloride is incorporated into sulfated titania to synthesize a HCl-promoted SO 4 2−/TiO 2 solid composite super-strong acid. Synergistic effect of hydrogen chloride with induced titanium endows HCl-promoted SO 4 2−/TiO 2 with enhanced Brønsted acid strength. [Display omitted] • HCl was incorporated into sulfated titania to prepare a solid composite acid. • HCl-promoted SO 4 2−/TiO 2 possessed the enhanced Brønsted acid strength. • Synergetic effect between HCl and induced titanium site was analyzed. • Configuration of a novel Brønsted acid site was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) perform crucial roles in biological process involving complex mechanisms. However, information regarding their abundance, characteristics and potential functions linked to fish skin color is limited. Herein, Illumina sequencing and bioinformatics were conducted on black, white, and red skin of Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Results: A total of 590,415,050 clean reads, 446,614 putative transcripts, 4252 known and 72,907 novel lncRNAs were simultaneously obtained, including 92 significant differentially expressed lncRNAs and 722 mRNAs. Ccr_lnc5622441 and Ccr_lnc765201 were up-regulated in black and red skin, Ccr_lnc14074601 and Ccr_lnc2382951 were up-regulated in white skin, and premelanosome protein a (Pmela), Pmelb and tyrosinase (Tyr) were up-regulated in black skin. The expression patterns of 18 randomly selected differentially expressed genes were validated using the quantitative real-time PCR method. Moreover, 70 lncRNAs acting on 107 target mRNAs in cis and 79 lncRNAs acting on 41,625 target mRNAs in trans were investigated. The resulting co-expression networks revealed that a single lncRNA can connect with numerous mRNAs, and vice versa. To further reveal their potential functions, Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were analyzed, and membrane, pigment cell development, cAMP signaling, melanogenesis and tyrosine metabolism appear to affect skin pigmentation. Additionally, three lncRNAs (Ccr_lnc142711, Ccr_lnc17214525 and Ccr_lnc14830101) and three mRNAs (Asip, Mitf and Tyr) involved in the melanogenesis pathway were investigated in terms of potential functions in embryogenesis and different tissues. Conclusions: The findings broaden our understanding of lncRNAs and skin color genetics, and provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying lncRNA-mediated pigmentation and differentiation in Koi carp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Addition of silica nanoparticles affects droplet–interface electrocoalescence. • Reduced interfacial tension, increased water conductivity are responsible for effect. • Effect of field strength is pronounced compared to that of initial droplet size. • Formation of a ring by the separation of vortices is visualized by nanoparticles. • A group (electric We × Oh) is not suitable for coalescence containing nanoparticles. Abstract Electric dehydration method is widely used in oil industry to separate water from oil. Droplets resting on the oil–water interface discharge their liquids into the bulk phase, and the process can be altered by the change of electric field strength (E) or properties of water. Phenomenon of silica (SiO 2) nanoparticle-laden droplets coalescing with a planar interface under direct current electric field was observed using a high-speed digital video camera. The effects of initial droplet diameter (D), E , and weight percent of nanoparticles in deionized water (C) were studied experimentally. The results showed that increasing D or E contributed to the formation of secondary droplets. Addition of SiO 2 nanoparticles to water produced two competing effects: reduction in oil–water interfacial tension and increase in water conductivity, and a shift in the dominant effect occurred with the increase of E. Furthermore, formation of a ring by the separation of vortices was visualized by movement of nanoparticles in experiments, and its downward moving velocity decreased with time, which is small compared to that reported in literature. Finally, it was confirmed that the dimensionless WO number is not suitable for describing the volume fraction of secondary droplets for droplet–interface coalescence containing nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separation characteristics of W/O emulsion were investigated under ultrasonic standing wave field in this paper. The effects of the irradiation time, acoustic intensity, frequency, oil viscosity, and oil-water interfacial tension on the separation characteristics of emulsion were studied in details. It was proved that there existed an optimal irradiation time, acoustic intensity and oil-water interfacial tension to achieve the maximum separation efficiency in ultrasonic treatment process. Excessive long irradiation time had little effect on improving the dehydration rate of emulsion but rather increased unnecessary processing time. Excessive high acoustic intensity caused the occurrence of acoustic cavitation phenomenon. The acoustic cavitation would cause the aggregated droplets to be dispersed by oscillating bubbles or even emulsified again by high speed micro jets. The acoustic cavitation threshold is effectively and accurately obtained by a spectral analysis method. The micro acoustic streaming which resulted from the attenuation of acoustic energy occurred with the increase of frequency. It sheared the aggregated droplets, destroyed the stable droplets banding and reduced the separation efficiency of emulsion. The excess surfactant adsorbed on the oil-water interface resulted in the increase of the interfacial film strength, which hindered the coalescence process of droplets and reduced the separation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the removal efficiency of low-concentration organic pollutants and enhance the oxidation efficiency of electro-Fenton (EF) process, a floating sandwich-type EF system (N/(A)/ D -EF) without aeration was constructed for the first time. This EF system electro-synthesized H 2 O 2 through the floating natural air diffusion electrode (NADE) without aeration, and regenerated Fe(II) effectively by the activated carbon fiber (ACF) interlayer, which significantly enhanced the process oxidation capacity since its •OH yield was 8.7 times that of the conventional EF system. In addition, the ACF interlayer could adsorb and enrich micro-pollutants and the generated •OH directly oxidize the pollutants adsorbed on the ACF, which enabled regeneration of ACF and maintained removal stability in 20 consecutive experiments. The removal rate constant (k) of carbamazepine by N/(A)/ D -EF process was 7.6 times and 2.1 times higher than that of conventional EF and ACF adsorption process, respectively. This process could efficiently remove mixed low-concentration organic pollutants (0.1 mg L-1) in domestic sewage and lake water with rate constant 1.6–7.1 times that of the conventional EF process but lower energy consumption. Meanwhile, the N/(A)/ D -EF process had a wider application range of sewage pH and conductivity, which was a promising process for removing low-concentration pollutants in wastewater. [Display omitted] • A floating sandwich-type electro-Fenton (EF) without aeration was first constructed. • It electro-synthesized H 2 O 2 through the floating natural air diffusion electrode. • Activated carbon fiber (ACF) interlayer could regenerate Fe(II), adsorb and enrich pollutants. • This EF has higher oxidation efficiency, lower energy consumption, and wider application pH. • It is promising and stable for removing low-concentration pollutants in water/wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C - VC) is one of the essential micronutrients required for normal growth and physiology of fish. In this research, the optimum dietary VC requirement of juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) was evaluated in a comparative feeding trial and subsequent oxidative stress test. Six isoenergetic (340 kcal/kg), isoproteic (49%) and isolipidic (7%) experimental diets were supplemented with graded amounts of L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (analyzed VC concentrations of 76, 86, 104, 126, 137 and 152 mg/kg dry matter) and hand-fed to fish (initial weight of 15 ± 0.1 g/fish (means ± S.D.)) in three replicate cages twice a day (08:00 h and 16:30 h) to apparent satiation for 7 weeks. Percent weight gain (WG%), together with the VC concentrations in liver and head kidney, were elevated with increasing dietary VC contents, reaching a plateau in the VC137 treatment. The optimal dietary VC requirement of hybrid grouper was estimated to be 148 mg/kg dry matter based on broken-line regression analysis of WG%. Serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations and the relative mRNA expression of hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) displayed a similar variation tendency as WG%. At the transcriptional level, the activity of Nrf2-Keap1 pathway was up-regulated by VC supplementations, with the VC104 treatment showing the highest value. In summary, the optimal dietary VC requirement for the highest value of WG% of juvenile hybrid grouper was 148 mg/kg dry matter, and appropriate dietary VC supplementation improved oxidation resistance and serum IgM concentrations of the fish. • VC affects growth and expression of hepatic IGF-1 of hybrid grouper. • At the transcriptional level, the activity of Nrf2-Keap1 pathway was up-regulated by VC supplementations. • Optimal VC requirement of hybrid grouper fed low fishmeal diets was 148 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The voltage swell (VS) in power system may require high voltage ride through (HVRT) of wind farms (WFs), and the detailed WF simulation model would need huge computational time, and thus is not be suitable for the analysis of HVRT dynamic behaviour of large-scale WFs. In this paper, a novel WF equivalent model with the required accuracy level for HVRT analysis is proposed. Firstly, multiscale entropies (MSEs) of the operational parameters in wind turbines (WTs) are calculated to represent their distinguishability in different HVRT processes, and the time series of several parameters which have obvious distinguishability are selected as the multi-view clustering indicators (CIs). To handle the multi-view CIs, a new clustering algorithm namely multi-view incremental transfer fuzzy C means (MVIT-FCM) is proposed. This algorithm integrates the transfer learning technique to increase the stability and accuracy of the WTs clustering. Also, the high-dimensionality of the time series based CIs and the consequent computational burden in clustering are considered, and an incremental technique is applied in MVIT-FCM to handle the large-scale WF modelling. A real WF system is used for case study. The results indicate that the multi-view CIs are very effective for increasing the equivalent accuracies. In addition, with the aid of incremental and transfer learning techniques, MVIT-FCM can acquire stable clustering results and handle large-scale WF accurately and efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Learning and memory and emotional impairment in rats with post-weaning social isolation were verified. • The similarities and differences between the multifunctional closed maze, water maze, and IntelliCage system were compared in the post-weaning social isolation model rat behavior test. • Multifunctional closed maze was the optimal choice to simultaneously detect learning and memory and emotional disorders. To verify a behavioral device for the detection of learning, memory, and affective disorders in post-weaning socially isolated rats. We tested the behavioral changes in post-weaning socially isolated rats using a multi-function closed maze, a self-developed behavioral device, against the classical mood disorder detection method, the IntelliCage system and Morris water maze. In the multifunctional closed maze experiment, the spatial learning and memory ability of post-weaning socially isolated rats decreased, which was consistent with the results of the water maze and IntelliCage system. Furthermore, the behavioral changes in the post-weaning socially isolated rats in the multi-function closed maze test were the same as those of the forced swimming and open field tests, indicating that the rats had depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. A multi-function closed maze can detect emotional changes, spatial learning ability, and memory ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The model achieves faulted-classification without marking fault occurring time. • The model can classify the fault type of real-world transmission lines. • Maximum mean discrepancy is added to the objective function of CNN. • Gradient similarity-based image is used as the input of the model. Accurate faulted-phase classification for transmission lines is important to ensure the power systems security, and the machine learning-based methods were widely studied because of their strong generalization ability. However, these methods often require precise marking of fault occurring time. Also, existing methods face the challenges in real-world applications because they are trained using the laboratory samples. In this paper, we propose a novel faulted-phase classification model for the transmission lines. First, the gradient similarities among multi-channel electrical signals are converted to the proposed gradient similarity-based images (GS -images), which are used as the input of neural network. With the aid of this conversion, the fault features are more obvious and there is no need to mark the fault occurring time. Second, cross-domain adaption is introduced to the optimization objective of convolutional neural network (CNN). Through this adaption, the distribution discrepancies of the top-layer features extracted by the neural network between laboratory and real-world fault samples are reduced significantly, thereby increasing the model applicability in diagnosing the real-world faults. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, several state-of-the-art faulted-phase classification models are used for comparison. The results show that the proposed model is well-performed in accuracy, noise immunity and real-world applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Timely and accurate fault location for a 35-kVhigh-reliability distribution network is one of the key technologies to improve the safety and efficiency of distribution network operations. A novel fault location method of 35-kV high-reliability distribution network is proposed in this paper. First, the distributed multipoint fault location model is established based on the power structure of a 35-kV high-reliability distribution network. The distribution of voltage and current traveling waves along the lines is comprehensively considered in this model. Secondly, we analyze the influence of noise interference, analog-digital conversion frequency, and conversion bits on the location accuracy. The simulation method of noise and analog-digital conversion is proposed based on simulated samples. Then, a wavelet filter is used to reduce the influence of noise on the calibration of the traveling wave arrival time, and matrix modulus of S transform is used to identify the arrival time for the wave. Finally, the simulation model of a 35-kV high-reliability distribution network is established to analyze the location accuracy in the case of single-phase to ground via resistance, two-phase short-circuit to ground via resistance, and three-phase short-circuit faults. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method has high location accuracy under the above fault conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]