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In order to improve the condition of food safety management and prevent the dairy safety incidents effectively, supply chain and fault tree analysis (FTA) can be integrated to analyze the cause of such issues comprehensively. As a result, the main cause of the dairy incident can be found. Based on the analysis and identification of hazards in dairy foods across the entire supply chain from raw material sources to end-customers, the basic events which can lead to dairy incidents are given, and the accident tree of dairy foods is constructed. After a qualitative and quantitative analysis on the tree on the tree, the minimum cut sets and path sets are calculated. Then, the accidents mode and the accidents control mode are obtained, respectively. The Sanlu milk powder incident and the Fuyang milk powder affair are selected as the cases to prove the feasibility of FTA. We have analyzed 34 basic events quantitatively. Then 114 minimum cut sets and 78 minimum path sets are obtained. From the analysis of structure importance degree of the basic events, the most critical factors are production enterprises lack feedback mechanism (X1), Food and Drug Administration failed to sample (X33), Ministry of Health and other government departments overlook or don't have a good supervision (X34), supermarkets and other distributors make a wrong judgement and sell unsafe dairy (X32), the industrial and commercial department failed to sample (X31), personal preference (X2), family members need dairy (X3), supermarkets and other dealers promote unsafe dairy (X4), and their structural importance coefficients are 1, 1, 1, 0.567, 0.5, 0.25, 0.25, and 0.25, respectively. The corresponding dairy safety strategies are discussed qualitatively, which include: dairy enterprise establishes a feedback mechanism and strengthens industry self-regulation; regulatory authorities strengthen supervision; supermarket and other dealers enhance self-construction; consumers learn how to differentiate between unhealthy and healthy dairy foods; the government makes related food safety laws.

Because food safety risks are becoming increasingly complex, food regulators and public health professionals should improve their ability in food safety management process. This study used the Carrado food poisoning incident in China as a case study to assist related managers in food safety assurance. The indicator system was established by extracting the descriptive information about food safety incidents, including ex-ante and ex-post information. In total, 295 food safety incident cases based on the characteristic attributes since 2000 were collected to establish a case database. We applied the algorithms of information entropy and cosine similarity to build the similarity matching model, and determined the degree of similarity between historical cases and the target case using MATLAB. By referring to the experiences of similar historical cases and the food safety accident emergency response plan, the emergency response was made. After the attribute difference analysis between similar historical cases and the target case was performed, the root causes of the target case were found. Finally, preventive measures were suggested. These results may provide a reference for food regulators to make rapid emergency response in the food safety incident and avoid the recurrence of similar incidents.

Mass events have led to many deadly crowd crushes and crowd disasters. In order to avoid crowd accidents, a number of the studies have been conducted. For the people in public place, even a low density crowd can cause risk due to individual’s local aggregation. The local aggregation process is the crowd distribution of deviating from random distribution process. Therefore, it is particularly important to measure the degree of randomness or degree of aggregation of crowd distribution. Entropy can be used to quantitatively describe the number of microscopic states in a certain macroscopic state. A crowd entropy model is built to reveal the degree of aggregation crowd or the degree of deviation from random distribution based on entropy difference. The fluctuation of the entropy is used to reflect the disturbance caused by random movement of individual. The research shows that we can judge whether the crowd is aggregating by comparing the entropy difference and the fluctuation value under a certain confidence level. The entropy variation regularity shows that the larger the entropy difference is, the more obvious the crowd aggregation is. It will provide a new perspective and tool for crowd managers to monitor the changes in the degree of crowd gathering.

The percolation model is an effective tool to solve the problem of fluid flow in the pores; the situation of outsiders crossing the crowd is similar. This paper verifies the obvious percolation phenomenon in the randomly distributed crowd by [Formula: see text] simulation and reveals several characteristics and laws of the crowd percolation phenomena. Studies have shown that sites with different spatial dimensions have different densities of crowd percolation: when the actual density of the crowd is greater than the critical density of the crowd percolation, the outsider is difficult to pass through the crowd; otherwise, the outsider can pass through the crowd easily. Therefore, the critical density of crowd percolation can be one of the indicators of crowd management in public areas, which will provide important guidance for the design of public areas, site selection of public activities and crowd management.

This paper has put forward a comprehensive assessment model of the emergency management capability of the coal mine accidents which is based on AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and has made an empirical analysis. Firstly, the meaning and the key contents of the emergency management capability of coal mine accidents was elaborated. Secondly, the comprehensive evaluation index system of coal mine accidents emergency management capability was established. And then, the first class index weights were determined by AHP. Finally, this paper made a comprehensive evaluation of a certain regions emergency management capability of coal mine accidents by means of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.

吸附法是目前从低锂浓度的盐湖卤水中提取锂的最有前途的方法。采用EDTA-柠檬酸络合法制备了Li 4 Mn 5 O 12 前驱体, 经酸浸脱锂后得到对Li + 具有特殊选择性的锰氧化物锂离子筛。通过热重、XRD、SEM、FT-IR、化学组成、吸附动力学及共存金属离子的分配系数等手段对样品的晶相结构和Li + 选择性吸附性能进行了研究。结果表明: 煅烧时间对Li 4 Mn 5 O 12 前驱体生成有较大影响, 由400℃煅烧24 h所得的前驱体几乎为纯相的Li 4 Mn 5 O 12 化合物, 经酸浸脱锂后的离子筛仍保持着与前驱体相同的尖晶石结构; 前驱体Li 4 Mn 5 O 12 和离子筛MnO 2 均为 200 nm左右的球状颗粒; 离子筛的最大吸附容量为43.1 mg/g, 并具有较好的Li + 选择性。

The adsorption of fuchsine by peanut husk, which was crosslinked by epichlorohydrin was studied with variation in the parameters of contact time, pH, initial fuchsine concentration and temperature. They were used for equilibrium adsorption uptake studies with fuchsine. The results indicate that adsorption equilibrium could be well described by both the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm equation. The adsorption followed the pseudo-second order model. The thermodynamic constants of the adsorption process were also evaluated, which suggest an endothermic adsorption process which runs spontaneously.

The city integrated emergency response system achieved consolidated receive alarm and command which cross-regional, inter-departmental and cross-force, it can conduct emergency rescue or relief disaster timely, orderly and efficiently. This paper mainly used the method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), analysis the city integrated emergency response system through the establishment of evaluation index system, get the calculation formula of its comprehensive score, and take Nanning city integrated emergency response system for example, apply and prove the index system and calculation formula.

Top-quality and efficient service increases in importance in the telecom service. One of its challenging issues is to deal with the atypical incidents. While the traditional mining algorithms are focus on the high-frequent item sets, a de-noising algorithm related to the atypical incidents still remains unsettled. This paper proposed a de-noising model based on the sliding window. In this model, FP-tree and multi-association rules are introduced to fix the thresholds of the sliding window. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can apply an appropriate data set to the knowledge discovery of the atypical incidents

The adsorption properties,including the adsorption isotherms,thermodynamics,of grape seed procyanidins onto macroporous resin HZ818 are investigated.Both the Langmuir and Freundlich equations can provide a good fit to the adsorption isotherms, which indicates an endothermic and a favorable process in our study.The capacities of the adsorption increase with temperature. The negative values of ΔG and values of ΔH lower than 40 kJ/mol indicate a spontaneous physical adsorption, and the positive values of ΔS show the increased randomness at the solid/solution interface during the adsorption process.

The adsorption of naphthol green by peanut shell, which was chemically-modified by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin was studied with variation in the parameters of contact time and temperature. They were used for equilibrium adsorption uptake studies with naphthol green. The results revealed that adsorption equilibriums were rapidly established in about 3h. Three different kinetic models (i.e.,intraparticular diffusion model, Lagergren-first-order and second-order equations) were used to describe the adsorption kinetic mechanisms. The adsorption of naphthol green on epichlorohydrin modified peanut shell(EMPS) was not controlled by intraparticular diffusion. The kinetic adsorption data can be well simulated by the second-order equation and the adsorption might be rate-limiting controlled. The suitability of the adsorbent was evaluated by fitting the equilibrium data with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, which gave good fits with both isotherms.

Modified peanut husk was used as an adsorbent to remove chrome blue-black from its aqueous solution. Results of kinetic experiments demonstrated that the adsorption was effective and rapid.Three different kinetic models (i.e.,intraparticular diffusion model, Lagergren-first-order and second-order equations) were used to describe the adsorption mechanisms. The adsorption of chrome blue-black on modified peanut husk was not controlled by intraparticular diffusion. The kinetic adsorption data can be well simulated by the second-order equation and the adsorption might be rate-limiting controlled. The suitability of the adsorbent was tested by fitting the equilibrium data with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, which gave good fits with both isotherms.

The sorption of eosin by peanut husk, which was chemically modified by formaldehyde in acidic medium was studied with variation in the parameters of contact time, pH, initial eosin concentration and temperature. They were used for equilibrium sorption uptake studies with eosin. The results indicate that sorption equilibrium could be well described by the Freundlich isotherm equation. The sorption followed the pseudo-second order model. The mass transfer model as intraparticle diffusion was applied to the experimental data to examine the mechanisms of the rate controlling step. It was found that the intraparticle diffusion is becoming the significant controlling step under the experimental conditions. The thermodynamic constants of the sorption process were also evaluated, which suggest an endothermic physical sorption process which runs spontaneously.

In order to strengthen the prediction of rockburst and inquire the relationship between the rockburst proneness of rock and its surface fractal characteristic, the surface fractal of the rock was studied by fractal method and uniaxial compression test. The change rules of surface fractal of different types of rock were compared by calculating its fractal dimension of rock before experiment and after experiment. Based on the prediction results, we found that the dimension after test is bigger than before test for four kinds of rocks. The rock with stronger rockburst proneness has more intense failure in the loading process and its crack morphology is more complex.

Glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) can reduce ceramide levels and help cells escape ceramide-induced apoptosis, thus leading to multidrug resistance (MDR). However, its expression and clinical significance in thyroid neoplasms still remain unclear. We aimed to elucidate the expression of GCS and explore its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs).We retrospectively investigated GCS protein expression level in tissue specimens obtained from 108 consecutive PTC patients by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.GCS was weakly positive or negative in normal follicular cells, but it was frequently overexpressed in PTC cells. GCS overexpression was associated with primary tumor size, local infiltration, lymph node metastasis, and local recurrence, but not associated with gender, age, pathological variants, tumor multifocality, tumor stage or distant metastasis. Western blotting also showed that GCS protein levels were much higher in PTCs' tissues than in normal thyroid tissues.GCS was upregulated in PTCs and might be an independent factor affecting prognosis.

Iodine staining during endoscopy has been successfully used to detect early carcinomatous and precancerous lesions in the esophagus, cervix, and oral cavity. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) plus in vivo iodine staining for intraductal proliferative lesions of the breast.We performed periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and in vitro iodine staining on 52 and 64 specimens of benign mammary hyperplasia, respectively, and 57 and 53 specimens of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), respectively. Next, FDS was performed on 177 recurrent nipple discharge patients who were randomly divided into two groups. One group was iodine-staining group in which 92 patients were randomly selected to undergo iodine staining during FDS, and the remaining 85 were assigned to the control group. Biopsy specimens of suspicious lesions were obtained and subjected to histopathological examination.Following PAS staining, benign mammary hyperplasia lesions were positively stained, while negligible PAS positivity was observed in the DCIS lesions (P0.05). Following in vitro iodine staining, benign mammary hyperplasia specimens appeared dark brown, whereas DCIS samples appeared significantly lighter or unstained. Compared with the pathological examination results, FDS with iodine staining showed an agreement rate in the diagnosis of ductal intraepithelial neoplasia (DIN), sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and Youden index of 97.82%, 98.83%, 83.33%, 5.93, 0.014, and 0.8216, respectively; the corresponding values for FDS without iodine staining were 88.24%, 89.16%, 50.00%, 1.78, 0.217, and 0.3916, respectively.FDS with iodine staining was superior to conventional FDS for the diagnosis of DIN and is valuable for breast cancer prevention.

Objective: To study the expression of IL-25 in airway inflammation of OVA-induced asthmatic mice and the effects of glucocorticoid. Methods: The asthmatic mice were induced by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge. This model was confirmed by detecting airway responsiveness, serum levels of IgE and lung histopathology. We also detected the inflammatory cells by cell counting plate and cytokines by ELISA, respectively. We also detected the expression of IL-25 by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with the mice in control group, the asthmatic mice showed elevated airway responsiveness and high serum levels of IgE. We also detected more inflammatory cells and high level of inflammatory cytokines in mice of OVA group. The expression of IL-25 was also significantly increased in both mRNA and protein levels in OVA group. Furthermore, treating mice with glucocorticoid could inhibit inflammatory cells and cytokines infiltration and reduce IL-25 expression. Conclusion: IL-25 level is increased in OVA-induced asthmatic airway inflammation and glucocorticoid is capable of inhibiting IL-25 expression as well as other Th2 cytokines, thus presents a promising strategy for the treatment of asthma.