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Spatiotemporal regression is a crucial method in geography for discerning spatiotemporal non-stationarity in geographical relationships, which has found widespread application across diverse research domains. This study implements two innovative spatiotemporal intelligent regression models, namely geographically neural network weighted regression (GNNWR) and geographically and temporally neural network weighted regression (GTNNWR), integrating the spatiotemporal weighted framework and neural networks. Demonstrating superior accuracy and generalization capabilities in large-scale data environments compared to traditional methods, these models have emerged as prominent tools. To facilitate the seamless application of GNNWR and GTNNWR in addressing spatiotemporal non-stationary processes, a Python-based package, GNNWR, has been developed. This article details the implementation of these models and introduces the GNNWR package, enabling users to efficiently apply these cutting-edge techniques. Validation of the package is conducted through two case studies. The first case involves the verification of GNNWR using air quality data from China, while the second employs offshore dissolved silicate concentration data from Zhejiang Province to validate GTNNWR. The results of the case studies underscore the effectiveness of the GNNWR package, yielding outcomes of notable accuracy. This contribution anticipates a significant role for the developed package in supporting future research that leverages big data and spatiotemporal regression techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, glucose oxidase (GOx) cross‐linking to a single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)‐poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) matrix is investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) for its direct electrochemistry and kinetics with presence of glucose. The electrochemistry of the bound flavin cofactor, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) of the GOx, is impeded by glucose and recovered at absence of glucose, whereas a non‐specific sugar (e. g. sucrose) has no such effect. The Faradaic current of the GOx in CV decreases when the concentration of glucose increases, while the calculated electron transfer (ET) rate constant (k0) of the GOx presents a monotonic increment manner up to 144 % at 70 mM glucose concentration vs. absence of glucose in a deaerated electrolyte solution. The k0 and Faradaic current changes demonstrate a strong linear relationship to logarithmic value of glucose concentration up to 20 mM. These results suggest that the entrapped GOx, when exposing to glucose, becomes deactivated in the direct electrochemistry. Further mechanistic analysis suggests the ET reaction of GOx shows a responsive correlation to the non‐ergodicity of those active GOx sites. A control experiment using pure FAD immobilized in the matrix doesn't show responses to glucose addition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Manipulating Co 3 O 4 deposition for best electrocatalytic performance in dopamine sensing. • Doping on super-aligned electrospun carbon nanofiber scaffolds for site activity. • Rapid responses of dopamine reaction at the electrode surface. • Highly sensitive to secreted dopamine secreted from living cells. • Superior stability and reproducibility of as-prepared electrode sensors. A demand exists for the development of miniaturized biosensors with high sensitivity and a wide dynamic range for rapid detecting dopamine (DA) levels. In this work, an electrochemical sensor is created by decorating closely packed cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4) nanograins on nitrogen-doped electrospun carbon nanofibers (NECNFs) via a facile electrodeposition method. The carbon nanofiber matrix provides both a scaffold with ultrahigh surface area for homogeneous dispersion of cobalt oxide nanostructures and facilitates the electrochemical conductivity for the hybrid electrode. The sensing principle is based on the redox reaction between DA and DA quinone that generates electrical signal, which is detectable via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry (CA). Owing to a high electroactive surface area and facilitating electron transfer between electrode surface and the target molecule, the electrical sensing platform exhibits superior sensitivity and selectivity toward DA, with an excellent limit of detection (9 nM) over a wide range of concentrations (0.01 to 100 µM). Moreover, based on its excellent sensing properties and biocompatibility, the sensor has been used for the real-time monitoring exogeneous DA released from pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. This work demonstrates promise of a novel sensor technology that may render rapid point-of-care testing of DA towards early clinical diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The incidence of allergic diseases has increased globally, with genetics playing an essential role in these conditions' development. However, there is still a gap in understanding of how parental allergy status affects children's allergies. Methods: An electronic questionnaire was used to assess allergy-related symptoms in kindergarten children and their parents, with a clinical diagnosis and concurrent serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), total IgE, and blood cell counts obtained. Results: 88 family groups were enrolled, with allergy prevalence of 85.2% in children, 50% in fathers, and 42% in mothers. Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis was the most common allergic disease. When the mother had an allergy, the children's allergy diagnosis rate was 91.3%; 86.67% when the father had an allergy; and 85.71% when both parents had allergies. The child sensitization rate was 78.26% when the father had sensitization, 59.09% just as the mother had sensitization, and 84.21% when both parents had sensitization. Paternal allergies affected children's quality of life due to allergic rhinitis but not their rhinitis symptoms. Maternal allergies or sensitization did not significantly affect children's symptoms or quality-of-life scores. Conclusion: The study found a positive correlation between childhood and parental allergies, and further studies are needed to confirm the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing evidence has shown that light exists in a diverse range of deep‐sea environments. We unexpectedly found that blue light is necessary to produce excess zero‐valent sulfur (ZVS) in Erythrobacter flavus 21‐3, a bacterium that has been recently isolated from a deep‐sea cold seep. E. flavus 21‐3 is able to convert thiosulfate to ZVS using a novel thiosulfate oxidation pathway comprising a thiosulfate dehydrogenase (TsdA) and a thiosulfohydrolase (SoxB). Using proteomic, bacterial two‐hybrid and heterologous expression assays, we found that the light–oxygen–voltage histidine kinase LOV‐1477 responds to blue light and activates the diguanylate cyclase DGC‐2902 to produce c‐di‐GMP. Subsequently, the PilZ domain‐containing protein mPilZ‐1753 binds to c‐di‐GMP and activates TsdA through direct interaction. Finally, Raman spectroscopy and gene knockout results verified that TsdA and two SoxB homologs cooperate to regulate ZVS production. As ZVS is an energy source for E. flavus 21‐3, we propose that deep‐sea blue light provides E. flavus 21‐3 with a selective advantage in the cold seep, suggesting a previously unappreciated relationship between light‐sensing pathways and sulfur metabolism in a deep‐sea microorganism. Synopsis: Blue light has been shown to affect metabolism in certain deep‐sea bacteria. Here, we show that blue light promotes the formation of zero‐valent sulfur (ZVS) in the deep‐sea cold‐seep bacterium Erythrobacter flavus 21‐3 via a pathway involving a light‐sensing LOV histidine kinase and downstream c‐di‐GMP production. Blue light stimulates the production of zero‐valent sulfur (ZVS) in E. flavus 21‐3.The light–oxygen–voltage histidine kinase LOV‐1477 phosphorylates the diguanylate cyclase DGC‐2902 and promotes the production of c‐di‐GMP.mPilZ‐1753 binds c‐di‐GMP, activating thiosulfate dehydrogenase (TsdA) via a direct interaction.Two thiosulfohydrolase (SoxB) homologs collaborate with TsdA to generate ZVS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese agarwood, derived from the Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg (Thymelaeaceae), has a long history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the management of cardiovascular disease. However, the specific active ingredients responsible for its impact on atherosclerosis are yet to be fully understood. Aim of the study : The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effectiveness of the 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone-enriched extract derived from Chinese agarwood (CPE) through the ER stress-mediated CD36 pathway. To assess the effectiveness of CPE, an atherosclerotic mouse model was established using ApoE−/− mice with a high-fat diet. Then we assessed the impact of CPE on lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophages that were exposed to oxLDL. Subsequently, the effect of CPE on the expression of CD36 and markers related to ER stress was characterized. Our in vivo research confirmed that CPE effectively reduces the formation of aortic plaques in atherosclerotic ApoE−/− mice. Additionally, our in vitro study observed that CPE inhibits the uptake of oxLDL and hinders the generation of foam cells. This effect is achieved by downregulating the level of CD36 in macrophages. Furthermore, our study revealed that the increase in CD36 expression, resulting from oxLDL exposure, is governed by the activation of JNK 1/2/3 signaling pathways and the initiation of ER stress. CPE demonstrated significant efficacy to inhibit the atherosclerosis. The ER stress/P-JNK/PPARγ/CD36 signaling pathway plays critical involvement in modulating the foam cell formation in vitro and in vivo. These findings underscore the efficacy of CPE as a viable therapeutic intervention for the treatment of atherosclerosis. [Display omitted] • 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone-enriched extract of Chinese agarwood (CPE) diminishes atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE−/− mice. • CPE exhibits strong inhibitory effects on the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in macrophages. • CPE alleviates the oxLDL-induced overexpression of CD36 by regulating the ER stress/P-JNK/PPARγ pathway in macrophages. • CPE attenuates the modulation of ER stress and reduction of CD36 overexpression in the aortic plaque of mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A deep-sea lander mounted Raman spectrometer was deployed in a cold seep region. • Raman spectral data revealed five distinct phases. • Methane concentration fluctuated minimally over the observation period. • Our observations are consistent with those of hydrate capacitor models. • Hydrates, as methane capacitors, provide energy to chemosynthetic communities. Cold seep ecosystems are characterized by a dense accumulation of chemosynthetic communities that utilize the chemical energy contained in fluids. Due to various technical challenges, the direct monitoring of these communities and their activity shifts during the venting of cold seeps has not been achieved. In this study, an integrated in-situ long-term observation platform was used to monitor seep venting activity, associated gas hydrates, and chemosynthetic communities inhabiting the Formosa Ridge in the South China Sea. In-situ Raman spectral data obtained over 14 days revealed two periods during which cold seep venting formed gas hydrates, interspersed with periods of hydrate decomposition during non-active intervals. The methane concentration in the open seawater column near the cold seep vent fluctuated, with an average of 23.07 μM (variance 28.71 μM). Furthermore, the average coverage ratio of the dominant cold seep macrofauna Shinkaia crosnieri was 22.94 % (variance 0.11 %). We hypothesize that the methane concentrations and biological cover in chemosynthetic communities exhibit stability. This phenomenon may be related to the role of natural gas hydrate deposits as methane capacitors, as proposed by earth scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nanodots (CNDs) have been studied in the field of biomedicine, such as drug delivery, bioimaging and theragnosis because of their superior biocompatibility and desirable optoelectronic properties. However, limited assessments on the biological effects of CNDs, particularly the effect on oxidative stress and toxicity in living cells, are not adequately addressed. In this work, a type of nitrogen, sulfur-doped carbon nanodots (N,S-CNDs), which were found to have strong antioxidant capacity in free radical scavenging in physicochemical conditions, was investigated through measuring the fluctuations of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, at different dose exposure in two types of cell lines, EA.hy926 and A549 cells. Instead of showing antioxidative capacity, the results indicate the uptake of the N,S-CNDs induces the production of intracellular ROS, thus causing oxidative stress and deleteriousness to both cell lines. The mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells was monitored upon the N,S-CNDs treatment and found to increase monotonically with the concentration of the CNDs. In addition, the confocal imaging of the cells confirms the localization of the CNDs at the mitochondria. More evidence suggests that the N,S-CNDs may stimulate ROS generation by interacting with the electron transport chain in the mitochondrial membrane due to the sulfur composite in the CNDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The stability and magnetic susceptibility of galvinoxyl radicals are believed to underpin the behaviour of ferromagnetic organic layers. However, the magnetic response associated with electron transfer from galvinoxyl radicals remains little understood. Here, new findings on magnetically-enhanced electron transfer (MEET) from immobilized galvinoxyl radicals are reported in an electrochemical study using galvinoxyl–gold electrodes. The electron transfer rate constant increases by about 78% in the presence of an external magnetic field of 1.32 mT compared to the electron transfer rate in the absence of a magnetic field. The MEET of organic radical layers on a solid electrode may also open up new avenues for the development of novel ferromagnetic nanostructures and devices. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • A study of the effect of a magnetic field on the electron transfer rate of a ferromagnetic material. • Cyclic voltammetry measurements were conducted using a gold electrode coated with galvinoxyl radicals. • An extended Marcus model was used to calculate the electron transfer rate constant. • A new phenomenon of magnetically enhanced electron transfer was reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemotherapy is an important means of cancer treatment. However, overexpression of efflux transporters (including but not limited to P-gp and BCRP) can lead to resistance to cancer chemotherapy. Multiple-target inhibitors of efflux transporter can be overcome the resistance and improve the oral bioavailability of chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a series of phthalazinone ring derivatives (1-20) with different aromatic heterocycles substituents on the amide bond for dual inhibition of P-gp and BCRP. Most target compounds significantly increased the accumulation of P-gp substrates in the chemo-resistant cancer cell lines by inhibiting the efflux of transporters. Compound 19 in particular showed stronger MDR reversal compared to Gefitinib and Verapamil, and comparable to that of the BCRP inhibitor Ko143. In addition, compound 19 improved intestinal absorption of paclitaxel (PTX) and enhanced the bioavailability of the orally administered drug in vivo. [Display omitted] • A series of Phthalazinone derivatives for P-gp/BCRP inhibition were designed and synthesized. • The reverse effect of compound 19 was strikingly stronger than that of Gefitinib and Verapamil, and was comparable to Ko143. • Compound 19 dramatically improved the oral bioavailability of PTX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • High specific surface area porous carbon was obtained from waste cork. • NC900 had the highest N-containing functional group content and amino groups. • NC900 exhibited the best adsorption performance for acetone, benzene and toluene. • Multilayer adsorption promoted the adsorption in mesopores via GCMC calculations. • Amino had the strongest affinity for VOCs through DFT calculations. It can be said that most of the garbage were misplaced resources. And how to turn these resources into valuable products is extremely important. In this study, the cork wine stoppers were recovered and prepared into VOCs adsorption materials through ammonia activation. The prepared cork biomass carbon had abundant micropores and mesopores and rich N-containing functional groups, especially amino groups (3.6%). The obtained sample NC900 exhibited a good performance for the adsorption of acetone (1221 mg g−1 at 18 kPa), benzene (840 mg g−1 at 10 kPa) and toluene (720 mg g−1 at 3 kPa) at 25 °C. The adsorption effect of hierarchical porous carbon on VOCs under different pressures were calculated and analyzed through GCMC. Multilayer adsorption promoted the adsorption of VOCs molecules in mesopores under the high pressure. The promotion effects of nitrogen-containing functional groups (amino, pyrrolic, pyridine) based on adsorption energy calculations were evaluated via DFT. The amino functional groups obtained the strongest affinity for acetone (-0.64 eV), benzene (-0.66 eV) and toluene (-0.72 eV). This study achieved a guiding significance for the preparation of cork biomass carbon and its application in the VOCs adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis represents an ever-present global concern, as it is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and an immense public welfare issue. Macrophages play a key role in the onset of the disease state and are popular targets in vascular research and therapeutic treatment. Carbon nanodots (CNDs) represent a type of carbon-based nanomaterial and have garnered attention in recent years for potential in biomedical applications. This investigation serves as a foremost attempt at characterizing the interplay between macrophages and CNDs. We have employed THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages as our target cell line representing primary macrophages in the human body. Our results showcase that CNDs are non-toxic at a variety of doses. THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages by treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and co-treatment with 0.1 mg/mL CNDs. This co-treatment significantly increased the expression of CD 206 and CD 68 (key receptors involved in phagocytosis) and increased the expression of CCL2 (a monocyte chemoattractant and pro-inflammatory cytokine). The phagocytic activity of THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages co-treated with 0.1 mg/mL CNDs also showed a significant increase. Furthermore, this study also examined potential entrance routes of CNDs into macrophages. We have demonstrated an inhibition in the uptake of CNDs in macrophages treated with nocodazole (microtubule disruptor), N-phenylanthranilic acid (chloride channel blocker), and mercury chloride (aquaporin channel inhibitor). Collectively, this research provides evidence that CNDs cause functional changes in macrophages and indicates a variety of potential entrance routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nanodots (CNDs) have shown good antioxidant capabilities by scavenging oxidant free radicals such as diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) and reactive oxygen species. While some studies suggest that the antioxidation activities associate to the proton donor role of surface active groups like carboxyl groups (–COOH), it is unclear how exactly the extent of oxidant scavenging potential and its related mechanisms are influenced by functional groups on CNDs' surfaces. In this work, carboxyl and the amino functional groups on CNDs' surfaces are modified to investigate the individual influence of intermolecular interactions with DPPH• free radical by UV-Vis spectroscopy and electrochemistry. The results suggest that both the carboxyl and the amino groups contribute to the antioxidation activity of CNDs through either a direct or indirect hydrogen atom transfer reaction with DPPH•. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]